施用木醋液甜瓜根系生长及根际土壤生物学性状与细菌多样性变化
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摘要
以盆栽甜瓜为研究对象,基于传统与现代分析技术,探究木醋液对于甜瓜根系生长、根际土壤生物学性状和细菌群落结构的影响,旨在开发木醋液作为液态肥料及土壤改良剂的可行性。结果表明,稀释600倍木醋液处理不仅显著促进甜瓜根系生长、显著提高甜瓜根际土壤中可培养微生物数量以及微生物生物量碳、氮、磷和涉及土壤碳、氮、磷循环相关酶的活性,而且有效地提高了甜瓜根际土壤细菌丰富度Chao 1指数和多样性Shannon指数;另一方面,门或属分类水平上,无论施用何种浓度的木醋液,其优势菌门与对照之间无显著差异,均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi);优势菌属均为Subgroup 6_no rank、Saccharibacteria、Gemmatimonadaceae(芽单胞菌属)、Sphingomonas(鞘脂单胞菌属)、Soil Crenarchaeotic Group、Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属)、Rhodospirillaceae(红螺菌属)、Roseiflexus(玫瑰弯菌属)、Lactococcus(乳球菌属)和Acidimicrobiales。施用木醋液没有改变甜瓜根际土壤中细菌优势菌门或菌属的组成,但稀释300倍或600倍木醋液更有利于甜瓜根际土壤形成细菌群落结构更为多样的微环境。综合甜瓜根系生长及指示根际土壤肥力指标的生物学性状,施用稀释600倍木醋液更有助于促进甜瓜生长、提高甜瓜根际微环境的土壤肥力和抵御土传病害的能力。
To develop a new liquid fertilizer and soil conditioner with wood vinegar, the effects of wood vinegar on the root growth, soil biological properties and soil bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of muskmelon were conducted with pot culture using traditional and modern analyzed techniques. The results showed that the root growth, soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass(C, N, P) were not only significantly improved, the richness and diversity indexes, which including Chao1 and Shannon, were also increased after using 600 times dilution of wood vinegar. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi were the most abundant under phyla level, and Subgroup 6_no rank, Saccharibacteria, Gemmatimonadaceae, Sphingomonas, Soil Crenarchaeotic Group, Bacillus, Rhodospirillaceae, Roseiflexus, Lactococcus and Acidimicrobiales were the dominant genus under genus level both in CK and wood vinegar treatments. It meant that the soil bacterial community was not changed using different dilutions of wood vinegar.Moreover, higher diversity of bacteria, rapid growth of root and more favorable soil biological properties in the rhizosphere of muskmelon by fertilizing with 600 times dilution of wood vinegar.
To develop a new liquid fertilizer and soil conditioner with wood vinegar, the effects of wood vinegar on the root growth, soil biological properties and soil bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of muskmelon were conducted with pot culture using traditional and modern analyzed techniques. The results showed that the root growth, soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass(C, N, P) were not only significantly improved, the richness and diversity indexes, which including Chao1 and Shannon, were also increased after using 600 times dilution of wood vinegar. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi were the most abundant under phyla level, and Subgroup 6_no rank, Saccharibacteria, Gemmatimonadaceae, Sphingomonas, Soil Crenarchaeotic Group, Bacillus, Rhodospirillaceae, Roseiflexus, Lactococcus and Acidimicrobiales were the dominant genus under genus level both in CK and wood vinegar treatments. It meant that the soil bacterial community was not changed using different dilutions of wood vinegar.Moreover, higher diversity of bacteria, rapid growth of root and more favorable soil biological properties in the rhizosphere of muskmelon by fertilizing with 600 times dilution of wood vinegar.
引文
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[22]郜天磊,邱凌,潘君廷,等.沼液与木醋液浸种对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(11):1608-1614.
[23]韦强,杜相革,曲再红.竹醋液对黄瓜生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(7):411-414.
