浙江省制造业企业时空迁移特征及驱动机理——基于县域尺度
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摘要
基于中国工业企业统计数据库,依据社会网络分析方法、核心—外围分析方法和条件logit模型,将浙江省90个区县分为核心区、次核心区、次边缘区和边缘区,研究1998—2013年制造业企业在省内迁移的时空特征及其驱动机理,结果表明:①随着社会经济的发展,迁移企业数量的增加,迁移活动涉及区县数量增多,促进全省企业迁移网络密度增加。但是三大核心城市仍为企业迁移活动的高发区域,其他外围城市仍为低发区域,依托核心城市形成的三大迁移板块格局并未发生实质性改变,迁移活动仍具有较强的区域性。②来自四类区域的企业区位再选择偏好存在时空上的差异性。目前,次边缘区已取代核心区,成为核心区与次核心区企业再区位的首选区域。③企业迁移受多重因素的驱动和制约,浙江省制造业企业迁移与一般企业空间布局的影响因素存在一定的差异,体现出企业迁移区位再选择的特殊性。
Based on the statistical database of Chinese industrial enterprises and applying the social network analysis method the core-peripheral analysis method and conditional logit model, this article explores the spatial-temporal migration characteristics and driving mechanism of Zhejiang manufacturing enterprises from 1998 to 2013 and divides 90 districts and counties in Zhejiang Province into four types which are core areas, sub-core areas, sub-marginal areas and marginal areas. The results show that: 1) With the development of the social economy, the number of migrating enterprises has increased, and the number of relocation activities involving districts and counties has increased, which has promoted the increase in the network density of migration enterprise in Zhejiang. However, the three core cities are still the regions with a high incidence of corporate migration activities. Other peripheral cities are still in low incidence. The pattern of the three major migration plates relying on the core cities has not changed substantially, and the relocation activities still have strong regional characteristics. 2) There are spatial and temporal differences in the enterprise location choice in four regions. At present, the sub-peripheral area has replaced the core area and become the preferred area for enterprise relocations which were located in the core area and sub-core area. 3) Enterprise migration is driven and restricted by multiple factors. The research also shows that there is a certain difference between the factors affecting the relocation of manufacturing enterprises and the spatial layout of general enterprises in Zhejiang Province, which reflects the particularity of the choice of enterprise location.
Based on the statistical database of Chinese industrial enterprises and applying the social network analysis method the core-peripheral analysis method and conditional logit model, this article explores the spatial-temporal migration characteristics and driving mechanism of Zhejiang manufacturing enterprises from 1998 to 2013 and divides 90 districts and counties in Zhejiang Province into four types which are core areas, sub-core areas, sub-marginal areas and marginal areas. The results show that: 1) With the development of the social economy, the number of migrating enterprises has increased, and the number of relocation activities involving districts and counties has increased, which has promoted the increase in the network density of migration enterprise in Zhejiang. However, the three core cities are still the regions with a high incidence of corporate migration activities. Other peripheral cities are still in low incidence. The pattern of the three major migration plates relying on the core cities has not changed substantially, and the relocation activities still have strong regional characteristics. 2) There are spatial and temporal differences in the enterprise location choice in four regions. At present, the sub-peripheral area has replaced the core area and become the preferred area for enterprise relocations which were located in the core area and sub-core area. 3) Enterprise migration is driven and restricted by multiple factors. The research also shows that there is a certain difference between the factors affecting the relocation of manufacturing enterprises and the spatial layout of general enterprises in Zhejiang Province, which reflects the particularity of the choice of enterprise location.
引文
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[17]陈建军.中国现阶段的产业区域转移及其动力机制[J].中国工业经济,2002(8):37-44.
[18]祁新华,朱宇,张抚秀,等.企业区位特征、影响因素及其城镇化效应——基于中国东南沿海地区的实证研究[J].地理科学,2010,30(2):220-228.
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[20]李俊峰,陶世杰,高凌宇.跨江发展下杭州市企业迁移空间模式及影响机制[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):87-96.
[21]郭杰,杨永春,冷炳荣.1949年以来中国西部大城市制造业企业迁移特征、模式及机制——以兰州市为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1 872-1 886.
[22]蔡春萍,韦素琼,陈松林,等.中小企业迁移:滞后性及其制约因素——基于晋江市安海镇的实证分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(10):7-14.
[23]余珮,陈继勇.新经济地理学框架下跨国公司在中国分层区位选择研究[J].世界经济,2012,35(11):31-58.
[24]杨菊萍,贾生华.企业迁移的动因识别——基于内容分析法的研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(1):15-21.
[25]张学华,贾金荣.拓展资源基础观视角下乡村企业迁移意愿影响因素研究——基于浙江的实证分析[J].商业经济与管理,2012(12):71-77.
[26]刘军.整体网分析讲义:UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社,上海人民出版社,2009.
[27]Bellone F,Musso P,Nesta L,Quere M,et al.Market selection along the firm life cycle[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2008,17(4):753-777.
[28]毛其淋,盛斌.中国制造业企业的进入退出与生产率动态演化[J].经济研究,2013,48(4):16-29.
[29]黄娉婷,张晓平.京津冀都市圈汽车产业空间布局演化研究[J].地理研究,2014,33(1):83-95.
