印加孔雀草入侵生态风险评估及其管理措施
|
摘要
【目的】印加孔雀草为菊科一年生草本植物,原产南美洲,现已在我国多个地区发现,局部呈现生态危害。分析印加孔雀草生态适应性特点,可以有针对地提出其风险指标体系和判断标准,确定其危险级别。【方法】对印加孔雀草的分布、危害情况及生物学特性进行调查,定性分析其生态适应性特点,定量分析评估其生态风险,确定其危险级别。【结果】根据风险指标体系准则层的赋值,其中入侵性R_1为83,适应性R_2为88,扩散性R_3为65,危害性R_4为84,计算得出印加孔雀草风险值(R)=80>61,属于具有危害性和侵入性的物种。【结论】印加孔雀草为具有危害性和侵入性的物种,应严格禁止引入。由于该植物已经传入我国,应采取必要的应急措施,开展检疫、监测和灭除,防止其传入其他还未发生的地区。
【Aim】 Tagetes minuta L. is an annual alien plant introduced from South America to many areas of China, and is currently causing ecological damage. The aim of this paper was to analyze the ecological adaptive characteristics of T. minuta and propose the risk index system to determine its risk level. 【Method】 The distribution, level of hazard and biological characteristics of T. minuta were investigated. The ecological adaptability of T. minuta was qualitatively analyzed, and the ecological risk was quantitatively analyzed. 【Result】 The risk value of T. minuta was R=80>61 according to the evaluation of the risk indicator system(R_1=83, R_2=88, R_3=65, R_4=84), indicating that T. minuta was agressive invasive species. 【Conclusion】 T. minuta should be strictly prohibited. Since T. minuta has been disseminated to China, it′s necessary to carry out emergency measures to quarantine, monitor and eradicate, and prevent its spread into other areas of China.
【Aim】 Tagetes minuta L. is an annual alien plant introduced from South America to many areas of China, and is currently causing ecological damage. The aim of this paper was to analyze the ecological adaptive characteristics of T. minuta and propose the risk index system to determine its risk level. 【Method】 The distribution, level of hazard and biological characteristics of T. minuta were investigated. The ecological adaptability of T. minuta was qualitatively analyzed, and the ecological risk was quantitatively analyzed. 【Result】 The risk value of T. minuta was R=80>61 according to the evaluation of the risk indicator system(R_1=83, R_2=88, R_3=65, R_4=84), indicating that T. minuta was agressive invasive species. 【Conclusion】 T. minuta should be strictly prohibited. Since T. minuta has been disseminated to China, it′s necessary to carry out emergency measures to quarantine, monitor and eradicate, and prevent its spread into other areas of China.
引文
丁晖, 石碧清, 徐海根, 2006. 外来物种风险评估指标体系和评估方法. 生态与农村环境学报, 22(2): 92-96.
董振国, 刘启新, 胡君, 邓懋彬, 熊豫宁, 2013. 中国大陆归化植物新记录. 广西植物, 33(3): 432-434.
贺士元, 1992. 北京植物志(上卷). 北京: 科学出版社.
许敏, 扎西次仁, 2015. 青藏高原一新归化种. 广西植物, 35(4): 554-555.
张国良, 付卫东, 孙玉芳, 王忠辉, 张瑞海, 2018. 外来入侵物种监测与控制. 北京: 中国农业出版社.
张劲林, 吕玉峰, 边勇, 刘若思, 江璐, 2014. 中国境内(内地)一种新的入侵植物——印加孔雀草. 植物检疫, 28(2): 65-67.
ARORA K, 2015. Allelopathic potential of the essential oil of wild marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) against some invasive weeds. Journal of Agricultural Food & Environmental Sciences, 3: 56-60.
ARORA K, BATISH D, SINGH H P, KOHLI R K, 2016. Comparative account of allelopathic potential of essential oil of Tagetes minuta L. and its major component cis-β-Ocimene. Annals of Plant Sciences, 5(9): 1428.
GREEN D H, 1963. Further simple experiments on the greenhouse germination of some east African weed species. Pest Articles & News Summaries, 9(1): 43-46.
DREWES F E, VAN STADEN J, 1990. Germination of Tagetes minuta L. Ⅱ. Role of gibberellins. Plant Growth Regulation, 9(4): 285-291.
FORSYTH C, STADEN J V, 1983. Germination of Tagetes minuta L. Ⅰ. Temperature effects. Annals of Botany, 52(5): 659-666.
HETHELYI E, DANOS B, TETENYI P, KOCZKA I, 1986. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils of four tagetes species and the anti-microbial activity of Tagetes minuta. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1(4/5): 169-173.
HULINA N, 2008. Wild marigold — Tagetes minuta L. new weed on the island of Hvar, and new contribution to the knowledge of its distribution in Dalmatia (Croatia). Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 73(1): 1036-1048.
KIL J H, SHIM K C, 2006. Allelopathic effects of Tagetes minuta L. and Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. aqueous extracts on seedling growth of some plants. Allelopathy Journal, 18(2): 315-321.
LóPEZ M L, BONZANI N E, ZYGADLO J A, 2008. Allelopathic potential of Tagetes minuta terpenes by a chemical, anatomical and phytotoxic approach. Biochemical Systematics & Ecology, 36(12): 882-890.
