虹鳟和硬头鳟幼鱼对温度的耐受性
|
摘要
利用黄海冷水团进行鲑鳟鱼类养殖,养殖种类的选择极其重要。本实验分别选取了体重2～120g陆封型虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和洄游型硬头鳟(O.mykiss),以14℃为起始水温,以1℃/24h的速率分别升温和降温,从而获得两类鱼的高温临界温度和低温停食温度。研究显示,虹鳟和硬头鳟的高温临界温度和低温停食温度受其生态类型、体重及二者交互作用的影响显著;虹鳟和硬头鳟的高温临界温度和停食温度均在体重2g时最高,并随体重增加逐渐降低;虹鳟的最高临界温度显著高于硬头鳟,而停食温度显著低于硬头鳟。研究结果表明,虹鳟与硬头鳟的温度耐受范围重叠,但前者的温度耐受范围宽于后者。
The selection of cultured species is of great importance in salmon farming in cold water mass of Yellow Sea.In this experiment,the critical thermal maximum and the stop feeding temperature of landlocked rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)and migration-type steelhead trout(O.mykiss)(2～120 g in body weight)were studied by changing the water temperature from 14℃at a rate of 1 ℃/24 h.The results showed that the critical thermal maximum and the stop feeding temperature were significantly affected by fish types and body weight and their interaction.The critical thermal maximum and stop feeding temperature of the two types of fish were the highest at 2 g,and gradually decreased with the increase of weight.The critical thermal maximum of rainbow trout was significantly higher than that of steelhead trout while the stop feeding temperature was significantly lower than that of steelhead trout.The results indicated that the temperature tolerance range of the rainbow trout overlaps with the steelhead trout,but the temperature tolerance range of the former is wider than that of the latter.
The selection of cultured species is of great importance in salmon farming in cold water mass of Yellow Sea.In this experiment,the critical thermal maximum and the stop feeding temperature of landlocked rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)and migration-type steelhead trout(O.mykiss)(2～120 g in body weight)were studied by changing the water temperature from 14℃at a rate of 1 ℃/24 h.The results showed that the critical thermal maximum and the stop feeding temperature were significantly affected by fish types and body weight and their interaction.The critical thermal maximum and stop feeding temperature of the two types of fish were the highest at 2 g,and gradually decreased with the increase of weight.The critical thermal maximum of rainbow trout was significantly higher than that of steelhead trout while the stop feeding temperature was significantly lower than that of steelhead trout.The results indicated that the temperature tolerance range of the rainbow trout overlaps with the steelhead trout,but the temperature tolerance range of the former is wider than that of the latter.
引文
[1] Needham P R,Behnke R J.The origin of hatchery rainbow trout[J].The Progressive Fish-Culturist,1962,24(4):156-158.
[2] Ewing R D,Barratt D,Garlock D.Physiological changes related to migration tendency in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,1994,121(1-3):277-287.
[3] Austreng E,Storebakken T,sgrd T.Growth rate estimates for cultured Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout[J].Aquaculture,1987,60(2):157-160.
[4]陈力,吴彦,寇景莲,等.硬头鳟生物学特性初探[J].河北渔业,2016(1):5-8.Chen L,Wu Y,Kou J L.Preliminary study on biological characteristics of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Hebei Fishery,2016(1):5-8.
[5] Brett J R.Energetic responses of salmon to temperature:A study of some thermal relations in the physiology and freshwater ecology of sockeye salmon(Oncorhynchus nerkd)[J].American Zoologist,1971,11(1):99-113.
[6] Pepin P.Effect of temperature and size on development,mortality,and survival rates of the pelagic early life history stages of marine fish[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1991,48(3):503-518.
[7] Shaklee J B,Christiansen J A,Sidell B D,et al.Molecular aspects of temperature acclimation in fish:contributions of changes in enzyme activities and isozyme patterns to metabolic reorganization in the green sunfish[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,1977,201(1):1-20.
[8] Fonds M,Cronie R,Vethaak A D,et al.Metabolism,food consumption and growth of plaice(Pleuronectes platessa)and flounder(Platichthys flesus)in relation to fish size and temperature[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1992,29(1-3):127-143.
