土壤施硒对茶树叶片硒及矿质元素含量的影响
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摘要
以茶树为试材,亚硒酸钠和硒酸钠为硒源,采用土壤沟施的方式,进行田间试验,研究茶树叶片总硒、有机硒及K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe含量变化规律。结果表明,土壤施硒可显著提高叶片总硒和有机硒含量,叶片总硒含量随着施肥浓度增加显著升高,随着采样时间延长,先升高后降低,在施肥后5个月达到最大值。茶树对Se(VI)的吸收和转运能力远高于Se(IV),硒酸钠处理叶片总硒含量是亚硒酸钠处理的10.4～25.3倍。茶树吸收无机硒后大部分都转化为较为安全的有机硒,有机硒占总硒比例为91.6%～96.2%。土施不同浓度硒肥,叶片K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe含量呈现出波动式升降变化的特点,施硒显著提高嫩叶Zn含量,并显著降低老叶Ca、Fe含量,对叶片K、Mg含量无显著影响。
A field experiment was conducted to analyze the changes in the contents of total Se, organic Se, K, Ca, Mg,Zn, and Fe in leaves of tea plant by using sodium selenite and sodium selenate as the exogenous Se sources. Results showed that the contents of total Se and organic Se in leaves were increased significantly with the Se application. The total Se content in leaves was significantly increased with the concentrations of Se application. The Se content in leaves was increased first and reached the maximum value at the fifth month after fertilization, and then decreased. The absorption and transport capacity of selenate was far more than that of selenite by tea plant. The Se content in leaves in the selenate treatment was 10.4 to 25.3 times higher than that in the selenite treatment. Most of the inorganic Se was converted to the safe organic Se in leaves. The proportion of organic Se in total Se ranged from 91.6% to 96.2%.The changes in the contents of K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe in leaves were fluctuated in different Se treatments. Exogenous Se significantly increased the content of Zn in young leaves, and significantly decreased the contents of Fe and Ca in old leaves under a certain Se concentration, but had no significant effect on K and Mg contents in leaves.
A field experiment was conducted to analyze the changes in the contents of total Se, organic Se, K, Ca, Mg,Zn, and Fe in leaves of tea plant by using sodium selenite and sodium selenate as the exogenous Se sources. Results showed that the contents of total Se and organic Se in leaves were increased significantly with the Se application. The total Se content in leaves was significantly increased with the concentrations of Se application. The Se content in leaves was increased first and reached the maximum value at the fifth month after fertilization, and then decreased. The absorption and transport capacity of selenate was far more than that of selenite by tea plant. The Se content in leaves in the selenate treatment was 10.4 to 25.3 times higher than that in the selenite treatment. Most of the inorganic Se was converted to the safe organic Se in leaves. The proportion of organic Se in total Se ranged from 91.6% to 96.2%.The changes in the contents of K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe in leaves were fluctuated in different Se treatments. Exogenous Se significantly increased the content of Zn in young leaves, and significantly decreased the contents of Fe and Ca in old leaves under a certain Se concentration, but had no significant effect on K and Mg contents in leaves.
引文
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[9]宁婵娟,丁宁,吴国良,等.喷硒时期与浓度对红富士苹果果实品质及各部位全硒和有机态硒含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5):1109-1117.
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[11]胡秋辉,潘根兴,朱建春,等.硒提高茶叶品质效应的研究[J].茶叶科学, 2000, 20(2):137-140.
[12]周成河,许敏,顿春垚,等.硒肥浓度对藤茶硒含量及生长发育的影响[J].食品工业科技, 2017, 38(2):127-131.
[13]覃潇敏,韦锦坚,农玉琴,等.外源硒肥对茶叶化学品质及硒含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2018, 46(3):31-33.
[14]李静,夏建国,李延轩,等.喷施亚硒酸钠对茶叶硒含量及化学品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学, 2007, 3(69):186-187.
