塔里木河下游区域植被时空变化
|
摘要
为了对比生态输水工程实施前后塔里木河下游植被变化,分析植被对生态输水的时空响应,基于1986-2017年研究区上方无云的22期Landsat NDVI数据,辅以波动分析、趋势分析,探索研究区植被的时空变化特征,并对其驱动因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)空间上,植被的分布与水资源的分布密切相关,主要沿河道和积水区域分布。(2)1986-2000年,NDVI呈现缓慢下降趋势,2000-2017年NDVI总体呈现波动增加趋势;植被对生态输水有一定的滞后性,且与输水量密切相关。(3)研究区NDVI时间序列的方差介于0.0077～0.1957间,存在明显的空间差异,其波动的大小与植被种类密切相关。(4)1986-2000年,植被的NDVI空间趋势以减小为主,并主要发生在英苏和老英苏附近;2000-2017年,植被的NDVI空间趋势以增加为主,且主要发生在沿河道区域和喀尔达依东侧。
To examine the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, in this study, we use the cloud-free data of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI to obtain 22 time-series NDVI data during the period 1986-2017. We use the standard deviation of the NDVI time series to reflect vegetation change and the slope of linear regression equation of NDVI time series to reflect the variation tendency of vegetation. The results show that:(1) The distribution of vegetation is closely related to the distribution of water resources, mainly along the river channel and the water logged area.(2) For 1986-2000, the average NDVI value in the range within 1 km from the river channel fluctuated around 0.055, and showed a trend of slow decline because of the long-term absence of water supply. For 2000-2017, the average NDVI value showed an increasing trend and its fluctuation was closely related to volume and allocation of ecological water transportation.(3) The variance of NDVI time series in the study area was between 0.0077-0.1957, and there was obvious spatial difference. Its fluctuation was closely related to vegetation species.(4) The vegetation was in decline, which mainly occurred in the vicinity of Yingsu and old Yingsu during 1986-2000, but the vegetation mainly presented an increasing trend, and occurred mainly in the area along the river and east of Ka'erdayi during 2000-2017.
To examine the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, in this study, we use the cloud-free data of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI to obtain 22 time-series NDVI data during the period 1986-2017. We use the standard deviation of the NDVI time series to reflect vegetation change and the slope of linear regression equation of NDVI time series to reflect the variation tendency of vegetation. The results show that:(1) The distribution of vegetation is closely related to the distribution of water resources, mainly along the river channel and the water logged area.(2) For 1986-2000, the average NDVI value in the range within 1 km from the river channel fluctuated around 0.055, and showed a trend of slow decline because of the long-term absence of water supply. For 2000-2017, the average NDVI value showed an increasing trend and its fluctuation was closely related to volume and allocation of ecological water transportation.(3) The variance of NDVI time series in the study area was between 0.0077-0.1957, and there was obvious spatial difference. Its fluctuation was closely related to vegetation species.(4) The vegetation was in decline, which mainly occurred in the vicinity of Yingsu and old Yingsu during 1986-2000, but the vegetation mainly presented an increasing trend, and occurred mainly in the area along the river and east of Ka'erdayi during 2000-2017.
引文
[1]赵英时.遥感应用分析原理与方法.北京:科学出版社,2012.[ZHAO Y S.Theory and Methods of Analysis of Remote Sensing Application.Beijing:Sciences Press,2003.]
[2]温小乐,李洋,林征峰.海岛建设引发的植被覆盖度变化的遥感分析.地球信息科学学报,2017,19(2):273-280.[WEN X L,LI Y,LIN Z F.Remote sensing analysis of fractional vegetation cover change triggered by island construction.Journal of Geo-information Science,2017,19(2):273-280.]
[3]李超,赵淑清,方精云.1975-2014年福建省植被覆盖变化及其驱动因素.植物生态学报,2017,41(2):157-164.[LI C,ZHAO S Q,FANG J Y.Vegetation cover change and driving factors in Fujian province between 1975 and 2014.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(2):157-164.]