[9] Afonso L O B,Hosoya S,Osborne J,et al.Lack of glucose and hsp70responses in haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus subjected to handling and heat shock[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2008,72:157-167.
[10] Dominguez M,Takemura A,Tsuchiya M,et al.Impact of different environmental factors on the circulating immunoglobulin levels in the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Aquaculture,2004,241:491-500.
[11] Tromp J J,Jones P L,Symonds J E,et al.Effects of commercial diets and temperature on the growth performance and stress response of hapuku(Polyprion oxygeneios)[J].Aquaculture,2016,452:128-133.
[12] Beitinger T L,Bennett W A,McCauley R W.Temperature tolerances of North American freshwater fishes exposed to dynamic changes in temperature[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,58(3):237-275.
[13] Bennett W A,Beitinger T L.Temperature tolerance of the sheepshead minnow(Cyprinodon variegatus)[J].Copeia,1997(1):77-87.
[14] Lutterschmidt W I,Hutchison V H.The critical thermal maximum:Data to support the onset of spasms as the definitive end point[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1997,75(10):1553-1560.
[15] Kilgour D M,McCauley R W.Reconciling the two methods of measuring upper lethal temperatures in fishes[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1986,17(4):281-290.
[16] Bennett W A,Judd F W.Comparison of methods for determining low temperature tolerance:Experiments with pinfish(Lagodon rhomboides)[J].Copeia,1992(4):1059-1065.
[17] Lowe C H,Vance V J.Acclimation of the critical thermal maximum of the reptile Urosaurus Ornatus[J].Science,1955,122(3158):73-74.
[18]Hutchison V H.Critical thermal maxima in salamanders[J].Physiological Zoology,1961,34(2):92-125.
[19]向祥.中华鳑鲏的热耐受特征[J].科学咨询(科技·管理),2015(9):38-39.Xiang X. Heat tolerance characteristics of Chinese sturgeon(Rhodeus sinensis Günther)[J].Scientific Consulting(Technology Management),2015(9):38-39.
[20] Zhang Y,Kieffer J D.Critical thermal maximum(CTmax)and hematology of shortnose sturgeons(Acipenser brevirostrum)acclimated to three temperatures[J].Revue Canadienne De Zoologie,2014,92(3):215-221.
[21] Elliott J M,Elliott J A.The effect of the rate of temperature increase on the critical thermal maximum for parr of Atlantic salmon and brown trout[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1995,47(5):917-919.
[22] Zar J H.Biostatiscal Analysis[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1999:663.
[23] Lutterschmidt W I,Hutchison V H.The critical thermal maximum:History and critique[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1997,75(10):1561-1574.
[24] Guest W C.Temperature tolerance of Florida and northern largemouth bass:Effects of subspecies,fish size,and season[J].Texas Journal of Science,1985,37:75-84.
[25] Fields R,Lowe S S,Kaminski C,et al.Critical and chronic thermal maxima of northern and Florida largemouth bass and their reciprocal F1and F2hybrids[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1987,116(6):856-863.
[26] Alcorn S R.Temperature tolerances and upper lethal limits of Salmo apache[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1976,105(2):294-295.
[27] Hickman G D,Dewey M R.Notes on the upper lethal temperature of the duskystripe shiner,Notropis pilsbryi and the bluegill,Lepomis macrochirus[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1973,102(4):838-840.
[28] Galbreath P F,Adams N D,Martin T H.Influence of heating rate on measurement of time to thermal maximum in trout[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1):587-599.
[29] Becker C D,Genoway R G.Evaluation of the critical thermal maximum for determining thermal tolerance of freshwater fish[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1979,4(3):245.
[30] Grande M,Andersen S.Critical thermal maxima for young salmonids[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,1991,6(3):275-279.
[31] Cossins A R,Bowler K.Temperature biology of animals[J].Bioscience,1987,39:23-25.
[32] Phillis,Corey Christopher.The Evolution,Ecology,and Restoration of Anadromy in Rainbow Trout/Steelhead(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[D].Burnaby:Simon Fraser University,2014.
[33] Matthew P Zeigler,Andrew S Todd,Colleen A Caldwell.Evidence of recent climate change within the historic range of rio grande cutthroat trout:Implications for management and future persistence[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2012,141(4):1045-1059.