MASSUH Y, CRUZ-ESTRADA A, GONZáLEZ-COLOMA A, OJEDA M S, ZYGADLO J A, ANDRéS M F, 2017. Nematicidal activity of the essential oil of three varieties of Tagetes minuta from Argentina. Natural Product Communications, 12(5): 705-707.
NAQINEZHAD A, MEHRVARZ S S, 2007. Some new records for Iran and Flora Iranica area collected from Boujagh National Park, N. Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 13(2): 112-119.
SADIA S, KHALID S, QURESHI R, Bajwa A A, 2013. Tagetes minuta L. a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 19(2): 179-189.
SENATORE F, NAPOLITANO F, MOHAMED M A H, HARRIS, P J C, MNKENI, P N S, HENDERSON, J, 2004. Antibacterial activity of Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with different chemical composition. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 19(6): 574-578.
SINGH V, KAUL V K, 2003. Domestication of wild marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) as a potential economic crop in Western Himalaya and North Indian plains. Economic Botany, 57(4): 535-544.
WANG C M, CHEN C H, 2006. Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), a newly naturalized plant in Taiwan. Taiwania, 51(1): 32-35.
WANJALA C W, WANZALA W, 2016. Tagetes (Tagetes minuta) oils//PREEDY V R. Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety. Pittsburgh: Academic Press: 791-802.
董振国, 刘启新, 胡君, 邓懋彬, 熊豫宁, 2013. 中国大陆归化植物新记录. 广西植物, 33(3): 432-434.
贺士元, 1992. 北京植物志(上卷). 北京: 科学出版社.
许敏, 扎西次仁, 2015. 青藏高原一新归化种. 广西植物, 35(4): 554-555.
张国良, 付卫东, 孙玉芳, 王忠辉, 张瑞海, 2018. 外来入侵物种监测与控制. 北京: 中国农业出版社.
张劲林, 吕玉峰, 边勇, 刘若思, 江璐, 2014. 中国境内(内地)一种新的入侵植物——印加孔雀草. 植物检疫, 28(2): 65-67.
ARORA K, 2015. Allelopathic potential of the essential oil of wild marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) against some invasive weeds. Journal of Agricultural Food & Environmental Sciences, 3: 56-60.
ARORA K, BATISH D, SINGH H P, KOHLI R K, 2016. Comparative account of allelopathic potential of essential oil of Tagetes minuta L. and its major component cis-β-Ocimene. Annals of Plant Sciences, 5(9): 1428.
GREEN D H, 1963. Further simple experiments on the greenhouse germination of some east African weed species. Pest Articles & News Summaries, 9(1): 43-46.
DREWES F E, VAN STADEN J, 1990. Germination of Tagetes minuta L. Ⅱ. Role of gibberellins. Plant Growth Regulation, 9(4): 285-291.
FORSYTH C, STADEN J V, 1983. Germination of Tagetes minuta L. Ⅰ. Temperature effects. Annals of Botany, 52(5): 659-666.
HETHELYI E, DANOS B, TETENYI P, KOCZKA I, 1986. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils of four tagetes species and the anti-microbial activity of Tagetes minuta. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1(4/5): 169-173.
HULINA N, 2008. Wild marigold — Tagetes minuta L. new weed on the island of Hvar, and new contribution to the knowledge of its distribution in Dalmatia (Croatia). Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 73(1): 1036-1048.
KIL J H, SHIM K C, 2006. Allelopathic effects of Tagetes minuta L. and Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. aqueous extracts on seedling growth of some plants. Allelopathy Journal, 18(2): 315-321.
LóPEZ M L, BONZANI N E, ZYGADLO J A, 2008. Allelopathic potential of Tagetes minuta terpenes by a chemical, anatomical and phytotoxic approach. Biochemical Systematics & Ecology, 36(12): 882-890.
MASSUH Y, CRUZ-ESTRADA A, GONZáLEZ-COLOMA A, OJEDA M S, ZYGADLO J A, ANDRéS M F, 2017. Nematicidal activity of the essential oil of three varieties of Tagetes minuta from Argentina. Natural Product Communications, 12(5): 705-707.
NAQINEZHAD A, MEHRVARZ S S, 2007. Some new records for Iran and Flora Iranica area collected from Boujagh National Park, N. Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 13(2): 112-119.
SADIA S, KHALID S, QURESHI R, Bajwa A A, 2013. Tagetes minuta L. a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 19(2): 179-189.
SENATORE F, NAPOLITANO F, MOHAMED M A H, HARRIS, P J C, MNKENI, P N S, HENDERSON, J, 2004. Antibacterial activity of Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with different chemical composition. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 19(6): 574-578.
SINGH V, KAUL V K, 2003. Domestication of wild marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) as a potential economic crop in Western Himalaya and North Indian plains. Economic Botany, 57(4): 535-544.
WANG C M, CHEN C H, 2006. Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), a newly naturalized plant in Taiwan. Taiwania, 51(1): 32-35.
WANJALA C W, WANZALA W, 2016. Tagetes (Tagetes minuta) oils//PREEDY V R. Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety. Pittsburgh: Academic Press: 791-802.