基于全极化的相参雷达迁飞昆虫观测
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摘要
昆虫雷达是迁飞昆虫监测的重要工具。传统昆虫雷达是非相参体制,距离分辨率低,采用旋转极化方式,测量效率低。本文介绍了一种基于全极化的相参雷达系统,该系统工作在Ku频段,采用同时全极化体制,可同时测量目标HH、HV、VH、VV极化回波,采用调频步进频波形,合成信号带宽800 MHz,距离分辨率高达0.2 m。雷达采用单目标校准技术,利用金属球和倾斜的金属丝作为定标体进行极化校准;采用基于散射矩阵的昆虫朝向提取方法,从昆虫主特征值向量中提取朝向;采用基于相位调制的振翅频率提取方法,通过对目标振翅回波的相位进行傅里叶分析提取昆虫振翅频率。通过外场实验,验证了雷达极化校准的有效性以及测量昆虫朝向和振翅频率的能力。
The entomological radar is an important tool for migration insect observation. The traditional entomological radars are rotation polarization non-coherent radars with low range resolution. This paper introduced a fully polarimetric coherent radar that worked at Ku-band and employed the instantaneous full polarization that was able to instantaneously measure the HH, HV, VH and VV polarization signal of the target. It employed the frequency modulation step frequency waveform configuration, and its synthetic bandwidth was 800 MHz. The range resolution of the radar was 0.2 m. Based on the single target calibration technique, the radar measured the scattering matrix(SM) of a metal ball and a tilt metal line for radar polarization calibration. The insect orientation can be extracted from the main eigenvector of the SM based on the SM-based insect orientation estimation method. The phase modulation-based insect wing-beat frequency extraction method was applied for wing-beat frequency measurement. The field experiments were conducted, which validated the effectiveness of the polarization calibration and the orientation and wing-beat frequency measurement abilities of the radar.
The entomological radar is an important tool for migration insect observation. The traditional entomological radars are rotation polarization non-coherent radars with low range resolution. This paper introduced a fully polarimetric coherent radar that worked at Ku-band and employed the instantaneous full polarization that was able to instantaneously measure the HH, HV, VH and VV polarization signal of the target. It employed the frequency modulation step frequency waveform configuration, and its synthetic bandwidth was 800 MHz. The range resolution of the radar was 0.2 m. Based on the single target calibration technique, the radar measured the scattering matrix(SM) of a metal ball and a tilt metal line for radar polarization calibration. The insect orientation can be extracted from the main eigenvector of the SM based on the SM-based insect orientation estimation method. The phase modulation-based insect wing-beat frequency extraction method was applied for wing-beat frequency measurement. The field experiments were conducted, which validated the effectiveness of the polarization calibration and the orientation and wing-beat frequency measurement abilities of the radar.
引文
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[14] 刘勇,梁伟,周宏潮,等.雷达目标一维全极化特征提取方法[J].信号处理,2014,30(5):544-552.Liu Yong,Liang Wei,Zhou Hongchao,et al.One-dimensional Fully Polarimetric Characteristic Extraction Method of Radar[J].Journal of Signal Processing,2014,30(5):544-552.(in Chinese)
[15] Sarabandi K,Ulaby F T.A convenient technique for polarimetric calibration of single-antenna radar systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1990,28(6):1022-1033.
[16] Hu Cheng,Li Weidong,Wang Rui,et al.Accurate insect orientation extraction based on polarization scattering matrix estimation[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2017,14(10):1755-1759.
[17] Wang Rui,Hu Cheng,Fu Xiaowei,et al.Micro-Doppler measurement of insect wing-beat frequencies with W-band coherent radar[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):1396.
[2] Schaefer G W.Radar studies of locust,moth and butterfly migration in the Sahara[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,1969,C34:39- 40.
[3] Riley J R.Radar observations of individual desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.)(Orthoptera:Locustidae))[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,1974,64:19-32.
[4] Drake V A,Farrow R A.The influence of atmospheric structure and motions on insect migration[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1988,33:183-210.
[5] Reynolds D R,Riley J R.Radar observations of concentrations of insects above a river in Mali,West Africa[J].Ecological Entomology,1979,4(2):161-174.
[6] Riley J R,Reynolds D R.Radar-based studies of the migratory flight of grasshoppers in the middle Niger area of Mali[J].Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci,1979,204(1154):67- 82.
[7] Bent G A.Developments in detection of airborne aphids with radar[C]//1984 British Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases,1984:665- 674.
[8] Riley J,Reynolds D.Radar monitoring of locusts and other migratory insects[J].Tropical Agriculture,1993.
[9] Hu Gao,Lim K S,Horvitz N,et al.Mass seasonal bioflows of high-flying insect migrants[J].Science,2016,354(6319):1584-1587.
[10] Hu Cheng,Li Wenqing,Wang Rui,et al.Insect flight speed estimation analysis based on a full-polarization radar[J].Science China Information Sciences,2018,61(10):109306.
[11] 刘勇,李永祯,王雪松,等.基于正交互补序列的瞬时极化测量编码波形设计[J].信号处理,2009,25(9):1353-1359.Liu Yong,Li Yongzhen,Wang Xuesong,et al.The coding Waveform design for instantaneous polarization measurement based on orthogonal complementary sequences[J].Signal Processing,2009,25(9):1353-1359.(in Chinese)
[12] Hu Cheng,Li Weidong,Wang Rui,et al.Accurate Insect Body Length Extraction Based on the Invariant Target Parameters[C]//2018 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM).IEEE,2018:1-3.
[13] 韩萍,陈丽丽.基于极化交叉熵和 Yamaguchi 分解的飞机目标检测方法[J].信号处理,2017,33(3):389-396.Han Ping,Chen Lili.Airplane Detection Algorithm of Polarimetric SAR Image Based on Polarimetric Cross Entropy and Yamaguchi Decomposition[J].Journal of Signal Processing,2017,33(3):389-396.(in Chinese)
[14] 刘勇,梁伟,周宏潮,等.雷达目标一维全极化特征提取方法[J].信号处理,2014,30(5):544-552.Liu Yong,Liang Wei,Zhou Hongchao,et al.One-dimensional Fully Polarimetric Characteristic Extraction Method of Radar[J].Journal of Signal Processing,2014,30(5):544-552.(in Chinese)
[15] Sarabandi K,Ulaby F T.A convenient technique for polarimetric calibration of single-antenna radar systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1990,28(6):1022-1033.
[16] Hu Cheng,Li Weidong,Wang Rui,et al.Accurate insect orientation extraction based on polarization scattering matrix estimation[J].IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters,2017,14(10):1755-1759.
[17] Wang Rui,Hu Cheng,Fu Xiaowei,et al.Micro-Doppler measurement of insect wing-beat frequencies with W-band coherent radar[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):1396.