[15]朱丽琴,魏钦平,许雪峰,等.葡萄对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性的初步研究[J].园艺学报, 2007, 34(2):325-328.
[16] PEZZAROSSA B, PETRUZZELLI G, PETACCO F, et al. Absorption of selenium by Lactuca sativa as affected by carboxymethylcellulose[J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 67(2):322-329.
[17] KESKINEN R, TURAKAINEN M, HARTIKAINEN H. Plant availability of soil selenate additions and selenium distribution within wheat and ryegrass[J]. Plant&Soil, 2010, 333(1-2):301-313.
[18]彭琴,李哲,梁东丽,等.不同作物对外源硒动态吸收、转运的差异及其机制[J].环境科学, 2017, 38(4):1667-1674.
[19]樊俊,王瑞,胡红青,等.不同价态外源硒对土壤硒形态及酶活性、微生物数量的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(5):137-141.
[20]江福英,张文锦.茶叶中硒积累的研究进展[J].茶叶学报, 2014,(4):5-9.
[21]张雯,耿增超.外源硒对蔬菜硒积累和产量品质影响的研究现状[J].园艺学报, 2012, 39(9):1749-1756.
[22]杜振宇,史衍玺,王清华.施硒对茄子吸收转化硒和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2004, 10(3):298-301.
[23]殷红清,王萌,马进.洋葱无土栽培硒富集试验研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版), 2012, 30(2):146-149.
[24]刘庆,田侠,史衍玺.施硒对小麦籽粒硒富集、转化及蛋白质与矿质元素含量的影响[J].作物学报, 2016, 42(5):778-783.
[25]张琳,何晓叶,李建科.紫阳富硒地区茶叶中茶多酚及硒含量不同季节与叶片分布规律[J].农产品加工(学刊), 2014, 10(367):13-15.
[26]刘海燕,黄彩梅,周盛勇,等.茶叶锌、硒含量变化与种植土壤差异的研究[J].植物科学学报, 2015, 33(2):237-243.
[27]王斐,姜淑苓,欧春青,等.施用氨基酸硒肥对梨体内硒含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(6):1577-1582.
[28] YAO X Q, CHU J Z, HE X L, et al. Effects of selenium on agronomical characters of winter wheat exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-B[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2013, 92(3):320-326.
[29]胡莹,黄益宗,黄艳超,等.硒对水稻吸收积累和转运锰、铁、磷和硒的影响[J].环境科学, 2013, 10(10):4119-4125.
[30]明佳佳,胡承孝,赵小虎,等.硒对油菜各部位矿质元素含量及其迁移特征的影响[J].浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(9):1564-1571.
[31]付冬冬,段曼莉,梁东丽,等.不同价态外源硒对小白菜生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(2):358-365.
[32]韩丹,熊双莲,许自成,等.硒对烤烟生长、化学指标及矿质营养元素含量的影响[J].核农学报, 2017, 31(10):2072-2079.
[2]张妮,李琦,张栋,等.外源硒对滴灌小麦籽粒硒含量及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(7):995-1001.
[3]迟凤琴,匡恩俊,张久明,等. Se肥施用方式和施用时期对水稻含Se量及产量的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2014, 6(31):560-564.
[4]刘庆,田侠,史衍玺.外源硒矿粉对玉米硒累积及矿质元素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(2):403-409.
[5]穆婷婷,杜慧玲,张福耀,等.外源硒对谷子生理特性、硒含量及其产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2017, 50(1):51-63.
[6]郭璐,满楠,梁东丽,等.小白菜对外源硒酸盐和亚硒酸盐动态吸收的差异及其机制研究[J].环境科学, 2013, 34(8):3272-3279.
[7]刘群龙,郝燕燕,郝国伟,等.叶面喷硒对梨果实矿质元素积累和贮藏特性的影响[J].植物生理学报, 2015, 51(5):655-660.
[8]王海波,王孝娣,毋应龙,等.设施葡萄对硒的吸收运转及积累特性[J].果树学报, 2011, 28(6):972-976.
