缢蛏苗水泥池中间培育试验
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摘要
为了缩短缢蛏中间培育周期,快速培育大规格商品苗种,试验稚贝放养的适宜规格和密度,2016年11月至2016年12月,在250 m~2的露天大型水泥池培育稚贝,并混养少量脊尾白虾。研究了不同泥土厚度(3cm、6 cm),养殖密度对大、小2种规格稚贝的壳长、壳高、体质量和存活率的影响。底泥厚度影响稚贝体形的生长,规格越大所需底泥厚度越厚,大规格稚贝在6.0 cm和3.0 cm的壳长分别为20.25±0.03 mm、18.58±0.06 mm(P<0.05)。大、小规格稚贝的存活率分别为81.83%±0.69%、65.74%±0.83%;养殖密度影响稚贝的生长速度,稚贝规格和养殖密度的综合效果显示,大规格稚贝(10万粒/kg、壳长0.890±0.024 cm)适宜的放养密度为1.0~1.5万粒/m~2;小规格稚贝(20万粒/kg、壳长0.488±0.035 cm)适宜的放养密度为3.0~5.0万粒/m~2。培育30 d后,14.4 kg大规格稚贝收获196.4 kg,96.6%达到1.5~2.0 cm商品苗种;8.8 kg小规格稚贝收获苗种144.6 kg,68.4%达到1.5~2.0 cm商品苗种。探究了稚贝在水泥池进行中间培育的可行性,缩短了中间培育周期,能为缢蛏的规模化、集约化养殖提供优质、健康的大规格苗种。
In order to shorten the intermediate culture period of razor clam and to quicken the culture of large size products,the suitable specifications and densities of the spat are tested.In November to December 2016,in the 250 m~2 outdoor large cement pool to cultivate spat,and polyculture of small shrimp,two specifications spat(0.890±0.024 cm,0.488±0.035 cm) of razor clam S.constricta were cultured with different sediment thickness(3 cm,6 cm) and density.Regular measuring shell length,shell width,weight and survival rate of spat of razor clam under different conditions,sediment thickness affect the growth of spat in shape,specification,the greater required sediment thickness thicker.The results show that the survival rate of two kinds of specifications of razor clam respectively was 81.83%±0.69%,65.74%±0.83%;stocking density affected the growth speed of spat of razor clam;spat to specifications and the combined effect of rearing density showed that large spat(100,000 grains/kg,shell length 0.890±0.024 cm) appropriate stocking density of 10 000-15 000 grains/m~2;small spat(200,000 grains/kg,shell length 0.488±0.035 cm),appropriate stocking density is 30 000-50 000 grains/m~2;foster after 30 days,14.4 kg large-size juveniles harvested 196.4 kg,96.6% reach(1.5-2.0 cm) commodity seed;8.8 kg small juveniles harvested seed 144.6 kg,68.4% reach(1.5-2.0 cm) commodity seed.In this paper,the feasibility of intermediate culture of spat of razor clam in cement pool is explored,shorter intermediate period,it can provid high quality and healthy large specifications spat of razor clam for large-scale and intensive aquaculture.
In order to shorten the intermediate culture period of razor clam and to quicken the culture of large size products,the suitable specifications and densities of the spat are tested.In November to December 2016,in the 250 m~2 outdoor large cement pool to cultivate spat,and polyculture of small shrimp,two specifications spat(0.890±0.024 cm,0.488±0.035 cm) of razor clam S.constricta were cultured with different sediment thickness(3 cm,6 cm) and density.Regular measuring shell length,shell width,weight and survival rate of spat of razor clam under different conditions,sediment thickness affect the growth of spat in shape,specification,the greater required sediment thickness thicker.The results show that the survival rate of two kinds of specifications of razor clam respectively was 81.83%±0.69%,65.74%±0.83%;stocking density affected the growth speed of spat of razor clam;spat to specifications and the combined effect of rearing density showed that large spat(100,000 grains/kg,shell length 0.890±0.024 cm) appropriate stocking density of 10 000-15 000 grains/m~2;small spat(200,000 grains/kg,shell length 0.488±0.035 cm),appropriate stocking density is 30 000-50 000 grains/m~2;foster after 30 days,14.4 kg large-size juveniles harvested 196.4 kg,96.6% reach(1.5-2.0 cm) commodity seed;8.8 kg small juveniles harvested seed 144.6 kg,68.4% reach(1.5-2.0 cm) commodity seed.In this paper,the feasibility of intermediate culture of spat of razor clam in cement pool is explored,shorter intermediate period,it can provid high quality and healthy large specifications spat of razor clam for large-scale and intensive aquaculture.
