上海市中小学生受校园欺侮现状及影响因素分析
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摘要
【目的】探讨上海市中小学生受校园欺侮现状及影响因素,为开展相关干预工作提供依据。【方法】采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,在全市36所中小学校采用"学生健康状况及健康影响因素调查表"对8 874名四年级至高三年级中小学生进行匿名问卷调查。【结果】上海市中小学生受校园欺侮报告率为4.7%,男生明显高于女生。小学生报告率最高,其次为初中学生,高中生最低。各类校园欺侮中,被别人恶意取笑报告率最高为2.6%;1.7%的学生曾遭受2种以上类型的校园欺侮;经常遭受家长打骂、有网络成瘾倾向、曾经有烟酒行为、重组家庭等为受校园欺侮的危险因素。【结论】本市中小学生中均存在校园欺侮行为,心理/言语类欺侮是主要欺侮类型。应根据学生的身心发育特点及欺侮类型,结合相关危险行为因素,采取有针对性的干预措施。将校园欺侮的干预纳入青少年健康危险行为干预体系,实施综合干预。
[Objective] To explore the status quo and influencing factors of school bullying with primary and middle school students in Shanghai,and to provide evidence for relevant intervention work. [Methods] A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey of 8 874 middle school students from the fourth grade of primary schools to the third grade of senior high schools,covering 36 schools altogether in the city. [Results] The rate of school bullying reported by primary and secondary school students in Shanghai was 4.7%.Male students were significantly higher than female students in report rate.The primary school students reported the highest rate,followed by junior high school students and high school students reported the lowest.The highest rate of bullying type was being teased maliciously by others,accounting for 2.6%; and 1.7% of students suffered from more than two types of school bullying; they were often exposed to risk factors for being bullied on campus,such as parental beating and scolding,internet addiction,alcohol and tobacco behavior,and their family reorganization could be a risk factor too. [Conclusion] There are school bullying behaviors with primary and middle school students in this city.Psychological/verbal bullying is the main type.Targeted interventions should be adopted in consideration of the characteristics of students′ physical and mental development and the type of bullying,combined with relevant risk behavior factors.Intervention of school bullying should be incorporated into the comprehensive adolescent health risk behavior intervention system.
[Objective] To explore the status quo and influencing factors of school bullying with primary and middle school students in Shanghai,and to provide evidence for relevant intervention work. [Methods] A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey of 8 874 middle school students from the fourth grade of primary schools to the third grade of senior high schools,covering 36 schools altogether in the city. [Results] The rate of school bullying reported by primary and secondary school students in Shanghai was 4.7%.Male students were significantly higher than female students in report rate.The primary school students reported the highest rate,followed by junior high school students and high school students reported the lowest.The highest rate of bullying type was being teased maliciously by others,accounting for 2.6%; and 1.7% of students suffered from more than two types of school bullying; they were often exposed to risk factors for being bullied on campus,such as parental beating and scolding,internet addiction,alcohol and tobacco behavior,and their family reorganization could be a risk factor too. [Conclusion] There are school bullying behaviors with primary and middle school students in this city.Psychological/verbal bullying is the main type.Targeted interventions should be adopted in consideration of the characteristics of students′ physical and mental development and the type of bullying,combined with relevant risk behavior factors.Intervention of school bullying should be incorporated into the comprehensive adolescent health risk behavior intervention system.
引文
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[9]黄情,姜小庆,李春玫,等.高中生校园暴力行为影响因素的结构方程模型分析[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(10):1524-1526,1529.
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[11]史高岩,刘金同,张燕,等.受欺负初中学生身心健康状况及相关因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(4):404-406.
[12]陈礼鹏,陈阳阳,方乐.中国四城市初中生受欺负者自杀风险影响因素调查[J].中国预防医学杂志,2012,13(8):576-580.
[13]HAN Z Q,ZHANG G R,ZHANG H B.School bullying in urban China:prevalence and correlation with school climate[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(10):E1116.
[2]王声湧,林汉生.暴力流行病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2010:32.
[3]杨宏飞,叶映华.杭州市中小学校园暴力行为及其相关因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2006,27(10):880-882.
[4]叶冬青,朱继民,张永青,等.合肥市中小学生暴力行为的流行病学调查[J].中华流行病学杂志,2004,25(1):6-8.
[5]蔡秋茂,马文军,徐浩锋,等.连平县农村中小学生校园暴力倾向流行病学调查[J].中国学校卫生,2009,30(1):52-54.
[6]陈道湧,姚玉华,俞爱青,等.上海市虹口区中小学生遭受校园欺侮行为状况[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(11):1394-1396.
[7]黄泽鹏,张艳,欧利民,等.中小学生校园暴力流行特征研究进展[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(10):1596-1600.
[8]柳珍妮,李丽萍.中小学校园暴力的流行病学研究进展[J].伤害医学(电子版),2013,2(1):35-40.
[9]黄情,姜小庆,李春玫,等.高中生校园暴力行为影响因素的结构方程模型分析[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(10):1524-1526,1529.
[10]杨佳.浅析校园暴力事件中弱势群体学生心理健康问题[J].神州,2012,(18):53-54.
[11]史高岩,刘金同,张燕,等.受欺负初中学生身心健康状况及相关因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(4):404-406.
[12]陈礼鹏,陈阳阳,方乐.中国四城市初中生受欺负者自杀风险影响因素调查[J].中国预防医学杂志,2012,13(8):576-580.
[13]HAN Z Q,ZHANG G R,ZHANG H B.School bullying in urban China:prevalence and correlation with school climate[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2017,14(10):E1116.