[34]史鲲鹏.几种鲑科鱼类的耐高温能力比较及其耐高温机制研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2018.Shi K P.Comparison of the Thermal Tolerance Ability and the Thermal Resistance Mechanism of Salmonidae Fish[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2018.
[35]马志坚,朱国强.虹鳟生物学特性及养殖技术[J].黑龙江水产,2009(4):23-28.Ma Z J,Zhu G Q.Biological characteristics and culture techniques of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Heilongjiang Aquatic Products,2009(4):23-28.
[36] Azevedo,Paula A,Cho Y,et al.Effects of feeding level and water temperature on growth,nutrient and energy utilization and waste outputs of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquat Living Res,1998,11(4):227-238.
[37] Ann Richter,Steven A Kolmes.Maximum temperature limits for chinook,coho,and chum salmon,and steelhead trout in the Pacific Northwest[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,2005,13(1):23-49.
[38] Saunders R L,Muise B C,Henderson E B.Mortality of salmonids cultured at low temperature in sea water[J].Aquaculture,1975,5(3):243-252.
[39]Wagner E J,Arndt R E,Brough M.Comparative tolerance of four stocks of cutthroat trout to extremes in temperature,salinity and hypoxia[J].Western North American Naturalist,2001,61(4):434-444.
[40] Ospina A F,Mora C.Effect of body size on reef fish tolerance to extreme low and high temperatures[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2004,70(4):339-343.
[2] Ewing R D,Barratt D,Garlock D.Physiological changes related to migration tendency in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,1994,121(1-3):277-287.
[3] Austreng E,Storebakken T,sgrd T.Growth rate estimates for cultured Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout[J].Aquaculture,1987,60(2):157-160.
[4]陈力,吴彦,寇景莲,等.硬头鳟生物学特性初探[J].河北渔业,2016(1):5-8.Chen L,Wu Y,Kou J L.Preliminary study on biological characteristics of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Hebei Fishery,2016(1):5-8.
[5] Brett J R.Energetic responses of salmon to temperature:A study of some thermal relations in the physiology and freshwater ecology of sockeye salmon(Oncorhynchus nerkd)[J].American Zoologist,1971,11(1):99-113.
[6] Pepin P.Effect of temperature and size on development,mortality,and survival rates of the pelagic early life history stages of marine fish[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1991,48(3):503-518.
[7] Shaklee J B,Christiansen J A,Sidell B D,et al.Molecular aspects of temperature acclimation in fish:contributions of changes in enzyme activities and isozyme patterns to metabolic reorganization in the green sunfish[J].Journal of Experimental Zoology,1977,201(1):1-20.
[8] Fonds M,Cronie R,Vethaak A D,et al.Metabolism,food consumption and growth of plaice(Pleuronectes platessa)and flounder(Platichthys flesus)in relation to fish size and temperature[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1992,29(1-3):127-143.
[9] Afonso L O B,Hosoya S,Osborne J,et al.Lack of glucose and hsp70responses in haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus subjected to handling and heat shock[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2008,72:157-167.
[10] Dominguez M,Takemura A,Tsuchiya M,et al.Impact of different environmental factors on the circulating immunoglobulin levels in the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Aquaculture,2004,241:491-500.
[11] Tromp J J,Jones P L,Symonds J E,et al.Effects of commercial diets and temperature on the growth performance and stress response of hapuku(Polyprion oxygeneios)[J].Aquaculture,2016,452:128-133.
[12] Beitinger T L,Bennett W A,McCauley R W.Temperature tolerances of North American freshwater fishes exposed to dynamic changes in temperature[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,58(3):237-275.
[13] Bennett W A,Beitinger T L.Temperature tolerance of the sheepshead minnow(Cyprinodon variegatus)[J].Copeia,1997(1):77-87.
[14] Lutterschmidt W I,Hutchison V H.The critical thermal maximum:Data to support the onset of spasms as the definitive end point[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1997,75(10):1553-1560.
[15] Kilgour D M,McCauley R W.Reconciling the two methods of measuring upper lethal temperatures in fishes[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1986,17(4):281-290.
[16] Bennett W A,Judd F W.Comparison of methods for determining low temperature tolerance:Experiments with pinfish(Lagodon rhomboides)[J].Copeia,1992(4):1059-1065.