[4]刘雪梅,高小红,马元仓.2002-2015年青海省不同气候区植被覆盖时空变化.干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1-9.[LIU XM,GAO X H,MA Y C.The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of vegetation distribution during the periods of2002-2015 in Qinghai province,China.Arid Zone Research,2017,34(6):1-9.]
[5]KHALYYANI A H,FALKOWSKI M J,MAYER A L.Classification of landsat images based on spectral and topographic variables for land-cover change detection in Zagros forests.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,33(21):6956-6974.
[6]COPPIN P,JONCKHEERE I,NACKAERTS K,et al.Digital change detection methods in ecosystem monitoring:A review.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25(9):1565-1596.
[7]LU D,MAUSEL P,BRONDIZIO E,et al.Change detection techniques.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25(12):2365-2407.
[8]郑艺,张丽,周宇,等.1982-2012年全球干旱区植被变化及驱动因子分析.干旱区研究,2017,34(1):59-66.[ZHENGY,ZHANG L,ZHOU Y,et al.Vegetation change and its driving factors in global drylands during the period of 1982-2012.Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):59-66.]
[9]李秀花,师庆东,常顺利,等.1981-2001年中国西北干旱区NDVI变化分析.干旱区地理,2008,31(6):940-945.[LI XH,SHI Q D,CHANG S L,et al.Change of NDVI based on NOAA image in northwest arid area of China in 1981-2001.Arid Land Geography,2008,31(6):940-945.]
[10]陈操操,谢高地,甄霖,等.泾河流域植被覆盖动态变化特征及其与降雨的关系.生态学报,2008,28(3):925-938.[CHEN C C,XIE G D,ZHEN L,et al.Analysis of Jinghe watershed vegetation dynamics and evaluation of its relation to precipitation.Acta Ecologica Snica,2008,28(3):925-938.]
[11]YANG X,LO C P.Using a time series of satellite imagery to detect land use and land cover changes in the Atlanta,Georgia metropolitan area.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,23(9):1775-1798.
[12]FRASER R H,OLTHOF I,CARRIERE M,et al.Detecting long-term changes to vegetation in Northern Canada using the Landsat satellite image archive.Environmental Research Letters,2011,6(4).doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045502.
[13]吐尔逊·哈斯木,曼尼萨汗·吐尔隼,韩桂红,等.近50 a以来塔里木河下游土地沙漠化影响因子分析.中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1029-1034.[TURSUN K,MANISAHAN T,HAN G H,et al.Analysis on impact factors of land desertification in lower reaches of Tarim River in past 50 years.Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(6):1029-1034.]
[14]徐海量,陈亚宁,杨戈.塔里木河下游生态输水对植被和地下水位的影响.环境科学,2003,24(4):18-22.[XU H L,CHEN Y N,YANG G.Effect of translating water on vegetation at the lower reaches of Tarim River.Environmental Science,2003,24(4):18-22.]
[15]李卫红,陈永金,陈亚鹏,等.新疆塔里木河下游生态输水对地下水位和水质的影响.资源科学,2006,28(5):157-163.[LI W H,CHEN Y J,CHEN Y P,et al.Effects of ecological stream water transfusion on groundwater level and quality in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Resources Science,2006,28(5):157-163.]
[16]芦艳玲,叶朝霞.塔里木河下游地下水位对生态输水的响应.干旱区研究,2012,29(4):574-578.[LU Y L,YE Z X.Response of groundwater level to the ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Arid Zone Research,2012,29(4):574-578.]
[17]郭辉,黄粤,李向义,等.基于多尺度遥感数据的塔里木河干流地区植被覆盖动态.中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1472-1480.[GUO H,HUANG Y,LI X Y,et al.Dynamic changes of fraction vegetation cover along the mainstream of the Tarim River.Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(5):1472-1480.]