[9]宁婵娟,丁宁,吴国良,等.喷硒时期与浓度对红富士苹果果实品质及各部位全硒和有机态硒含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(5):1109-1117.
[10]秦玉燕,时鹏涛,王运儒,等.不同茶树品种硒、汞、砷富集特性研究[J].西南农业学报, 2017, 30(6):1396-1401.
[11]胡秋辉,潘根兴,朱建春,等.硒提高茶叶品质效应的研究[J].茶叶科学, 2000, 20(2):137-140.
[12]周成河,许敏,顿春垚,等.硒肥浓度对藤茶硒含量及生长发育的影响[J].食品工业科技, 2017, 38(2):127-131.
[13]覃潇敏,韦锦坚,农玉琴,等.外源硒肥对茶叶化学品质及硒含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2018, 46(3):31-33.
[14]李静,夏建国,李延轩,等.喷施亚硒酸钠对茶叶硒含量及化学品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学, 2007, 3(69):186-187.
[15]朱丽琴,魏钦平,许雪峰,等.葡萄对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性的初步研究[J].园艺学报, 2007, 34(2):325-328.
[16] PEZZAROSSA B, PETRUZZELLI G, PETACCO F, et al. Absorption of selenium by Lactuca sativa as affected by carboxymethylcellulose[J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 67(2):322-329.
[17] KESKINEN R, TURAKAINEN M, HARTIKAINEN H. Plant availability of soil selenate additions and selenium distribution within wheat and ryegrass[J]. Plant&Soil, 2010, 333(1-2):301-313.
[18]彭琴,李哲,梁东丽,等.不同作物对外源硒动态吸收、转运的差异及其机制[J].环境科学, 2017, 38(4):1667-1674.
[19]樊俊,王瑞,胡红青,等.不同价态外源硒对土壤硒形态及酶活性、微生物数量的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(5):137-141.
[20]江福英,张文锦.茶叶中硒积累的研究进展[J].茶叶学报, 2014,(4):5-9.
[21]张雯,耿增超.外源硒对蔬菜硒积累和产量品质影响的研究现状[J].园艺学报, 2012, 39(9):1749-1756.
[22]杜振宇,史衍玺,王清华.施硒对茄子吸收转化硒和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2004, 10(3):298-301.
[23]殷红清,王萌,马进.洋葱无土栽培硒富集试验研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版), 2012, 30(2):146-149.
[24]刘庆,田侠,史衍玺.施硒对小麦籽粒硒富集、转化及蛋白质与矿质元素含量的影响[J].作物学报, 2016, 42(5):778-783.
[25]张琳,何晓叶,李建科.紫阳富硒地区茶叶中茶多酚及硒含量不同季节与叶片分布规律[J].农产品加工(学刊), 2014, 10(367):13-15.
[26]刘海燕,黄彩梅,周盛勇,等.茶叶锌、硒含量变化与种植土壤差异的研究[J].植物科学学报, 2015, 33(2):237-243.
[27]王斐,姜淑苓,欧春青,等.施用氨基酸硒肥对梨体内硒含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(6):1577-1582.
[28] YAO X Q, CHU J Z, HE X L, et al. Effects of selenium on agronomical characters of winter wheat exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-B[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2013, 92(3):320-326.
[29]胡莹,黄益宗,黄艳超,等.硒对水稻吸收积累和转运锰、铁、磷和硒的影响[J].环境科学, 2013, 10(10):4119-4125.
[30]明佳佳,胡承孝,赵小虎,等.硒对油菜各部位矿质元素含量及其迁移特征的影响[J].浙江农业学报, 2016, 28(9):1564-1571.
[31]付冬冬,段曼莉,梁东丽,等.不同价态外源硒对小白菜生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(2):358-365.
[32]韩丹,熊双莲,许自成,等.硒对烤烟生长、化学指标及矿质营养元素含量的影响[J].核农学报, 2017, 31(10):2072-2079.