无锡市城区降雨特征对径流污染的影响分析
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摘要
选择无锡市沈巷小区、广丰三村、槐古豪庭三个经过雨污分流改造的排水区(以下简称"排水达标区")作为研究区域,对2014年7月1日至9月23日13次降雨事件中研究区域的降雨径流排水过程进行水质水量同步监测,分析了无锡城区主要地表径流污染物类型,比较了降雨特征(降雨历时、降雨量、降雨强度和前期累计晴天)与污染物次径流平均浓度EMC的相关性大小,选取典型降雨事件,研究了降雨径流初期冲刷效应。结果分析表明:虽然排水达标区已经完成雨污分流改造工程,但降雨径流污染仍然很严重,主要污染物为COD、NH3-N、TP;降雨强度与EMC有显著的正相关关系,其余降雨特征与EMC的相关性不明显;降雨初期的降雨强度对初期冲刷效应的影响较大,降雨初期雨强大,则初期冲刷效应明显。
The three residential quarters of Shenxiang, Guangfeng and Huaiguhaoting in Wuxi City were selected as the research areas,and water quality and quantity were synchronously monitored for the runoff drainage processes of 13 different rainfall events between 1st July and 23 th September, 2014.This paper analyzed the main surface runoff pollutants in the urban areas of Wuxi, and compared the correlations between rainfall characteristics and event mean concentration of pollutants. The initial flush effect was also studied on typical rainfall events. The results indicate that surface runoff pollution is still serious despite the reconstruction project of rain and sewage diversion has been accomplished in the selected areas, and the main pollutants include COD、NH3-N and TP. Besides, the EMC has a significant positive correlation with rainfall density while it has not obvious correlation with other characteristics. In addition, the density in the early stage of rainfall affects greatly on initial flush effect.
The three residential quarters of Shenxiang, Guangfeng and Huaiguhaoting in Wuxi City were selected as the research areas,and water quality and quantity were synchronously monitored for the runoff drainage processes of 13 different rainfall events between 1st July and 23 th September, 2014.This paper analyzed the main surface runoff pollutants in the urban areas of Wuxi, and compared the correlations between rainfall characteristics and event mean concentration of pollutants. The initial flush effect was also studied on typical rainfall events. The results indicate that surface runoff pollution is still serious despite the reconstruction project of rain and sewage diversion has been accomplished in the selected areas, and the main pollutants include COD、NH3-N and TP. Besides, the EMC has a significant positive correlation with rainfall density while it has not obvious correlation with other characteristics. In addition, the density in the early stage of rainfall affects greatly on initial flush effect.
引文
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[10]曹丹丹,李栗,陈干.浅析城市地表径流污染与控制[J].化工管理,2012(s1):43.(CAO Dandan,LI Li,CHEN Gan.Analysis on pollution and control of urban surface runoff[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2012(s1):43.(in Chinese))
[11]Larsen T,Broch K,Andersen M R.First flush effects in an urban catchment area in Aalborg[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(1):251-257.
[12]Geiger W.Flushing effects in combined sewer systems[A].In proc.4thInt.Conf.on Urban Storm Drainage[C].Lausanne,Switzerland,1987,40-46.