[18]杨家军,吐尔逊·哈斯木,郝永娟,等.塔里木河下游生态输水对植被恢复和沙漠化逆转的影响.水土保持通报,2014,34(4):323-327.[YANG J J,TURSUN K,HAO Y J,et al.Effects of ecological water transport on vegetation restoration and desertification reversion at lower reaches of Tarim River.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(4):323-327.]
[19]吐尔逊·哈斯木,石丽,韩桂红,等.塔里木河下游植被和沙漠化对输水前后地下水变化的响应分析.中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1033-1038.[TURSUN K,SHI L,HAN G H,et al.Response of vegetation and desertification to groundwater change due to emergency water supply in lower reaches of Tarim River.Journal of Desert Research,2008,28(6):1033-1038.]
[20]万红梅,李霞,董道瑞,等.塔里木河下游植被覆盖变化遥感定量分析.自然资源学报,2013,28(4):668-677.[WANH W,LI X,DONG D R,et al.Remote sensing quantitative analysis on vegetation coverage change in lower reaches of the Trim River.Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(4):668-677.]
[21]牛婷,李霞,姚晓蕊,等.塔里木河下游输水前后NDVI差异分析.自然资源学报,2008,23(5):858-864.[NIU T,LIX,YAO X R,et al.The analysis on the NDVI difference before and after water transfer to lower reaches of Tarim River.Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):858-864.]
[22]王建刚,李霞,石瑞花,等.塔里木河下游胡杨对输水的生态响应.自然资源学报,2008,23(4):619-625.[WANG J G,LI X,SHI R H,et al.Ecological responses of populus euphratica to water supply in the lower of Tarim River.Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(4):619-625.]
[23]闫正龙,汤国安.塔里木河下游生态应急输水植被恢复的遥感监测.水土保持通报,2005,25(3):58-60.[YAN Z L,TANG G A.Remote sensing based monitor of vegetation recovery in lower reaches of Tarim River following implementation of emergent water transportation project.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,25(3):58-60.]
[24]刘华,陈亚宁,杨晓明.塔里木河下游生态响应遥感监测研究.干旱区地理,2007,30(2):203-208.[LIU H,CHEN YN,YANG X M.Monitor of ecological response along lower reaches of Tarim River based on remote sensing.Arid Land Geography,2007,30(2):203-208.]
[25]段含明,艾里西尔·库尔班,玉米提·哈力克,等.基于多时相CBERS/CCD数据的塔里木河下游植被变化.干旱区地理,2010,33(2):263-271.[DUAN H M,ALISHIR K,UMUT H,et al.Vegetation change based on temporal trajectory analysis with Multi-temporal CBERS/CCD data in the Lower Reaches.Arid Land Geography,2010,33(2):263-271.]
[26]刘桂林,艾里西尔·库尔班,玉米提·哈力克,等.基于变化轨迹探测的植被景观格局动态分析:以塔里木河下游生态输水区域为例.中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1472-1478.[LIU G L,ALISHIR K,UMUT H,et al.Analysis of vegetation landscape pattern dynamics based on trajectory change detection:A case study of ecological water transportation in the lower reaches of Tarim River.Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(5):1472-1478.]
[27]古丽·加帕尔,陈曦,马忠国,等.极端干旱区荒漠稀疏河岸林遥感分类研究.中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1153-1161.[GULI J,CHEN X,MA Z G,et al.Classification of sparse desert riparian forest in extreme arid region.Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(6):1153-1161.]
[28]CHEN X X,LEE V L,DON D.A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time.Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,98:63-79.
[2]温小乐,李洋,林征峰.海岛建设引发的植被覆盖度变化的遥感分析.地球信息科学学报,2017,19(2):273-280.[WEN X L,LI Y,LIN Z F.Remote sensing analysis of fractional vegetation cover change triggered by island construction.Journal of Geo-information Science,2017,19(2):273-280.]
