基于贪心算法的自适应解列断面自动搜索方法 (一)解列指标体系与算法设计
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摘要
现有的解列断面搜索方法仅能考虑发电机同调、孤岛功率平衡等少数约束条件,在大系统的解列断面搜索过程中需要事先人工化简系统,无法实现从在线调度数据出发自动获得解列断面。文中以交直流系统的自适应解列控制为研究目标,提出了交直流电网解列指标体系,并设计了基于贪心算法的解列断面自动搜索方法。该方法根据系统发电机慢同调分群结果,确定解列孤岛数量及孤岛初始搜索节点,然后,对各孤岛一级相连节点进行评分,确定应该并入各孤岛的节点;最后,设计了解列策略校验环节。
The existing searching methods for controlled islanding surfaces of power system have two problems:first,these methods can only consider a few constraints,such as the synchronization separation constraints of generators and the power balance constraints of the islanded power system;second,most methods require a lot of manual intervention during the searching process and are unable to automatically obtain the islanding surface from the online scheduling data.Taking the adaptive islanding control of AC/DC systems as the research goal,this paper proposes an index system for islanding control of AC/DC power systems,and designs an automatic searching algorithm for controlled islanding surface of power system based on the greedy algorithm.According to slow coherency grouping results of generators,the number of islanded power grids and the initial node of each grid are obtained.All first-level-connected nodes of each island are scored,then the node that should be incorporated into each island is determined by the scores.Finally,a checkout mechanism is designed to verify the proposed islanding control strategy.
The existing searching methods for controlled islanding surfaces of power system have two problems:first,these methods can only consider a few constraints,such as the synchronization separation constraints of generators and the power balance constraints of the islanded power system;second,most methods require a lot of manual intervention during the searching process and are unable to automatically obtain the islanding surface from the online scheduling data.Taking the adaptive islanding control of AC/DC systems as the research goal,this paper proposes an index system for islanding control of AC/DC power systems,and designs an automatic searching algorithm for controlled islanding surface of power system based on the greedy algorithm.According to slow coherency grouping results of generators,the number of islanded power grids and the initial node of each grid are obtained.All first-level-connected nodes of each island are scored,then the node that should be incorporated into each island is determined by the scores.Finally,a checkout mechanism is designed to verify the proposed islanding control strategy.
引文
[1]余晓鹏,张雪敏,钟雨芯,等.交直流系统连锁故障模型及停电风险分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(19):33-39.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130905003.YU Xiaopeng,ZHANG Xuemin,ZHONG Yuxin,et al.Cascading failure model of AC-DC system and blackout risk analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(19):33-39.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130905003.
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[3]宋洪磊,吴俊勇,郝亮亮.考虑同调约束的电力系统主动解列断面的搜索方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(14):49-54.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130809002.SONG Honglei,WU Junyong,HAO Liangliang.A searching method for power system controlled islanding surfaces considering coherency constraint[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(14):49-54.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130809002.
[4]李晓珺,周剑,唐晓骏,等.南方电网多通道受电断面失步振荡及解列措施[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(20):163-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170512005.LI Xiaojun,ZHOU Jian,TANG Xiaojun,et al.Out-of-step oscillation and splitting measures of multi-channel receiving section in Southern Power Grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(20):163-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170512005.
[5]方勇杰,刘福锁,李碧君.关于大电网失步解列控制研究的综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5256-5265.FANG Yongjie,LIU Fusuo,LI Bijun.A review of out-of-step oscillation islanding control of large scale power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5256-5265.
[6]SUN Kai,ZHENG Dazhong,LU Qiang.A simulation study of OBDD-based proper splitting strategies for power systems under consideration of transient stability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(1):389-399.
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[8]SUN Kai,ZHENG Dazhong,LU Qiang.Splitting strategies for islanding operation of large-scale power systems using OBDD-based methods[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(2):912-923.
[9]倪敬敏,沈沉,陈乾.基于慢同调的自适应主动解列控制:(一)理论基础探究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4374-4384.NI Jingmin,SHEN Chen,CHEN Qian.Adaptive controlled islanding based on slow coherency:PartⅠresearch on the theoretical basis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4374-4384.
[10]倪敬敏,沈沉,陈乾.基于慢同调的自适应主动解列控制:(二)实用慢同调区域划分方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4865-4875.NI Jingmin,SHEN Chen,CHEN Qian.Adaptive islanding control based on slow coherency:PartⅡpractical area partition method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):4865-4875.