引文
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[4]NIU D H,JIN K,WANG L,et al.Molecular characterization and expression analysis of four cathepsin L genes in the razor clam,Sinonovacula constricta[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2013,35(2):581-588.
[5]COSTA F D,SUSANA N,JUSTA O.Changes in biochemical and fatty acid composition of the razor clam Solen marginatus(Solenidae:Bivalvia)during larval development[J].Marine Biology,2011,158(8):1829-1840.
[6]王泽,杜文俊,陈氏娥,等.缢蛏微卫星多态性分析及其在亲子鉴定中的应用[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(6):807-813.WANG Z,DU W J,DONG Z G,et al.Analysis of microsatellite polymorphism and its application in parentage determination of Sinonovacula constricta[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(6):807-813.
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[8]WANG L,NIU D H,LI J L.Characterization of novel ESTderived SNP markers using 454 pyrosequencing in Sinonovacula constricta[J].Conservation Genetics Resources,2013,5(1):191-193.
[9]李炼星,杜文俊,王成东,等.缢蛏家系生长和耐热、耐高盐性能的对比研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(4):515-521.LI L X,DU W J,WANG C D,et al.Comparative analysis of growth and heat tolerance,salt tolerance traits among Sinonovacula constricta families[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(4):515-521.
[10]徐义平,许会宾,金凯,等.浙江乐清湾缢蛏的形态和遗传多样性[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(1):31-37.XU Y P,XU H B,JIN K,et al.Morphologic and genetic diversity of Sinonovacula constricta populations from Yueqing Bay,Zhejiang[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(1):31-37.
[11]陈高峰,余海,黄克蚕,等.缢蛏中间苗种培育技术初步研究[J].科学养鱼,2010,247(4):35-35.CHEN G F,YU H,HUANG K C,et al.Pilot study the intermediate cultivate technology of Sinonovacula constracta[J].Scientific Fish Farming,2010,247(4):35-35.
[12]龚呈祥.缢蛏苗种中间暂养技术初探[J].福建畜牧兽医,2015,37(2):36-37.GONG C X.Preliminary study on technology of seedling intermediate culture of Sinonovacula constracta[J].Fujian Province Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,2015,37(2):36-37.
[13]吉红九,陈淑吟.青蛤大规格苗种培育技术[J].水产养殖,2003,24(4):24-26.GI H J,CHEN S Y.Technology to cultivate large size seedling of Sinonovacula constricta[J].Journal of Aquaculture,2003,24(4):24-26.
[14]冯翠梅,田相利,董双林,等.两种虾、贝、藻综合养殖模式的初步比较[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版).2007,37(1):69-75.FENG C M,TIAN X L,ZHENG Z H,et al.Comparative studies on two integrated culture patterns of shrimp with oyster and seaweeds[J].Journal of the Chinese ocean university,2007,37(1):69-75.
[15]牟均素,李志刚.对虾与文蛤混养技术[J].中国水产,2009(8):36-36.MU J S,LI Z G.The polyculture of prawns and clams[J].China Fisheries,2009(8):36-36.
[16]林玉桑.日本对虾与花蛤的混养技术[J].养殖技术顾问,2011(8):247-247.LI Y S.The polyculture of Japanese prawns and clams[J].Technical Advisor for Animal Husbandry,2011(8):247-247.
[17]郭文,房慧,孙福新,等.菲律宾蛤仔苗种土池中间培育及越冬生产试验[J].海洋科学,2005,29(8):4-6.GUO W,FANG H,SUN F X,et al.Overwintering cultivation of Ruditapes philippinarum(Adams et Reeve)and intermediate pond preparation[J].Marine Sciences,2005,29(8):4-6.
[18]SHEN H D,LIU G F,FANG L,et al.Effect of microalgae and temperature on absorption efficiency of razor clam(Sinonovacula constricta Lamark,1818)[J].Aquaculture Research,2013,44(10):1524-1530.
[19]林笔水,吴天明.温度与盐度和缢蛏幼体生存、生长及发育的关系[J].水产学报,1990,14(3):171-178.LIN B S,WU T M.Temperature and salinity in relating to the survival,growth and development of the larvae and spat of Sinonovacula constricta[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1990,10(3):171-178.