[17] Lowe C H,Vance V J.Acclimation of the critical thermal maximum of the reptile Urosaurus Ornatus[J].Science,1955,122(3158):73-74.
[18]Hutchison V H.Critical thermal maxima in salamanders[J].Physiological Zoology,1961,34(2):92-125.
[19]向祥.中华鳑鲏的热耐受特征[J].科学咨询(科技·管理),2015(9):38-39.Xiang X. Heat tolerance characteristics of Chinese sturgeon(Rhodeus sinensis Günther)[J].Scientific Consulting(Technology Management),2015(9):38-39.
[20] Zhang Y,Kieffer J D.Critical thermal maximum(CTmax)and hematology of shortnose sturgeons(Acipenser brevirostrum)acclimated to three temperatures[J].Revue Canadienne De Zoologie,2014,92(3):215-221.
[21] Elliott J M,Elliott J A.The effect of the rate of temperature increase on the critical thermal maximum for parr of Atlantic salmon and brown trout[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1995,47(5):917-919.
[22] Zar J H.Biostatiscal Analysis[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1999:663.
[23] Lutterschmidt W I,Hutchison V H.The critical thermal maximum:History and critique[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1997,75(10):1561-1574.
[24] Guest W C.Temperature tolerance of Florida and northern largemouth bass:Effects of subspecies,fish size,and season[J].Texas Journal of Science,1985,37:75-84.
[25] Fields R,Lowe S S,Kaminski C,et al.Critical and chronic thermal maxima of northern and Florida largemouth bass and their reciprocal F1and F2hybrids[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1987,116(6):856-863.
[26] Alcorn S R.Temperature tolerances and upper lethal limits of Salmo apache[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1976,105(2):294-295.
[27] Hickman G D,Dewey M R.Notes on the upper lethal temperature of the duskystripe shiner,Notropis pilsbryi and the bluegill,Lepomis macrochirus[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1973,102(4):838-840.
[28] Galbreath P F,Adams N D,Martin T H.Influence of heating rate on measurement of time to thermal maximum in trout[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1):587-599.
[29] Becker C D,Genoway R G.Evaluation of the critical thermal maximum for determining thermal tolerance of freshwater fish[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1979,4(3):245.
[30] Grande M,Andersen S.Critical thermal maxima for young salmonids[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,1991,6(3):275-279.
[31] Cossins A R,Bowler K.Temperature biology of animals[J].Bioscience,1987,39:23-25.
[32] Phillis,Corey Christopher.The Evolution,Ecology,and Restoration of Anadromy in Rainbow Trout/Steelhead(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[D].Burnaby:Simon Fraser University,2014.
[33] Matthew P Zeigler,Andrew S Todd,Colleen A Caldwell.Evidence of recent climate change within the historic range of rio grande cutthroat trout:Implications for management and future persistence[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2012,141(4):1045-1059.
[34]史鲲鹏.几种鲑科鱼类的耐高温能力比较及其耐高温机制研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2018.Shi K P.Comparison of the Thermal Tolerance Ability and the Thermal Resistance Mechanism of Salmonidae Fish[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2018.
[35]马志坚,朱国强.虹鳟生物学特性及养殖技术[J].黑龙江水产,2009(4):23-28.Ma Z J,Zhu G Q.Biological characteristics and culture techniques of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Heilongjiang Aquatic Products,2009(4):23-28.
[36] Azevedo,Paula A,Cho Y,et al.Effects of feeding level and water temperature on growth,nutrient and energy utilization and waste outputs of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquat Living Res,1998,11(4):227-238.
[37] Ann Richter,Steven A Kolmes.Maximum temperature limits for chinook,coho,and chum salmon,and steelhead trout in the Pacific Northwest[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,2005,13(1):23-49.
[38] Saunders R L,Muise B C,Henderson E B.Mortality of salmonids cultured at low temperature in sea water[J].Aquaculture,1975,5(3):243-252.
[39]Wagner E J,Arndt R E,Brough M.Comparative tolerance of four stocks of cutthroat trout to extremes in temperature,salinity and hypoxia[J].Western North American Naturalist,2001,61(4):434-444.
[40] Ospina A F,Mora C.Effect of body size on reef fish tolerance to extreme low and high temperatures[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2004,70(4):339-343.