[11]倪敬敏,沈沉,陈乾.基于慢同调的自适应主动解列控制:(三)实用方案设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5597-5609.NI Jingmin,SHEN Chen,CHEN Qian.Adaptive islanding control based on slow coherency:PartⅢdesign of the practical scheme[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5597-5609.
[12]SONG Honglei,WU Junyong,WU Linfeng.Controlled islanding based on slow-coherency and KWP theory[C]//IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies,May 21-24,2012,Tianjin,China:6p.
[13]王乙斐,唐飞,廖清芬,等.带连通性约束的蚁群优化算法主动解列断面求解策略[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2016,28(9):56-62.WANG Yifei,TANG Fei,LIAO Qingfen,et al.Controlled splitting surface searching strategy based on ant colony optimization algorithm under connectivity constraints[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2016,28(9):56-62.
[14]杨健,唐飞,廖清芬,等.基于半监督谱聚类的最优主动解列断面搜索[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):242-249.YANG Jian,TANG Fei,LIAO Qingfen,et al.An optimal controlled partitioning scheme based on semi-supervised spectral clustering algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):242-249.
[15]NAJAFI S.Evaluation of interconnected power systems controlled islanding[C]//IEEE Bucharest PowerTech,June28-July 2,2009,Bucharest,Romania:8p.
[16]WANG C G,ZHANG B H,HAO Z G,et al.A novel realtime searching method for power system splitting boundary[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(4):1902-1909.
[17]程敏,杨文涛,文福拴,等.电力系统主动解列断面搜索方法与孤岛调整策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):37-45.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170329005.CHENG Min,YANG Wentao,WEN Fushuan,et al.Controlled splitting sections searching method and islanding adjustment strategy for power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):37-45.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170329005.
[18]倪敬敏,沈沉,李颖,等.主动解列控制中电网弱连接的一种在线识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(4):24-30.NI Jingmin,SHEN Chen,LI Ying,et al.An on-line weakconnection identification method for controlled islanding of power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(4):24-30.
[19]AVRAMOVIC B,KOKOTOVIC P V,WINKELMAN J R,et al.Area decomposition for electromechanical models of power systems[J].Automatica,1980,16(6):637-648.
[20]林伟芳,汤涌,卜广全.多馈入交直流系统短路比的定义和应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):1-8.LIN Weifang,TANG Yong,BU Guangquan.Definition and application of short circuit ratio for multi-infeed AC/DC power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):1-8.
[21]谭玉东,李欣然,蔡晔,等.基于电气距离的复杂电网关键节点识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):146-152.TAN Yudong,LI Xinran,CAI Ye,et al.Critical node identification for complex power grid based on electrical distance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):146-152.
[22]刘皓明,丁帅,卢恩,等.含快速切负荷功能火电机组的电力系统黑启动策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(9):23-28.LIU Haoming,DING Shuai,LU En,et al.A power system black-start strategy considering thermal power units with FCBfunction[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(9):23-28.
[23]瞿寒冰,刘玉田.机组启动过程中的负荷恢复优化[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(8):16-21.QU Hanbing,LIU Yutian.Load restoration optimization during unit start-up stage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(8):16-21.
[2]沈沉,吴佳耘,乔颖,等.电力系统主动解列控制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(13):1-6.SHEN Chen,WU Jiayun,QIAO Ying,et al.Studies on active splitting control of power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(13):1-6.
[3]宋洪磊,吴俊勇,郝亮亮.考虑同调约束的电力系统主动解列断面的搜索方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(14):49-54.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130809002.SONG Honglei,WU Junyong,HAO Liangliang.A searching method for power system controlled islanding surfaces considering coherency constraint[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(14):49-54.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20130809002.
[4]李晓珺,周剑,唐晓骏,等.南方电网多通道受电断面失步振荡及解列措施[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(20):163-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170512005.LI Xiaojun,ZHOU Jian,TANG Xiaojun,et al.Out-of-step oscillation and splitting measures of multi-channel receiving section in Southern Power Grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(20):163-167.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170512005.
[5]方勇杰,刘福锁,李碧君.关于大电网失步解列控制研究的综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5256-5265.FANG Yongjie,LIU Fusuo,LI Bijun.A review of out-of-step oscillation islanding control of large scale power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5256-5265.