[20]林笔水,韦信敏,钟指挥.人工控制培育缢蛏幼苗研究[J].水产学报,1988,12(3):223-232.LIN B S,WEI X M,ZHONG Z H.Artificial rearing of larvae and juveniles of Sinonovacula constricta[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1988,12(3):223-232.
[21]何进金,韦信敏,许章程.缢蛏稚贝饵料和底质的研究[J].水产学报,1986,10(1):29-39.HE J J,WEI X M,XU Z C.Study on food and substrate of Sinonovacula constracta[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1986,10(1):29-39.
[22]吴杨平,陈爱华,姚国兴,等.大竹蛏生物学特性的初步研究[J].水产科学,2011,30(12):764-767.WU Y P,CHEN A H,YAO X G,et al.Biological characteristics of Solen grandis Dunker[J].Fisheries Science,2011,30(12):764-767.
[23]何进金,韦信敏,许章程.缢蛏浮游幼虫生长发育和存活与若干生态因子的关系[J].海洋通报,1990,9(1):39-46.HE J J,WEI X M,XU Z C.Relationship between the growth and survival of Sinonovacula constricta planktonic larvae and some ecological factors[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1990,9(1):39-46.
[24]COSTA F D,BARREIRO B,JUSTA O,et al.Effects of stocking density on intermediate culture of the razor clam Ensis arcuatus(Pharidae:Bivalvia)[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(8):1858-1865.
[25]CIGARRIA J.Impact of Perkinsus sp.on Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum beds[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organs,1998,29(2):117-120.
[26]李为学,张士罡.缢蛏苗短期强化培育新技术[J].江西饲料,2011,123(5):40-42.LI W X,ZHANG S G.Now technology of short-term strengthening cultivation seedling of Siononovacula consitricta[J].Jiangxi Feed,2011,123(5):40-42.
[27]叶大华.蛏苗的暂养方法[J].中国水产,1985(1):29.YE D H.The technique of temporary rearing seedling of Sinonovacula constricta[J].China Fisheries,1985(1):29.
[2]袁晓初,赵文武.中国渔业统计年鉴2016[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016(6):33,60.YUAN X C,ZHAO W W.Chinese fishery statistical yearbook 2016[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2016(6):33,60.
[3]GRUFFYDD L D,BEAUMONT A R.Determination of the optimum concentration of eggs and spermatozoa for the production of normal larvae in Pecten maximus(Mollusca,Lamellibranchia)[J].Helgoland Marine Research,1970,20(1/4):486-497.
[4]NIU D H,JIN K,WANG L,et al.Molecular characterization and expression analysis of four cathepsin L genes in the razor clam,Sinonovacula constricta[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2013,35(2):581-588.
[5]COSTA F D,SUSANA N,JUSTA O.Changes in biochemical and fatty acid composition of the razor clam Solen marginatus(Solenidae:Bivalvia)during larval development[J].Marine Biology,2011,158(8):1829-1840.
[6]王泽,杜文俊,陈氏娥,等.缢蛏微卫星多态性分析及其在亲子鉴定中的应用[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(6):807-813.WANG Z,DU W J,DONG Z G,et al.Analysis of microsatellite polymorphism and its application in parentage determination of Sinonovacula constricta[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(6):807-813.
[7]TRANAB T N,NIU D H,NGUYENNAB H D,et al.Populations genetic structure of the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta from China,Korea and Vietnam[J].Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2015,61:429-436.
[8]WANG L,NIU D H,LI J L.Characterization of novel ESTderived SNP markers using 454 pyrosequencing in Sinonovacula constricta[J].Conservation Genetics Resources,2013,5(1):191-193.
[9]李炼星,杜文俊,王成东,等.缢蛏家系生长和耐热、耐高盐性能的对比研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(4):515-521.LI L X,DU W J,WANG C D,et al.Comparative analysis of growth and heat tolerance,salt tolerance traits among Sinonovacula constricta families[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(4):515-521.
[10]徐义平,许会宾,金凯,等.浙江乐清湾缢蛏的形态和遗传多样性[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(1):31-37.XU Y P,XU H B,JIN K,et al.Morphologic and genetic diversity of Sinonovacula constricta populations from Yueqing Bay,Zhejiang[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(1):31-37.
[11]陈高峰,余海,黄克蚕,等.缢蛏中间苗种培育技术初步研究[J].科学养鱼,2010,247(4):35-35.CHEN G F,YU H,HUANG K C,et al.Pilot study the intermediate cultivate technology of Sinonovacula constracta[J].Scientific Fish Farming,2010,247(4):35-35.
