“后扶贫时代”的减贫治理:特征、困境与出路——基于山西省Q县Y乡的调研分析
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摘要
确保广大中西部贫困农村实现稳定脱贫,是衡量三年脱贫攻坚战效果的重要维度。推动精准脱贫转型,理清"后扶贫时代"减贫要素格局是关键,其不仅直接影响着帮扶措施的微观运行及其治理效果,而且关乎贫困地区如何定位未来发展。以山西省Q县Y乡建档立卡贫困村为典型案例,通过调研发现,过分依赖"公资源"、"共资源"内生不足、"私资源"参与缺位等直接影响贫困治理的有效性、持续性。"后扶贫时代"贫困治理出路应优化"公资源"制度性供给,发挥"公资源"自上而下联动脱贫的核心作用;培育内生"共资源",发挥"共资源"凝聚农村社区力量的辅助作用;调动"私资源"服务脱贫的效率优势,发挥"私资源"提升脱贫积极性的放大效应,以实现脱贫的可持续。
Ensuring sustained and stable poverty alleviation in the poor rural areas of the central and western regions is an important dimension to measure the effectiveness of The Three-year Struggle Against Poverty. To promote the transformation of precise poverty alleviation,it is crucial to clarify the pattern of poverty reduction factors in the "post-poverty alleviation era",which not only directly affects the micro-operation of support measures and their governance effect,but also concerns how to orient the future development of poverty-stricken areas.Taking apoverty-stricken village with a card set in Y Town,Q County,Shanxi Province,as a typical case,through research,it is found that the dependence on "public resources",endogenous deficiency of"common resources",and the lack of participation of"private resources"directly affect the effectiveness and sustainability of poverty management.In the post-poverty-alleviation era,in order to achieve sustainable poverty alleviation,we should optimize the institutional supply of"public resources"and play the core role of"public resources"in eliminating poverty through top-down linkage;cultivate endogenous"common resources"to play an auxiliary role of"common resources"in cohering the strength of rural communities;mobilize the efficiency advantages of "private resources"services in eliminating poverty,and give play to the amplification effect of"private resources"in enhancing the enthusiasm of eliminating poverty.
Ensuring sustained and stable poverty alleviation in the poor rural areas of the central and western regions is an important dimension to measure the effectiveness of The Three-year Struggle Against Poverty. To promote the transformation of precise poverty alleviation,it is crucial to clarify the pattern of poverty reduction factors in the "post-poverty alleviation era",which not only directly affects the micro-operation of support measures and their governance effect,but also concerns how to orient the future development of poverty-stricken areas.Taking apoverty-stricken village with a card set in Y Town,Q County,Shanxi Province,as a typical case,through research,it is found that the dependence on "public resources",endogenous deficiency of"common resources",and the lack of participation of"private resources"directly affect the effectiveness and sustainability of poverty management.In the post-poverty-alleviation era,in order to achieve sustainable poverty alleviation,we should optimize the institutional supply of"public resources"and play the core role of"public resources"in eliminating poverty through top-down linkage;cultivate endogenous"common resources"to play an auxiliary role of"common resources"in cohering the strength of rural communities;mobilize the efficiency advantages of "private resources"services in eliminating poverty,and give play to the amplification effect of"private resources"in enhancing the enthusiasm of eliminating poverty.
引文
[1]张厚安,徐勇.中国农村政治稳定与发展[M].武汉:武汉出版社,1995:12.
[2]我国精准扶贫实施五年来取得历史性成就[EB/OL].(2018-11-05)[2018-11-20].http://www.cpad.gov.cn/art/2018/11/5/art_61_90830.html.
[3]向德平,陈艾.连结生计方式与可行能力:连片特困地区减贫路径研究——以四川省甘孜藏族自治州的两个牧区村庄为个案[J].江汉论坛,2013(3):114-119.
[4]何仁伟,李光勤,刘运伟,等.基于可持续生计的精准扶贫分析方法及应用研究——以四川凉山彝族自治州为例[J].地理科学进展,2017(2):182-192.
[5]陆汉文.打好“三大攻坚战”/“精准脱贫机制创新”系列笔谈之二贫困退出机制完善的有效途径[J].改革,2017(10):55.