[6]SUN Kai,ZHENG Dazhong,LU Qiang.A simulation study of OBDD-based proper splitting strategies for power systems under consideration of transient stability[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(1):389-399.
[7]SUN Kai,ZHAO Qianchuan,ZHENG Dazhong,et al.A twophase method based on OBDD for searching for splitting strategies of large-scale power systems[C]//IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology,October 13-17,2002,Kunming,China:834-838.
[8]SUN Kai,ZHENG Dazhong,LU Qiang.Splitting strategies for islanding operation of large-scale power systems using OBDD-based methods[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2003,18(2):912-923.
[9]倪敬敏,沈沉,陈乾.基于慢同调的自适应主动解列控制:(一)理论基础探究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4374-4384.NI Jingmin,SHEN Chen,CHEN Qian.Adaptive controlled islanding based on slow coherency:PartⅠresearch on the theoretical basis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4374-4384.
[10]倪敬敏,沈沉,陈乾.基于慢同调的自适应主动解列控制:(二)实用慢同调区域划分方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4865-4875.NI Jingmin,SHEN Chen,CHEN Qian.Adaptive islanding control based on slow coherency:PartⅡpractical area partition method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):4865-4875.
[11]倪敬敏,沈沉,陈乾.基于慢同调的自适应主动解列控制:(三)实用方案设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5597-5609.NI Jingmin,SHEN Chen,CHEN Qian.Adaptive islanding control based on slow coherency:PartⅢdesign of the practical scheme[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5597-5609.
[12]SONG Honglei,WU Junyong,WU Linfeng.Controlled islanding based on slow-coherency and KWP theory[C]//IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies,May 21-24,2012,Tianjin,China:6p.
[13]王乙斐,唐飞,廖清芬,等.带连通性约束的蚁群优化算法主动解列断面求解策略[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2016,28(9):56-62.WANG Yifei,TANG Fei,LIAO Qingfen,et al.Controlled splitting surface searching strategy based on ant colony optimization algorithm under connectivity constraints[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2016,28(9):56-62.
[14]杨健,唐飞,廖清芬,等.基于半监督谱聚类的最优主动解列断面搜索[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):242-249.YANG Jian,TANG Fei,LIAO Qingfen,et al.An optimal controlled partitioning scheme based on semi-supervised spectral clustering algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):242-249.
[15]NAJAFI S.Evaluation of interconnected power systems controlled islanding[C]//IEEE Bucharest PowerTech,June28-July 2,2009,Bucharest,Romania:8p.
[16]WANG C G,ZHANG B H,HAO Z G,et al.A novel realtime searching method for power system splitting boundary[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(4):1902-1909.
[17]程敏,杨文涛,文福拴,等.电力系统主动解列断面搜索方法与孤岛调整策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(19):37-45.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170329005.CHENG Min,YANG Wentao,WEN Fushuan,et al.Controlled splitting sections searching method and islanding adjustment strategy for power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(19):37-45.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170329005.
[18]倪敬敏,沈沉,李颖,等.主动解列控制中电网弱连接的一种在线识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(4):24-30.NI Jingmin,SHEN Chen,LI Ying,et al.An on-line weakconnection identification method for controlled islanding of power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(4):24-30.
[19]AVRAMOVIC B,KOKOTOVIC P V,WINKELMAN J R,et al.Area decomposition for electromechanical models of power systems[J].Automatica,1980,16(6):637-648.
[20]林伟芳,汤涌,卜广全.多馈入交直流系统短路比的定义和应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):1-8.LIN Weifang,TANG Yong,BU Guangquan.Definition and application of short circuit ratio for multi-infeed AC/DC power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):1-8.
[21]谭玉东,李欣然,蔡晔,等.基于电气距离的复杂电网关键节点识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):146-152.TAN Yudong,LI Xinran,CAI Ye,et al.Critical node identification for complex power grid based on electrical distance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):146-152.
[22]刘皓明,丁帅,卢恩,等.含快速切负荷功能火电机组的电力系统黑启动策略[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(9):23-28.LIU Haoming,DING Shuai,LU En,et al.A power system black-start strategy considering thermal power units with FCBfunction[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(9):23-28.
[23]瞿寒冰,刘玉田.机组启动过程中的负荷恢复优化[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(8):16-21.QU Hanbing,LIU Yutian.Load restoration optimization during unit start-up stage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(8):16-21.