永磁涡流调速器传动性能分析与正交实验优化
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摘要
以一台双盘式永磁涡流调速器为研究对象,理解了永磁涡流驱动机理,建立了三维瞬态磁场有限元模型。仿真结果表明:导体盘上三维磁密集中区域形状与永磁盘中永磁体形状几乎相同,磁密集中区域数目与永磁体极数相同;轭铁区域内的三维磁场分布为辐射带形状,磁密值高低区域相邻布局,导体盘上产生了与永磁体数目相等的涡流回路,相邻涡流区域涡流方向相反,中间部分涡流密度较低,相邻涡流回路交界处即正对应于永磁体处的涡流密度最高,平均转矩与转差呈现递增规律,两者之间线性数学关系非常显著。运用正交实验方法研究表明:在实验约束条件下因素主次顺序依次为磁极数、永磁体宽、永磁体长、永磁体厚,确定了永磁涡流调速器关于永磁体的最佳参数方案。结果表明:较原结构平均转矩提高了14.2%,转矩密度提高了18.0%,永磁体材料减少了3.2%。
This paper studies the permanent magnet eddy current coupling of a double disc and its mechanisms. It established the finite element model of its magnetic field; the three-dimensional transient calculation results show that the three-dimensional magnetic conductor of the double disk' s density distribution,permanent magnet and magnetic flux density is similar in shape and concentration; the number of permanent magnet poles are equal. In addition,the yoke disc's three-dimensional magnetic field distribution has the shape of radiation and the level of flux density adjacent to the area of the layout. The conductor is generated and equals to the number of permanent magnet eddy current loops. The density of eddy current in the opposite direction of adjacent areas and in the middle part of the eddy current is low; the permanent magnet is located at that junction. The density of the eddy current loop in the adjacent area is the highest. When the slip increases,the average torque increases,and the slip is approximately linear with the mean torque. The simulation results show that the simulation model is accurate. The orthogonal experimental method shows that the orders of major and minor factors are the number of magnetic poles and the width,length and thickness of permanent magnet under experimental constraints. The optimal parameters of permanent magnet govern the permanent magnet eddy current. The results show that compared with the original structure,the average torque increases by 14. 2%,the torque density increases by 18. 0%,and the permanent magnet material decreases by 3.2%.
This paper studies the permanent magnet eddy current coupling of a double disc and its mechanisms. It established the finite element model of its magnetic field; the three-dimensional transient calculation results show that the three-dimensional magnetic conductor of the double disk' s density distribution,permanent magnet and magnetic flux density is similar in shape and concentration; the number of permanent magnet poles are equal. In addition,the yoke disc's three-dimensional magnetic field distribution has the shape of radiation and the level of flux density adjacent to the area of the layout. The conductor is generated and equals to the number of permanent magnet eddy current loops. The density of eddy current in the opposite direction of adjacent areas and in the middle part of the eddy current is low; the permanent magnet is located at that junction. The density of the eddy current loop in the adjacent area is the highest. When the slip increases,the average torque increases,and the slip is approximately linear with the mean torque. The simulation results show that the simulation model is accurate. The orthogonal experimental method shows that the orders of major and minor factors are the number of magnetic poles and the width,length and thickness of permanent magnet under experimental constraints. The optimal parameters of permanent magnet govern the permanent magnet eddy current. The results show that compared with the original structure,the average torque increases by 14. 2%,the torque density increases by 18. 0%,and the permanent magnet material decreases by 3.2%.
引文
[1]赵克中.磁力驱动技术与设备[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004Zhao K Z. Magnetic drive technology and equipment[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2004(in Chinese)
[2]夏平畴.永磁机构[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2000Xia P C. Permanent magnetic mechanism[M]. Beijing:Beijing Industrial University Press,2000(in Chinese)
[3]何富君,仲于海,张瑞杰,等.永磁涡流耦合传动特性研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(8):23-28He F J,Zhong Y H,Zhang R J,et al. Research on characteristics of permanent magnet eddy-current coupling drive[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(8):23-28(in Chinese)
[4] Davies E J. General theory of eddy-current couplings and brakes[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers,1966,113(5):825-837
[5] Ferreira C,Vaidya J. Torque analysis of permanent magnet coupling using 2D and 3D finite elements methods[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1989,25(4):3080-3082
[6] Wallace A,von Jouanne A. Industrial speed control:are PM couplings an alternative to VFDs?[J]. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,2001,7(5):57-63
[7] Canova A,Freschi F,Gruosso G,et al. Genetic optimisation of radial eddy current couplings[J]. COMPEL-The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering,2005,24(3):767-783
[8] H9gberg S,Jensen B B,Bendixen F B. Design and demonstration of a test-rig for static performance-studies of permanent magnet couplings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2013,49(12):5664-5670
[9]赵韩,田杰.磁力机械学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009Zhao H, Tian J. Magnet mechanics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009(in Chinese)
[10]赵克中.磁耦合传动装置的理论与设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009Zhao K Z. Theory and design of magnetic coupling drive[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2009(in Chinese)
[11]杨超君,吉城龙,张秀文,等.COMI和CIMO型双层实心异步磁力耦合器的传动性能对比分析[J].机械传动,2016,40(9):137-141Yang C J,Ji C L,Zhang X W,et al. Comparison analysis of transmission performance for COMI and CIMO type asynchronous magnetic couplers with doublelayer solid rotor[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2016,40(9):137-141(in Chinese)