[6]凌经球.可持续脱贫:新时代中国农村贫困治理的一个分析框架[J].广西师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(2):97-111.
[7]费孝通.基层政权的僵化[M]//费孝通选集:第4卷.北京:群言出版社,1999:335-336.
[8]黄宗智.清代的法律、社会与文化:民法的表达与实践[M].上海:上海书店出版社,2007:90-91.
[9]杨国安.国家权力与民间秩序:多元视野下的明清两湖乡村社会史研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2012:403.
[10]向勇,张瑞文.精准扶贫的“最后一公里困境”及其解释——利益相关者的视角[J].甘肃理论学刊,2018(2):100-106.
[11]田原史起.日本视野中的中国农村精英:关系、团结、三农政治[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2012:6-7.
[12]波兰尼.巨变:当代政治与经济的起源[M].黄树民,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:115-129.
[13]张英英,张海东.论个案研究的代表性问题[J].济南大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):129-139.
[14]王向阳.乡村振兴战略背景下中西部留守型村庄的内生秩序与治理之道——基于鄂西D村的田野调查[J].湖北行政学院学报,2018(5):65-71.
[15]吴重庆.无主体熟人社会及社会重建[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:6.
[16]孙迎联.西部民族地区贫困空间解析[J].贵州民族研究,2018(8):30-34.
[17]左停,金菁,于乐荣.内生动力、益贫市场与政策保障:打好脱贫攻坚战实现“真脱贫”的路径框架[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(5):47-54.
(1)按照吉尔兹的观点,地方性知识(Local Knowledge)是指与本土区域中的种族(或民族)相关,从地方性实际状况(生活环境、生产条件、文化情景等)中得出的概括性原则或法律。
[2]我国精准扶贫实施五年来取得历史性成就[EB/OL].(2018-11-05)[2018-11-20].http://www.cpad.gov.cn/art/2018/11/5/art_61_90830.html.
[3]向德平,陈艾.连结生计方式与可行能力:连片特困地区减贫路径研究——以四川省甘孜藏族自治州的两个牧区村庄为个案[J].江汉论坛,2013(3):114-119.
[4]何仁伟,李光勤,刘运伟,等.基于可持续生计的精准扶贫分析方法及应用研究——以四川凉山彝族自治州为例[J].地理科学进展,2017(2):182-192.
[5]陆汉文.打好“三大攻坚战”/“精准脱贫机制创新”系列笔谈之二贫困退出机制完善的有效途径[J].改革,2017(10):55.
[6]凌经球.可持续脱贫:新时代中国农村贫困治理的一个分析框架[J].广西师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(2):97-111.
[7]费孝通.基层政权的僵化[M]//费孝通选集:第4卷.北京:群言出版社,1999:335-336.
[8]黄宗智.清代的法律、社会与文化:民法的表达与实践[M].上海:上海书店出版社,2007:90-91.
[9]杨国安.国家权力与民间秩序:多元视野下的明清两湖乡村社会史研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2012:403.
[10]向勇,张瑞文.精准扶贫的“最后一公里困境”及其解释——利益相关者的视角[J].甘肃理论学刊,2018(2):100-106.
[11]田原史起.日本视野中的中国农村精英:关系、团结、三农政治[M].济南:山东人民出版社,2012:6-7.
[12]波兰尼.巨变:当代政治与经济的起源[M].黄树民,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2013:115-129.
[13]张英英,张海东.论个案研究的代表性问题[J].济南大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):129-139.
[14]王向阳.乡村振兴战略背景下中西部留守型村庄的内生秩序与治理之道——基于鄂西D村的田野调查[J].湖北行政学院学报,2018(5):65-71.
[15]吴重庆.无主体熟人社会及社会重建[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2014:6.
[16]孙迎联.西部民族地区贫困空间解析[J].贵州民族研究,2018(8):30-34.
[17]左停,金菁,于乐荣.内生动力、益贫市场与政策保障:打好脱贫攻坚战实现“真脱贫”的路径框架[J].苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(5):47-54.
(1)按照吉尔兹的观点,地方性知识(Local Knowledge)是指与本土区域中的种族(或民族)相关,从地方性实际状况(生活环境、生产条件、文化情景等)中得出的概括性原则或法律。