[3]李超,赵淑清,方精云.1975-2014年福建省植被覆盖变化及其驱动因素.植物生态学报,2017,41(2):157-164.[LI C,ZHAO S Q,FANG J Y.Vegetation cover change and driving factors in Fujian province between 1975 and 2014.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(2):157-164.]
[4]刘雪梅,高小红,马元仓.2002-2015年青海省不同气候区植被覆盖时空变化.干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1-9.[LIU XM,GAO X H,MA Y C.The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of vegetation distribution during the periods of2002-2015 in Qinghai province,China.Arid Zone Research,2017,34(6):1-9.]
[5]KHALYYANI A H,FALKOWSKI M J,MAYER A L.Classification of landsat images based on spectral and topographic variables for land-cover change detection in Zagros forests.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2012,33(21):6956-6974.
[6]COPPIN P,JONCKHEERE I,NACKAERTS K,et al.Digital change detection methods in ecosystem monitoring:A review.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25(9):1565-1596.
[7]LU D,MAUSEL P,BRONDIZIO E,et al.Change detection techniques.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25(12):2365-2407.
[8]郑艺,张丽,周宇,等.1982-2012年全球干旱区植被变化及驱动因子分析.干旱区研究,2017,34(1):59-66.[ZHENGY,ZHANG L,ZHOU Y,et al.Vegetation change and its driving factors in global drylands during the period of 1982-2012.Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):59-66.]
[9]李秀花,师庆东,常顺利,等.1981-2001年中国西北干旱区NDVI变化分析.干旱区地理,2008,31(6):940-945.[LI XH,SHI Q D,CHANG S L,et al.Change of NDVI based on NOAA image in northwest arid area of China in 1981-2001.Arid Land Geography,2008,31(6):940-945.]
[10]陈操操,谢高地,甄霖,等.泾河流域植被覆盖动态变化特征及其与降雨的关系.生态学报,2008,28(3):925-938.[CHEN C C,XIE G D,ZHEN L,et al.Analysis of Jinghe watershed vegetation dynamics and evaluation of its relation to precipitation.Acta Ecologica Snica,2008,28(3):925-938.]
[11]YANG X,LO C P.Using a time series of satellite imagery to detect land use and land cover changes in the Atlanta,Georgia metropolitan area.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,23(9):1775-1798.
[12]FRASER R H,OLTHOF I,CARRIERE M,et al.Detecting long-term changes to vegetation in Northern Canada using the Landsat satellite image archive.Environmental Research Letters,2011,6(4).doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045502.
[13]吐尔逊·哈斯木,曼尼萨汗·吐尔隼,韩桂红,等.近50 a以来塔里木河下游土地沙漠化影响因子分析.中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1029-1034.[TURSUN K,MANISAHAN T,HAN G H,et al.Analysis on impact factors of land desertification in lower reaches of Tarim River in past 50 years.Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(6):1029-1034.]
[14]徐海量,陈亚宁,杨戈.塔里木河下游生态输水对植被和地下水位的影响.环境科学,2003,24(4):18-22.[XU H L,CHEN Y N,YANG G.Effect of translating water on vegetation at the lower reaches of Tarim River.Environmental Science,2003,24(4):18-22.]
[15]李卫红,陈永金,陈亚鹏,等.新疆塔里木河下游生态输水对地下水位和水质的影响.资源科学,2006,28(5):157-163.[LI W H,CHEN Y J,CHEN Y P,et al.Effects of ecological stream water transfusion on groundwater level and quality in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Resources Science,2006,28(5):157-163.]
[16]芦艳玲,叶朝霞.塔里木河下游地下水位对生态输水的响应.干旱区研究,2012,29(4):574-578.[LU Y L,YE Z X.Response of groundwater level to the ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Arid Zone Research,2012,29(4):574-578.]
