西藏部分山羊群体线粒体DNA D-loop区遗传多样性及系统进化分析
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摘要
为了探究西藏不同山羊群体的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,提取4个山羊群体DNA,扩增其mtDNA D-loop区,并测序。结果显示:西藏山羊群体mtDNA D-loop区长度在1 200～1 212 bp,各群体山羊D-loop区富含A、T碱基,共发现106个多态位点,分离出21个单倍型。西藏山羊群体单倍型多样性(Hd)和核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.085 7～1.000 0,0.007 04～0.019 14,4个群体山羊碱基突变率高,表明西藏山羊的遗传多样性非常丰富。核苷酸歧义度、NJ系统进化树表明西藏山羊群体间有共同母系血源,部分支系母系起源于镰刀型角野山羊(Capra aegagrus)和捻角山羊(Capra falconeri),同时存在其他的母系起源,支持山羊品种内的多起源说。
To understand the genetic diversity of and relationship between different goat groups in Tibet,DNA samples were extracted from four goat breeds,and the mtDNA D-loop regions of the samples were amplified and sequenced.The results showed that the lengths of the mtDNA D-loop regions of the Tibetan goat groups were 1 200～1 212 bp,and that they were rich in A and T bases.106 polymorphic loci were found,and 21 haplotypes were isolated.In Tibetan goat groups,the Haplotype diversity(Hd) was 0.0857～1.0000,the nucleotide diversity(Pi) was 0.00704～0.01914,and the bases mutation rate was high.The results indicated that the Tibetan goats were of high genetic diversity.The nucleotide ambiguity and the NJ phylogenetic tree showed that there was a common maternal blood source among Tibet goat groups,and the maternal blood sources of some groups indicated maternal origins from Capra aegagrus and Capra falconeri,although these groups were of other maternal origins at the same time;which supported the multi-origin theory within goat breeds.
To understand the genetic diversity of and relationship between different goat groups in Tibet,DNA samples were extracted from four goat breeds,and the mtDNA D-loop regions of the samples were amplified and sequenced.The results showed that the lengths of the mtDNA D-loop regions of the Tibetan goat groups were 1 200～1 212 bp,and that they were rich in A and T bases.106 polymorphic loci were found,and 21 haplotypes were isolated.In Tibetan goat groups,the Haplotype diversity(Hd) was 0.0857～1.0000,the nucleotide diversity(Pi) was 0.00704～0.01914,and the bases mutation rate was high.The results indicated that the Tibetan goats were of high genetic diversity.The nucleotide ambiguity and the NJ phylogenetic tree showed that there was a common maternal blood source among Tibet goat groups,and the maternal blood sources of some groups indicated maternal origins from Capra aegagrus and Capra falconeri,although these groups were of other maternal origins at the same time;which supported the multi-origin theory within goat breeds.
引文
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[22]王国华,郝荣超,杨国忠.云南山羊线粒体DNA遗传多样性与聚类分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(09):2361-2366.
[23]Wang J,Chen Y L,Wang X L,et al.The genetic diversity of seven indigenous Chinese goat breeds[J].Small Ruminant Research,2008,74(1-3):231-237.
[24]张红平,李利,李学伟.4个引进山羊品种mt DNA控制区序列变异和系统发生关系研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006(09):1-4.
[25]Tamura K,Nei M.Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees[J].Molecular Biology&Evolution,1993,10(3):512-526.
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[27]闵庆文,成升魁.西藏的贫困、生态与发展探讨[J].资源科学,2001(03):62-67.
[28]假拉,普布卓玛.西藏高原雪灾气候规律[J].西藏科技,1995(01):22-24,7.
[29]Zullo S,Sieu L C,Slightom J L,et al.Mitochondrial D-loop sequences are integrated in the rat nuclear genome[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,1991,221(4):1223-1235.
[2]Ishida N,Hasegawa T,Takeda K,et al.Polymorphic sequence in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrialDNA[J].Animal Genetics,1994,25(4):215.