[12]龚呈祥.缢蛏苗种中间暂养技术初探[J].福建畜牧兽医,2015,37(2):36-37.GONG C X.Preliminary study on technology of seedling intermediate culture of Sinonovacula constracta[J].Fujian Province Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,2015,37(2):36-37.
[13]吉红九,陈淑吟.青蛤大规格苗种培育技术[J].水产养殖,2003,24(4):24-26.GI H J,CHEN S Y.Technology to cultivate large size seedling of Sinonovacula constricta[J].Journal of Aquaculture,2003,24(4):24-26.
[14]冯翠梅,田相利,董双林,等.两种虾、贝、藻综合养殖模式的初步比较[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版).2007,37(1):69-75.FENG C M,TIAN X L,ZHENG Z H,et al.Comparative studies on two integrated culture patterns of shrimp with oyster and seaweeds[J].Journal of the Chinese ocean university,2007,37(1):69-75.
[15]牟均素,李志刚.对虾与文蛤混养技术[J].中国水产,2009(8):36-36.MU J S,LI Z G.The polyculture of prawns and clams[J].China Fisheries,2009(8):36-36.
[16]林玉桑.日本对虾与花蛤的混养技术[J].养殖技术顾问,2011(8):247-247.LI Y S.The polyculture of Japanese prawns and clams[J].Technical Advisor for Animal Husbandry,2011(8):247-247.
[17]郭文,房慧,孙福新,等.菲律宾蛤仔苗种土池中间培育及越冬生产试验[J].海洋科学,2005,29(8):4-6.GUO W,FANG H,SUN F X,et al.Overwintering cultivation of Ruditapes philippinarum(Adams et Reeve)and intermediate pond preparation[J].Marine Sciences,2005,29(8):4-6.
[18]SHEN H D,LIU G F,FANG L,et al.Effect of microalgae and temperature on absorption efficiency of razor clam(Sinonovacula constricta Lamark,1818)[J].Aquaculture Research,2013,44(10):1524-1530.
[19]林笔水,吴天明.温度与盐度和缢蛏幼体生存、生长及发育的关系[J].水产学报,1990,14(3):171-178.LIN B S,WU T M.Temperature and salinity in relating to the survival,growth and development of the larvae and spat of Sinonovacula constricta[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1990,10(3):171-178.
[20]林笔水,韦信敏,钟指挥.人工控制培育缢蛏幼苗研究[J].水产学报,1988,12(3):223-232.LIN B S,WEI X M,ZHONG Z H.Artificial rearing of larvae and juveniles of Sinonovacula constricta[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1988,12(3):223-232.
[21]何进金,韦信敏,许章程.缢蛏稚贝饵料和底质的研究[J].水产学报,1986,10(1):29-39.HE J J,WEI X M,XU Z C.Study on food and substrate of Sinonovacula constracta[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1986,10(1):29-39.
[22]吴杨平,陈爱华,姚国兴,等.大竹蛏生物学特性的初步研究[J].水产科学,2011,30(12):764-767.WU Y P,CHEN A H,YAO X G,et al.Biological characteristics of Solen grandis Dunker[J].Fisheries Science,2011,30(12):764-767.
[23]何进金,韦信敏,许章程.缢蛏浮游幼虫生长发育和存活与若干生态因子的关系[J].海洋通报,1990,9(1):39-46.HE J J,WEI X M,XU Z C.Relationship between the growth and survival of Sinonovacula constricta planktonic larvae and some ecological factors[J].Marine Science Bulletin,1990,9(1):39-46.
[24]COSTA F D,BARREIRO B,JUSTA O,et al.Effects of stocking density on intermediate culture of the razor clam Ensis arcuatus(Pharidae:Bivalvia)[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(8):1858-1865.
[25]CIGARRIA J.Impact of Perkinsus sp.on Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum beds[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organs,1998,29(2):117-120.
[26]李为学,张士罡.缢蛏苗短期强化培育新技术[J].江西饲料,2011,123(5):40-42.LI W X,ZHANG S G.Now technology of short-term strengthening cultivation seedling of Siononovacula consitricta[J].Jiangxi Feed,2011,123(5):40-42.
[27]叶大华.蛏苗的暂养方法[J].中国水产,1985(1):29.YE D H.The technique of temporary rearing seedling of Sinonovacula constricta[J].China Fisheries,1985(1):29.