[24]邹小明,刘强,肖春玲,等.竹醋液对土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2010,41(1):64-67.
[25]Ahamadou B,Huang Q,Chen W,et al.Microcalorimetric assessment of microbial activity in long-term fertilization experimental soils of Southern China[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2009,70(2):186-195.
[26]曲再红,杜相革.土壤改良剂与土壤微生物、番茄早疫病及白粉虱相互关系研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[27]Grice E A,Kong H H,Conlan S,et al.Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome[J].Science,2009,324(5931):1190-1192.
[2]陆宇明,梁盛凯,莫良玉,等.广西西瓜甜瓜产业经济发展研究[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(6):1045-1050.
[3]李文信,李天艳,覃斯华,等.广西厚皮甜瓜发展前景及对策[J].中国瓜菜,2011,24(1):41-44.
[4]程虎,王紫泉,周琨,等.木醋液对碱性土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(2):696-701.
[5]曾婕,海梅荣,王晓会.木醋液对有机烟草产质量及病害的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(7):162-167.
[6]胡春花,武闻权,汪鹏飞.木醋液及炭醋肥对设施土壤微生物数量及相关性的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(4):815-820.
[7]张立华,王丹,宫文哲,等.枣核木醋液的化学成分及抑菌活性[J].食品科学,2016,37(14):123-127.
[8]Hagner M,Penttinen O P,Tiilikkala K,et al.The effects of biochar wood vinegar and plants on glyphosateleaching and degradation[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,58-69.
[9]平安.木醋液在农业上的应用及作用机理研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010.
[10]卢辛成,蒋剑春,孙康,等.木醋液的制备,精制与应用研究进展[J].林产化学与工业,2017,37(3):21-30.
[11]潘洋.木醋液在农业生产中的应用研究进展[J].现代园艺,2017(21):34.
[12]秦军,段海涛,王新军.木醋液对设施蔬菜生长调节效果研究[J].农业与技术,2016,36(16):11-12.
[13]李文信,黄金艳,覃斯华,等.桂粤地区西瓜甜瓜生产现状存在的问题及其对策[J].中国瓜菜,2009(2):50-51.
[14]高雪莲,邓开英,张鹏,等.不同生物有机肥对甜瓜土传枯萎病防治效果及对根际土壤微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(6):55-60.
[15]Wang M B,Qiang Z.Issues in using the WinRHIZO system to determine physical characteristics of plant fine roots[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(2):136-138.
[16]杨尚东,吴俊,赵久成,等.番茄青枯病罹病植株和健康植株根际土壤理化性状及生物学特性的比较[J].中国蔬菜,2013(22):64-69.
[17]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原则与方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010:24-85.
[18]郑丽,樊剑波,何园球,等.不同供磷水平对旱作条件下水稻生长,根系形态和养分吸收的影响[J].土壤,2015,4:664-669.
[19]朱晓琛,张汉马,南文斌.脱落酸调控植物根系生长发育的研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(7):1123-1130.
[20]韩配配,秦璐,李银水,等.不同营养元素缺乏对甘蓝型油菜苗期生长和根系形态的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(1):88-97.
[21]李忠徽,王旭东.灌施木醋液对土壤性质和植物生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(2):510-516.
[22]郜天磊,邱凌,潘君廷,等.沼液与木醋液浸种对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(11):1608-1614.
[23]韦强,杜相革,曲再红.竹醋液对黄瓜生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(7):411-414.
[24]邹小明,刘强,肖春玲,等.竹醋液对土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2010,41(1):64-67.
[25]Ahamadou B,Huang Q,Chen W,et al.Microcalorimetric assessment of microbial activity in long-term fertilization experimental soils of Southern China[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2009,70(2):186-195.
[26]曲再红,杜相革.土壤改良剂与土壤微生物、番茄早疫病及白粉虱相互关系研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.
[27]Grice E A,Kong H H,Conlan S,et al.Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome[J].Science,2009,324(5931):1190-1192.