[17]郭辉,黄粤,李向义,等.基于多尺度遥感数据的塔里木河干流地区植被覆盖动态.中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1472-1480.[GUO H,HUANG Y,LI X Y,et al.Dynamic changes of fraction vegetation cover along the mainstream of the Tarim River.Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(5):1472-1480.]
[18]杨家军,吐尔逊·哈斯木,郝永娟,等.塔里木河下游生态输水对植被恢复和沙漠化逆转的影响.水土保持通报,2014,34(4):323-327.[YANG J J,TURSUN K,HAO Y J,et al.Effects of ecological water transport on vegetation restoration and desertification reversion at lower reaches of Tarim River.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(4):323-327.]
[19]吐尔逊·哈斯木,石丽,韩桂红,等.塔里木河下游植被和沙漠化对输水前后地下水变化的响应分析.中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1033-1038.[TURSUN K,SHI L,HAN G H,et al.Response of vegetation and desertification to groundwater change due to emergency water supply in lower reaches of Tarim River.Journal of Desert Research,2008,28(6):1033-1038.]
[20]万红梅,李霞,董道瑞,等.塔里木河下游植被覆盖变化遥感定量分析.自然资源学报,2013,28(4):668-677.[WANH W,LI X,DONG D R,et al.Remote sensing quantitative analysis on vegetation coverage change in lower reaches of the Trim River.Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(4):668-677.]
[21]牛婷,李霞,姚晓蕊,等.塔里木河下游输水前后NDVI差异分析.自然资源学报,2008,23(5):858-864.[NIU T,LIX,YAO X R,et al.The analysis on the NDVI difference before and after water transfer to lower reaches of Tarim River.Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):858-864.]
[22]王建刚,李霞,石瑞花,等.塔里木河下游胡杨对输水的生态响应.自然资源学报,2008,23(4):619-625.[WANG J G,LI X,SHI R H,et al.Ecological responses of populus euphratica to water supply in the lower of Tarim River.Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(4):619-625.]
[23]闫正龙,汤国安.塔里木河下游生态应急输水植被恢复的遥感监测.水土保持通报,2005,25(3):58-60.[YAN Z L,TANG G A.Remote sensing based monitor of vegetation recovery in lower reaches of Tarim River following implementation of emergent water transportation project.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,25(3):58-60.]
[24]刘华,陈亚宁,杨晓明.塔里木河下游生态响应遥感监测研究.干旱区地理,2007,30(2):203-208.[LIU H,CHEN YN,YANG X M.Monitor of ecological response along lower reaches of Tarim River based on remote sensing.Arid Land Geography,2007,30(2):203-208.]
[25]段含明,艾里西尔·库尔班,玉米提·哈力克,等.基于多时相CBERS/CCD数据的塔里木河下游植被变化.干旱区地理,2010,33(2):263-271.[DUAN H M,ALISHIR K,UMUT H,et al.Vegetation change based on temporal trajectory analysis with Multi-temporal CBERS/CCD data in the Lower Reaches.Arid Land Geography,2010,33(2):263-271.]
[26]刘桂林,艾里西尔·库尔班,玉米提·哈力克,等.基于变化轨迹探测的植被景观格局动态分析:以塔里木河下游生态输水区域为例.中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1472-1478.[LIU G L,ALISHIR K,UMUT H,et al.Analysis of vegetation landscape pattern dynamics based on trajectory change detection:A case study of ecological water transportation in the lower reaches of Tarim River.Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(5):1472-1478.]
[27]古丽·加帕尔,陈曦,马忠国,等.极端干旱区荒漠稀疏河岸林遥感分类研究.中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1153-1161.[GULI J,CHEN X,MA Z G,et al.Classification of sparse desert riparian forest in extreme arid region.Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(6):1153-1161.]
[28]CHEN X X,LEE V L,DON D.A simple and effective radiometric correction method to improve landscape change detection across sensors and across time.Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,98:63-79.