[12]牛耀宏.矿用永磁磁力耦合器设计理论及实验研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2014Niu Y H. Design theory and experimental research of permanent magnetic coupling for mining[D]. Beijing:China University of Mining&Technology, Beijing,2014(in Chinese)
[13]叶乐志,李德胜,焦兵锋.水冷式永磁涡流制动装置的仿真与试验[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(10):101-105Ye L Z,Li D S,Jiao B F. Simulation and experiment of water-cooled permanent magnet eddy current brake[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(10):101-105(in Chinese)
[14]付兴贺,王标,林明耀.磁力齿轮发展综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(18):1-12Fu X H, Wang B, Lin M Y. Overview and recent developments of magnetic gears[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(18):1-12(in Chinese)
[15]颜威利,杨庆新,汪友华,等.电气工程电磁场数值分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006Yan W L,Yang Q X,Wang Y H,et al. Numerical analysis of electromagnetic field in electrical engineering[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2006(in Chinese)
[16]李桃,林鹤云,黄允凯,等.基于三维运动涡流场分析的永磁涡流联轴器特性[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(2):301-305Li T,Lin H Y,Huang Y K,et al. Characteristics study of permanent magnet eddy current coupling based on 3D moving eddy current field analysis[J]. Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2010,40(2):301-305(in Chinese)
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 30549-2014永磁交流伺服电动机通用技术条件[S].北京:中国标准出版社全准会2014The State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Management Committee. GB/T 30549-2014 General specification for permanent magnet AC servo motor[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014(in Chinese)
[18]何为,薛卫东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法及数据分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012He W,Xue W D,Tang B. Optimization test design method and data analysis[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2012(in Chinese)
[2]夏平畴.永磁机构[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2000Xia P C. Permanent magnetic mechanism[M]. Beijing:Beijing Industrial University Press,2000(in Chinese)
[3]何富君,仲于海,张瑞杰,等.永磁涡流耦合传动特性研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(8):23-28He F J,Zhong Y H,Zhang R J,et al. Research on characteristics of permanent magnet eddy-current coupling drive[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(8):23-28(in Chinese)
[4] Davies E J. General theory of eddy-current couplings and brakes[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers,1966,113(5):825-837
[5] Ferreira C,Vaidya J. Torque analysis of permanent magnet coupling using 2D and 3D finite elements methods[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1989,25(4):3080-3082
[6] Wallace A,von Jouanne A. Industrial speed control:are PM couplings an alternative to VFDs?[J]. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,2001,7(5):57-63
[7] Canova A,Freschi F,Gruosso G,et al. Genetic optimisation of radial eddy current couplings[J]. COMPEL-The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering,2005,24(3):767-783
[8] H9gberg S,Jensen B B,Bendixen F B. Design and demonstration of a test-rig for static performance-studies of permanent magnet couplings[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2013,49(12):5664-5670
[9]赵韩,田杰.磁力机械学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009Zhao H, Tian J. Magnet mechanics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009(in Chinese)
[10]赵克中.磁耦合传动装置的理论与设计[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009Zhao K Z. Theory and design of magnetic coupling drive[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2009(in Chinese)
[11]杨超君,吉城龙,张秀文,等.COMI和CIMO型双层实心异步磁力耦合器的传动性能对比分析[J].机械传动,2016,40(9):137-141Yang C J,Ji C L,Zhang X W,et al. Comparison analysis of transmission performance for COMI and CIMO type asynchronous magnetic couplers with doublelayer solid rotor[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2016,40(9):137-141(in Chinese)
[12]牛耀宏.矿用永磁磁力耦合器设计理论及实验研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2014Niu Y H. Design theory and experimental research of permanent magnetic coupling for mining[D]. Beijing:China University of Mining&Technology, Beijing,2014(in Chinese)
[13]叶乐志,李德胜,焦兵锋.水冷式永磁涡流制动装置的仿真与试验[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(10):101-105Ye L Z,Li D S,Jiao B F. Simulation and experiment of water-cooled permanent magnet eddy current brake[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(10):101-105(in Chinese)
[14]付兴贺,王标,林明耀.磁力齿轮发展综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(18):1-12Fu X H, Wang B, Lin M Y. Overview and recent developments of magnetic gears[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(18):1-12(in Chinese)
[15]颜威利,杨庆新,汪友华,等.电气工程电磁场数值分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006Yan W L,Yang Q X,Wang Y H,et al. Numerical analysis of electromagnetic field in electrical engineering[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2006(in Chinese)
[16]李桃,林鹤云,黄允凯,等.基于三维运动涡流场分析的永磁涡流联轴器特性[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(2):301-305Li T,Lin H Y,Huang Y K,et al. Characteristics study of permanent magnet eddy current coupling based on 3D moving eddy current field analysis[J]. Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2010,40(2):301-305(in Chinese)
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 30549-2014永磁交流伺服电动机通用技术条件[S].北京:中国标准出版社全准会2014The State Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Management Committee. GB/T 30549-2014 General specification for permanent magnet AC servo motor[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014(in Chinese)
[18]何为,薛卫东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法及数据分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012He W,Xue W D,Tang B. Optimization test design method and data analysis[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2012(in Chinese)