[30]贺灿飞,肖晓俊,邹沛思.中国城市正在向功能专业化转型吗?——基于跨国公司区位战略的透视[J].城市发展研究,2012,19(3):20-29.
[31]李彦军,吴迪.情感因素对企业迁移行为的影响研究[J].管理世界,2016(6):184-185.
[32]吕卫国,陈雯.制造业企业区位选择与南京城市空间重构[J].地理学报,2009,64(2):142-152.
[33]张杰,唐根年.浙江省制造业空间分异格局及其影响因素[J].地理科学,2018,38(7):1 107-1 117.
[2]刘怀德,艾斌.企业迁移的动因研究[J].长沙理工大学学报:社会科学版,2005,20(4):50-53.
[3]王业强.国外企业迁移研究综述[J].经济地理,2007,27(1):30-35.
[4]McLaughlin G E,Robock S.Why industry moves South:Astudy of factors influencing the recent location of manufacturing plants in the South[M].Kingsport:Kingsport Press,1949.
[5]Pellenbarg P H.Sustainable Business Sites in the Netherlands:A Survey of Policies and Experiences[J].Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,2002,45(1):59-84.
[6]He Canfei.Location of foreign mamufactures in China:Agglomeration economies and country of effects[J].Regional Science,2003,82(3):351-372.
[7]Ramos R,Surinach J,Artis M.Regional economic growth and human capital:The role of over-education[J].Regional Studies,2012,46(10):1 389-1 400.
[8]Pearce II J A.Why domestic outsourcing is leading America's reemergence in global manufacturing[J].Business Horizons,2014,57(1):27-36.
[9]O′huallacha′in B,Leslie T.Postindustrial manufacturing in a sunbelt metropolis:Where are factories located in Phoenix?[J].Urban Geography,2009,30(8):898-926.
[10]Liao H F,Chan R C K.Industrial relocation of Hong Kong manufacturing firms:Towards an expanding industrial space beyond the Pearl river Delta[J].GeoJournal,2012,77(3):361-381.
[11]魏后凯,贺灿飞,王新.外商在华直接投资动机与区位因素分析[J].经济研究,2001,36(2):67-76.
[12]陈健,徐康宁.跨国公司研发全球化:动因、地域分布及其影响因素分析[J].经济学(季刊),2009,8(3):871-890.
[13]赵蓓文.经济全球化新形势下中国企业对外直接投资的区位选择[J].世界经济研究,2015(6):119-126.
[14]阎大颖.中国企业对外直接投资的区位选择及其决定因素[J].国际贸易问题,2013(7):128-135.
[15]魏后凯,白玫.中国上市公司总部迁移现状及特征分析[J].中国工业经济,2008(9):13-24.
[16]吴波,郝云宏,魏立春.中国上市公司总部迁移的动向与动因研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(12):8-14.
[17]陈建军.中国现阶段的产业区域转移及其动力机制[J].中国工业经济,2002(8):37-44.
[18]祁新华,朱宇,张抚秀,等.企业区位特征、影响因素及其城镇化效应——基于中国东南沿海地区的实证研究[J].地理科学,2010,30(2):220-228.
[19]杨菊萍.集群企业的迁移:影响因素、方式选择和绩效表现[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[20]李俊峰,陶世杰,高凌宇.跨江发展下杭州市企业迁移空间模式及影响机制[J].地理科学,2018,38(1):87-96.
[21]郭杰,杨永春,冷炳荣.1949年以来中国西部大城市制造业企业迁移特征、模式及机制——以兰州市为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(10):1 872-1 886.
[22]蔡春萍,韦素琼,陈松林,等.中小企业迁移:滞后性及其制约因素——基于晋江市安海镇的实证分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(10):7-14.
[23]余珮,陈继勇.新经济地理学框架下跨国公司在中国分层区位选择研究[J].世界经济,2012,35(11):31-58.
[24]杨菊萍,贾生华.企业迁移的动因识别——基于内容分析法的研究[J].地理科学,2011,31(1):15-21.
[25]张学华,贾金荣.拓展资源基础观视角下乡村企业迁移意愿影响因素研究——基于浙江的实证分析[J].商业经济与管理,2012(12):71-77.
[26]刘军.整体网分析讲义:UCINET软件实用指南[M].上海:格致出版社,上海人民出版社,2009.
[27]Bellone F,Musso P,Nesta L,Quere M,et al.Market selection along the firm life cycle[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2008,17(4):753-777.
[28]毛其淋,盛斌.中国制造业企业的进入退出与生产率动态演化[J].经济研究,2013,48(4):16-29.
[29]黄娉婷,张晓平.京津冀都市圈汽车产业空间布局演化研究[J].地理研究,2014,33(1):83-95.
[30]贺灿飞,肖晓俊,邹沛思.中国城市正在向功能专业化转型吗?——基于跨国公司区位战略的透视[J].城市发展研究,2012,19(3):20-29.
[31]李彦军,吴迪.情感因素对企业迁移行为的影响研究[J].管理世界,2016(6):184-185.
[32]吕卫国,陈雯.制造业企业区位选择与南京城市空间重构[J].地理学报,2009,64(2):142-152.
[33]张杰,唐根年.浙江省制造业空间分异格局及其影响因素[J].地理科学,2018,38(7):1 107-1 117.