干堆排尾对露天坑坑下采场稳定性的影响
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摘要
针对铜绿山露天转地下矿山利用露天坑干堆尾砂技术,采用FLAC3D数值软件,运用强度折减法及拟合函数位移突变特征法,对露天坑尾砂堆积过程进行破坏判定及稳定性安全系数求解,从而分析露天坑排尾的可行性。研究结果表明:当尾砂堆高h=0 m时,最优境界顶柱高度H=20 m,可允许的采场跨度D>34 m,主要破坏形式是空区顶板两端剪切破坏;当h>0 m和D>30 m时,采场有垮塌现象,露天坑台阶塑性区明显;当h>160 m时,空区塑性区面积及顶板位移迅速增大,堆积对空区的破坏程度大为增加,采场的合理跨度进一步减小。
In view of Tong-lü-shan underground mining shifted from open-pit using dry stacked Gangue technology, the numerical simulation software combined with the strength reduced methods and the displacement mutation characteristics of monitoring points was used to analyze failure features of goaf and stability safety coefficient under different heights of dry gangue. Feasibility analysis about stacking gangue was done. The results show that when there is no tailing loaded, the optimal thickness of boundary pillar is 20 m and the allowed spans are more than 34 m. The form of goaf failure is that both ends of roof are shear failure; When it begins to load tailings and the span is more than 30 m, the stope collapse and the area of rock's plastic deformation is obvious; When the tailing loaded exceeds 160 m, the area of stope's plastic zone and roof displacement rapidly increase, and the stacking gangue to the extent of goaf damage also increases considerably, which may further reduces the reasonable span of the stope.
In view of Tong-lü-shan underground mining shifted from open-pit using dry stacked Gangue technology, the numerical simulation software combined with the strength reduced methods and the displacement mutation characteristics of monitoring points was used to analyze failure features of goaf and stability safety coefficient under different heights of dry gangue. Feasibility analysis about stacking gangue was done. The results show that when there is no tailing loaded, the optimal thickness of boundary pillar is 20 m and the allowed spans are more than 34 m. The form of goaf failure is that both ends of roof are shear failure; When it begins to load tailings and the span is more than 30 m, the stope collapse and the area of rock's plastic deformation is obvious; When the tailing loaded exceeds 160 m, the area of stope's plastic zone and roof displacement rapidly increase, and the stacking gangue to the extent of goaf damage also increases considerably, which may further reduces the reasonable span of the stope.
引文
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[8]何忠明,曹平.考虑应变软化的地下采场开挖变形稳定性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(4):641-646.HE Zhongming,CAO Ping.Deformation and stability,analysis of underground stope after excavation considering strain softening[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2008,39(4):641-646.
[9]DUNCAN J M.State of the art:Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1996,122(7):577-596.
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[12]薛涛.基于突变理论的露天矿复杂采空区稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学资源与安全工程学院,2012:46-74.XUE Tao.Research on goaf stability of open pit mines based on catastrophe theory[D].Changsha:Central South University.School of Resources and Safety Engineering,2012:46-74.
[13]李夕兵,李地元,赵国彦,等.金属矿地下采空区探测、处理与安全评判[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):24-29.LI Xibing,LI Diyuan,ZHAO Guoyan,et al.Detecting disposal and safety evaluation of the underground goaf in metal mines[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):24-29.
[14]李仲奎,戴荣,姜逸明.FLAC3D分析中的初始应力场生成及在大型地下洞室群计算中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,24(增刊):2387-2392.LI Zhongkui,DAI Rong,JIANG Yiming.Improvement of the generation of the initial stress field by using FLAC3D and application in a huge understand cavern group[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics 2002,24(Supp):2387-2392.
[15]ZHOU Jian,LI Xibing,MITRI H S,et al.Identification of large-scale goaf instability in underground mine using particle swarm optimization and support vector machine[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2013,23:701-707.
[2]李地元,李夕兵,赵国彦.露天开采下地下采空区顶板安全厚度的确定[J].露天采矿技术,2005(5):17-20.LI Diyuan,LI Xibing,ZHAO Guoyan.Roof security thickness determination of underground goaf under open-pit mine[J].Opencast Mining Technology,2005(5):17-20.
[3]张亚宾.露天采空区排尾对地下开采影响的研究[D].唐山:河北理工学院资源与环境工程系,2003:32-54.ZHANG Yabin.Study of the influence on underground mining during stacking the gangue in open pit[D].Tangshan:Hebei University of Technology.Department of Resource and Environment Engineering,2003:32-54.
[4]夏世友.露天坑回填对地下岩体的应力应变场影响研究[D].武汉:武汉工程大学环境与城市建设学院,2013:32-77.XIA Shiyou.Study on the influence of open pit backfilling on underground rock mass stress and strain[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Institute of Technology.School of Environment and Engineering,2013:32-77.
[5]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc..FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions)Version 3.1,Users Guide[M].Minnesota,USA:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.,2006:1-240.
[6]史秀志,黄刚海,张舒,等.基于FLAC3D的复杂条件下露天转地下开采空区围岩变形及破坏特征[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(6):1710-1718.SHI Xiuzhi,HUANG Ganghai,ZHANG Shu,et al.Goaf surrounding rock deformation and failure features using FLAC3D in underground mining shifted from open-pit in complex situation[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2011,42(6):1710-1718.
[7]邹友峰,柴华彬.我国条带煤柱稳定性研究现状及存在问题[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(2):141-146.ZOU Youfeng,CHAI Huabin.Research status of strip coal pillar stability and its main problems in China[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(2):141-146.
[8]何忠明,曹平.考虑应变软化的地下采场开挖变形稳定性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(4):641-646.HE Zhongming,CAO Ping.Deformation and stability,analysis of underground stope after excavation considering strain softening[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2008,39(4):641-646.
[9]DUNCAN J M.State of the art:Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1996,122(7):577-596.
[10]闫长斌,徐国元,李夕兵,等.爆破震动对采空区稳定性影响的FLAC3D分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2894-2899.YAN Changbin,XU Guoyuan,LI Xibing,et al.Stability analysis of mined-out areas influenced by blasting vibration with FLAC3D[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,24(16):2894-2899.
[11]谢和平,周宏伟,王金安,等.FLAC在煤矿开采沉陷预测中的应用及对比分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4)397-401.XIE Heping,ZHOU Hongwei,WANG Jinan,et al.Application and contrastive analysis of FLAC in forecasting coal mining subsidence[J].China Mining Magazine,1998,7(5):37-41.
[12]薛涛.基于突变理论的露天矿复杂采空区稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学资源与安全工程学院,2012:46-74.XUE Tao.Research on goaf stability of open pit mines based on catastrophe theory[D].Changsha:Central South University.School of Resources and Safety Engineering,2012:46-74.
[13]李夕兵,李地元,赵国彦,等.金属矿地下采空区探测、处理与安全评判[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):24-29.LI Xibing,LI Diyuan,ZHAO Guoyan,et al.Detecting disposal and safety evaluation of the underground goaf in metal mines[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):24-29.
[14]李仲奎,戴荣,姜逸明.FLAC3D分析中的初始应力场生成及在大型地下洞室群计算中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,24(增刊):2387-2392.LI Zhongkui,DAI Rong,JIANG Yiming.Improvement of the generation of the initial stress field by using FLAC3D and application in a huge understand cavern group[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics 2002,24(Supp):2387-2392.
[15]ZHOU Jian,LI Xibing,MITRI H S,et al.Identification of large-scale goaf instability in underground mine using particle swarm optimization and support vector machine[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2013,23:701-707.