[13]GB50014-2006.室外排水设计规范[S].(GB50014-2006.Code for Design of Outdoor Wastewater Engineering[S].(in Chinese))
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[15]陈克勤,乔丽巍.关于区域综合径流系数计算及标准值的评价[J].黑龙江科技信息,2003(02):74.(CHEN Keqin,QIAO Liwei.Calculation of regional integrated runoff coefficient and evaluation of standard values[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2003(02):74.(in Chinese))
[16]李立青,尹澄清,孔玲莉,等.2次降雨间隔时间对城市地表径流污染负荷的影响[J].环境科学,2007(10):2287-2293.(LI Liqing,YINChengqing,KONG Lingli,et al.Effect of antecedent dry weather period on urban storm runoff pollution load[J].Envionmental Science,2007(10):2287-2293.(in Chinese))
[2]Legret M,Pagotto C.Evaluation of pollutant loading in the runoff waters from a major rural highway[J].Science of the Total Environment,1999,235:143-150
[3]车武,刘燕,李俊奇.北京城区面源污染特征及其控制对策[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2002(04):5-9.(CHE Wu,LIU Yan,LI Junqi.Characteristics of urban non-point pollution and control strategies in Beijing[J].Journal of Beijing Institution of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2002(04):5-9.(in Chinese))
[4]汪慧贞,李宪法.北京城区雨水径流的污染及控制[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002(02):16-18.(WANG Huizhen,LI Xianfa.Pollution of runoff from Beijing urban area and its control[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2002(02):16-18.(in Chinese))
[5]王和意.上海城市降雨径流污染过程及管理措施研究[D].华东师范大学,2005.(WANG Heyi.Pollution Processed and Management Researches on Urban Rainfall Runoff in Shanghai[D].East China Normal University,2005.(in Chinese))
[6]谷雨,张乃明.昆明主城区城市地表径流污染特征分析[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(07):2587-2595.(GU Yu,ZHANG Naiming.Characterization of urban surface runoff in main districts of Kunming[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(07):2587-2595.(in Chinese))
[7]Mulan Zhang,Hao Chen,Jizhen Wang,et al.Rainwater utilization and storm pollution control based on urban runoff characterization[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(1):40-46.
[8]张千千,李向全,王效科,等.城市路面降雨径流污染特征及源解析的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(02):352-358.(ZHANG Qianqian,LI Xiangquan,WANG Xiaoke,et al.Research advance in the characterization and source apportionment of pollutants in urban roadway runoff[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,,2014,23(02):352-358.(in Chinese))
[9]庄景,罗海琳,雷禹.基于雨型的南方城市道路降雨径流污染负荷分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(02):110-114.(ZHUANG Jing,LUO Hailin,LEI Yu.Analysis of road runoff pollution load at Southern City based on the type of rainfall[J].Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering,2017,28(02):110-114.(in Chinese))
[10]曹丹丹,李栗,陈干.浅析城市地表径流污染与控制[J].化工管理,2012(s1):43.(CAO Dandan,LI Li,CHEN Gan.Analysis on pollution and control of urban surface runoff[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2012(s1):43.(in Chinese))
[11]Larsen T,Broch K,Andersen M R.First flush effects in an urban catchment area in Aalborg[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(1):251-257.
[12]Geiger W.Flushing effects in combined sewer systems[A].In proc.4thInt.Conf.on Urban Storm Drainage[C].Lausanne,Switzerland,1987,40-46.
[13]GB50014-2006.室外排水设计规范[S].(GB50014-2006.Code for Design of Outdoor Wastewater Engineering[S].(in Chinese))
[14]叶镇,刘鑫华,胡大明,等.区域综合径流系数的计算及其结果评价[J].中国市政工程,1994(4):43-45.(YE Zhen,LIU Xinhua,HUDaming,et al.Calculation and result evaluation of regional integrated runoff coefficient[J].China Municipal Engineering,1994(4):43-45.(in Chinese))
[15]陈克勤,乔丽巍.关于区域综合径流系数计算及标准值的评价[J].黑龙江科技信息,2003(02):74.(CHEN Keqin,QIAO Liwei.Calculation of regional integrated runoff coefficient and evaluation of standard values[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2003(02):74.(in Chinese))
[16]李立青,尹澄清,孔玲莉,等.2次降雨间隔时间对城市地表径流污染负荷的影响[J].环境科学,2007(10):2287-2293.(LI Liqing,YINChengqing,KONG Lingli,et al.Effect of antecedent dry weather period on urban storm runoff pollution load[J].Envionmental Science,2007(10):2287-2293.(in Chinese))