[3]张成福,徐利娟,钟金城,等.西藏牦牛mt DNA D-loop区的遗传多样性及其遗传分化[J].生态学报,2012,32(05):1387-1395.
[4]钟金城,柴志欣,姬秋梅,等.西藏牦牛的遗传多样性及其系统进化研究[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2011,37(03):368-378.
[5]孙俊丽,张冰,马青艳,等.陆川猪mt DNA D-loop序列遗传多样性分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(06):122-125.
[6]房兴堂,周艳,陈宏,等.中国黄牛mt DNA D-loop遗传多样性及起源[J].动物学报,2007(05):928-933.
[7]刘若余,杨公社,雷初朝.中国山羊mt DNA D-loop遗传多样性及其起源研究[J].遗传学报,2006(05):420-428.
[8]陈伟,李钰,陈宇,等.中国北方汉族人mt DNA D环多态性研究[J].中华医学遗传学杂志,1999(04):45-47.
[9]Pietro P,Maria F,Gianfranco G,et al.The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Goat(Capra hircus)Mitochondrial Genome[J].Dna Sequence the Journal of Dna Sequencing&Mapping,2003,14(3):199.
[10]Harris D R.The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia[M].Washington:Smithsonian Institution Press,1999.
[11]陈红艳,叶绍辉.山羊起源与分化的研究进展[J].云南畜牧兽医,2003(03):21-23.
[12]孙金梅.山羊的起源和进化[J].中国养羊,1997(01):7-9+20.
[13]Luikart G,Gielly L,Excoffier L,et al.Multiple maternal origins and weak phylogeographic structure in domestic goats[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of A-merica,2001,98(10):5927-5932.
[14]Joshi M B,Rout P K,Mandal A K,et al.Phylogeography and origin of Indian domestic goats[J].Molecular Biology&Evolution,2004,21(3):454-62.
[15]Sultana S,Mannen H,Tsuji S.Mitochondrial DNA diversity of Pakistani goats[J].Animal Genetics,2003,34(6):417.
[16]Chen S Y,Su Y H,Wu S F,et al.Mitochondrial diversity andphylogeographic structure of Chinese domestic goats[J].Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,2005,37(3):804-814.
[17]中国农业科学院畜牧研究所.中国羊品种志[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1989.
[18]Nozawa K.Gene-constitution of the Yunnan native horse in China[J].Rep soc res native livestock,1995,15:99-110.
[19]王杰.中国11个山羊品种遗传多样性与起源分化研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[20]赵中权,刘小艳,张旭刚,等.新批准的西南地区5个山羊遗传资源mt DNA D-loop遗传多样性与亲缘关系研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011(19):9-12.
[21]姜雪鸥,杨鹰,万洁,等.攀西地区黑山羊mt DNA D-loop区遗传多态性研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(09):23-29.
[22]王国华,郝荣超,杨国忠.云南山羊线粒体DNA遗传多样性与聚类分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(09):2361-2366.
[23]Wang J,Chen Y L,Wang X L,et al.The genetic diversity of seven indigenous Chinese goat breeds[J].Small Ruminant Research,2008,74(1-3):231-237.
[24]张红平,李利,李学伟.4个引进山羊品种mt DNA控制区序列变异和系统发生关系研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006(09):1-4.
[25]Tamura K,Nei M.Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees[J].Molecular Biology&Evolution,1993,10(3):512-526.
[26]Meyer S,Weiss G,Von H A.Pattern of nucleotide substitution and rate heterogeneity in the hypervariable regions I and II of humanmtD-NA[J].Genetics,1999,152(03):1103-1110.
[27]闵庆文,成升魁.西藏的贫困、生态与发展探讨[J].资源科学,2001(03):62-67.
[28]假拉,普布卓玛.西藏高原雪灾气候规律[J].西藏科技,1995(01):22-24,7.
[29]Zullo S,Sieu L C,Slightom J L,et al.Mitochondrial D-loop sequences are integrated in the rat nuclear genome[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,1991,221(4):1223-1235.