劳动的先验向度——论海德格尔此在生存论分析对传统劳动概念的深化
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摘要
海德格尔的实践哲学把古典的先验概念和实践哲学的传统在一个更深刻的基础上结合起来,揭示了实践的先验存在论向度,从而将劳动置于一个全新的视域。此在生存论分析表明,人类制作和使用用具的活动即劳动实践本身包含一种原初存在领会,后者被一种活跃在这一实践中的先天综合结构即世界规定,原初领会由此揭示了存在者的本原存在并构成我们对于存在者的一切经验和知识的源头。因此,此在生存论分析揭示了劳动实践的先验存在论向度,使传统劳动概念得到本质深化。海德格尔晚期的技术批判,实际上也将技术生产对人类劳动的异化置于一种先验存在论视域。海德格尔的上述思想在多方面与马克思的劳动理论存在呼应,将为我们今天对马克思主义实践哲学的创造性发展带来重要的补充和启迪。
Heidegger's practical philosophy revealed the transcendental dimension of human practice,hence established the concept of labor on a new ground. The existential analysis of Dasein demonstrated that human labor embodies a primordial understanding of being,which is determined by an a priori synthetic structure,namely,the world. The primordial understanding reveals the primeval being of beings,and is the source of any human experience and knowledge. So the existential analytic of Dasein revealed the transcendental ontological dimension of human labor,hence essentially deepened the traditional conception of labor. Correspondently,late Heidegger's critique of technology virtually placed the alienation of labor in technical times into a transcendental ontological dimension. Heidegger's above thinking is going to bring important inspiration and complement to the contemporary development of Marxist practical philosophy.
Heidegger's practical philosophy revealed the transcendental dimension of human practice,hence established the concept of labor on a new ground. The existential analysis of Dasein demonstrated that human labor embodies a primordial understanding of being,which is determined by an a priori synthetic structure,namely,the world. The primordial understanding reveals the primeval being of beings,and is the source of any human experience and knowledge. So the existential analytic of Dasein revealed the transcendental ontological dimension of human labor,hence essentially deepened the traditional conception of labor. Correspondently,late Heidegger's critique of technology virtually placed the alienation of labor in technical times into a transcendental ontological dimension. Heidegger's above thinking is going to bring important inspiration and complement to the contemporary development of Marxist practical philosophy.
引文
[1]马克斯·韦伯.新教伦理与资本主义精神[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010.
[2]黑格尔.精神现象学(上卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979.
[3]马克思.1844年经济学-哲学手稿[M].北京:人民出版社,1979.
[4]科克尔曼斯.海德格尔的《存在与时间》[M].北京:商务印书馆,1996.
[5]Heidegger,M.,Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics[M].Indiana University Press,1997.
[6]海德格尔.物的追问[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2010.
[7]海德格尔.存在与时间[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2014.
[8]张汝伦.历史与实践[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1995.
[9]Heidegger,M.,Wegmarken[M].Vittorio Klostermann,1978.
[10]Heidegger,M.,Sein und Zeit[M].Max Niemeyer Verlag,1993.
[11]海德格尔.现象学之基本问题[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2008.
[12]Dreyfus,H.,Being in the World:A Commentary on Heidegger’s Being and Time[M].MIT Press,1991.
[13]Okrent,M.,Heidegger’s pragmatism[M].Cornell U-niversity Press,1988.
[14]Crowell,S(ed).,Transcendental Heidegger[M].Stanford University Press,2007.
[15]Heidegger,M.,The Essence of Reasons[M].Northwestern University Press,1969.
[16]海德格尔选集(下卷)[M].上海:上海三联书店,1996.
[17]Guignon,C(ed).,The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger[M].Cambridge University Press,2006.
[18]马克思恩格斯全集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[19]费迪耶,等.晚期海德格尔的三天讨论班纪要[J].哲学译丛,2001(3).
[20]马克思恩格斯全集:第23卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[2]黑格尔.精神现象学(上卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979.
[3]马克思.1844年经济学-哲学手稿[M].北京:人民出版社,1979.
[4]科克尔曼斯.海德格尔的《存在与时间》[M].北京:商务印书馆,1996.
[5]Heidegger,M.,Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics[M].Indiana University Press,1997.
[6]海德格尔.物的追问[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2010.
[7]海德格尔.存在与时间[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2014.
[8]张汝伦.历史与实践[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1995.
[9]Heidegger,M.,Wegmarken[M].Vittorio Klostermann,1978.
[10]Heidegger,M.,Sein und Zeit[M].Max Niemeyer Verlag,1993.
[11]海德格尔.现象学之基本问题[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2008.
[12]Dreyfus,H.,Being in the World:A Commentary on Heidegger’s Being and Time[M].MIT Press,1991.
[13]Okrent,M.,Heidegger’s pragmatism[M].Cornell U-niversity Press,1988.
[14]Crowell,S(ed).,Transcendental Heidegger[M].Stanford University Press,2007.
[15]Heidegger,M.,The Essence of Reasons[M].Northwestern University Press,1969.
[16]海德格尔选集(下卷)[M].上海:上海三联书店,1996.
[17]Guignon,C(ed).,The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger[M].Cambridge University Press,2006.
[18]马克思恩格斯全集:第3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[19]费迪耶,等.晚期海德格尔的三天讨论班纪要[J].哲学译丛,2001(3).
[20]马克思恩格斯全集:第23卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.