广西崇左地区火山岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床地质特征及成因
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摘要
广西的中酸性火山岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床主要分布在桂西南崇左至凭祥一带,是一种非常具有找矿前景的矿床类型。文章从成矿母岩地球化学特征、风化壳结构特征、矿床地质特征及稀土元素配分等方面,对广西崇左地区火山岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床的成因进行探讨。本区广泛分布的早三叠世中酸性火山岩稀土元素丰度高,在亚热带季风气候条件以及地表水和地下水的综合作用下发生分解,使原岩中的稀土元素在风化壳中发生迁移,并在全风化层的中下部至半风化层的顶部富集成矿,矿石稀土元素配分类型呈轻稀土富集的右倾型分布且Eu呈明显负异常。
The ion-adsorbed rare-earth deposits in the weathering crust of intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Guangxi are mainly distributed in the Chongzuo-Pingxiang area of southwestern Guangxi,which is a very prospecting type.In this paper,the genesis of ion-adsorbed rare-earth deposits in volcanic weathering crust in Chongzuo area of Guangxi is discussed in terms of geochemical characteristics of ore-forming parent rocks,structural characteristics of weathering crust,geological characteristics of ore deposits and distribution of rare-earth elements.The Early Triassic intermediate-acid volcanic rocks widely distributed in this area are rich in rare-earth elements,which are decomposed under the combined action of subtropical monsoon climate conditions and surface water and groundwater,and made a migration of rare-earth elements of the original rocks in the weathering crust.In consequence,the rare-earth elements enrich and mineralize from the middle and lower part of the whole weathering layer to the top of the semi-weathering layer.The chondrite-normalized REE distribution curves of ores belong to the right-leaning type of light rare-earth enrichment and Eu show obvious negative anomaly.
The ion-adsorbed rare-earth deposits in the weathering crust of intermediate-acid volcanic rocks in Guangxi are mainly distributed in the Chongzuo-Pingxiang area of southwestern Guangxi,which is a very prospecting type.In this paper,the genesis of ion-adsorbed rare-earth deposits in volcanic weathering crust in Chongzuo area of Guangxi is discussed in terms of geochemical characteristics of ore-forming parent rocks,structural characteristics of weathering crust,geological characteristics of ore deposits and distribution of rare-earth elements.The Early Triassic intermediate-acid volcanic rocks widely distributed in this area are rich in rare-earth elements,which are decomposed under the combined action of subtropical monsoon climate conditions and surface water and groundwater,and made a migration of rare-earth elements of the original rocks in the weathering crust.In consequence,the rare-earth elements enrich and mineralize from the middle and lower part of the whole weathering layer to the top of the semi-weathering layer.The chondrite-normalized REE distribution curves of ores belong to the right-leaning type of light rare-earth enrichment and Eu show obvious negative anomaly.
引文
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[20]陈炳辉,刘琥琥,毋福海.花岗岩风化壳中的微生物及其对稀土元素的浸出作用[J].地质论评,2001,47(1):88-94,8.
[21]王中刚,于学元,赵振华,等.稀土元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:45-75.
[22]李社宏,严松,缪秉魁,等.中南地区与花岗岩有关的离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿预测[J].桂林理工大学学报,2016,36(1):9-16.
[2]郜兆典,李青,蔡贺清,等.试论广西离子吸附型矿床[J].南方国土资源,2009(3):23-25,28.
[3]杨铁铮,胡良吉.广西离子吸附型稀土矿分布规律研究及找矿选区预测[J].矿产勘查,2018,9(6):1179-1184.
[4]梁金城,邓继新,陈懋弘,等.桂西南早三叠世中酸性火山岩及其构造环境[J].大地构造与成矿学,2001,25(2):141-148.
[5]覃小锋,王宗起,张英利,等.桂西南早中生代酸性火山岩年代学和地球化学:对钦-杭结合带西南段构造演化的约束[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):794-808.
[6]王志星.广西凭祥-龙州地区稀土矿资源成矿预测研究[J].低碳世界,2017(10):76-77.
[7]顾尚义,万国江,毛健全.广西凭祥英安岩的化学风化作用研究[J].地球化学,2003,32(4):328-334.
[8]顾尚义,万国江,毛健全.广西凭祥英安岩中方解石稀土元素地球化学研究[J].地球与环境,2007,35(1):51-56.
[9]广西壮族自治区二七四地质队.广西崇左市六汤矿区稀土矿详查报告[R].2013.
[10]广西壮族自治区二七四地质队.广西凭祥市大青山矿区稀土矿普查报告[R].2013.
[11]广西壮族自治区二七四地质队.广西崇左市江州矿区稀土矿普查报告[R].2014.
[12]冯君储,方清浩.江洲S型中酸性火山岩的特征及成因[J].桂林冶金地质学院学报,1986,6(1):21-32.
[13]林传仙,郑作平.风化壳淋积型稀土矿床成矿机理的实验研究[J].地球化学,1994,23(2):189-193.
[14]池汝安,田君,罗仙平,等.风化壳淋积型稀土矿的基础研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2012,3(4):1-13.
[15]杨岳清,胡淙声,罗展明.离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿地质特征及找矿方向[C]//中国地质科学院矿床地质研究所文集(2),1981-10,北京:地质出版社,1981:104-120.
[16]张恋,吴开兴,陈陵康,等.赣南离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿特征概述[J].中国稀土学报,2015,33(1):10-17.
[17]王登红,赵芝,于扬,等.离子吸附型稀土资源研究进展、存在问题及今后研究方向[J].岩矿测试,2013,32(5):796-802.
[18]马英军,霍润科,徐志方,等.化学风化作用中的稀土元素行为及其影响因素[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(1):87-94.
[19]MIDDELBURG J,VANDER WEIJDEN C,WOITTIEZ J.Chemical processes affecting the mobility of major,minor and trace elements during weathering of granitic rocks[J].Chemical Geology,1988,68(3/4):253-273.
[20]陈炳辉,刘琥琥,毋福海.花岗岩风化壳中的微生物及其对稀土元素的浸出作用[J].地质论评,2001,47(1):88-94,8.
[21]王中刚,于学元,赵振华,等.稀土元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:45-75.
[22]李社宏,严松,缪秉魁,等.中南地区与花岗岩有关的离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿预测[J].桂林理工大学学报,2016,36(1):9-16.