坏损外担菌培养液对烤烟幼苗生长及主要生理特性的影响
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摘要
为探明坏损外担菌培养液对烤烟幼苗生长和生理特性的影响,研究了坏损外担菌培养液不同浓度(原液、1/10原液、1/50原液和1/100原液)对烤烟幼苗叶片、茎和根系生长及叶片叶绿体色素、NR活性和根系活力等的影响。结果表明,处理5 d时,1/50原液最大叶长和根系鲜质量最大,与原液达到显著差异,1/50原液茎高、地上部鲜质量和叶绿素b最大,显著高于其他处理和对照。处理10d时,1/50原液最大叶长、最大叶宽、叶面积、茎高、茎围、叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量最高,且显著高于原液、1/100原液和对照,1/50原液NR活性和根系活力最高,且与原液和对照达到显著水平。处理15 d时,1/50原液最大叶长、最大叶宽、叶面积、茎高、地上部鲜质量、NR活性和根系活力最大,显著大于其他各处理和对照,而茎围、根鲜质量和叶绿素a含量显著大于原液、1/100原液和对照。坏损外担菌培养液不同浓度对烤烟幼苗生长和生理代谢影响不同,1/50原液烟苗生长最好。
To investigate the effects of Exobasidium vexans liquid culture on the growth and physiological characteristics of tobacco seedlings, experiments were carried out to study the effects of different concentrations [the original solution, 1/10 original solution,1/50 original solution,1/100 original solution]of E. vexans liquid culture on growth of leaves, stems and roots, chloroplast pigment,nitrate reductase(NR) activity and root activity of tobacco seedlings. On the 5 th day, the maximum leaf length and root fresh mass of the 1/50 original solution were significantly different from that of the original solution, and the stem height, shoot fresh mass and content of Chl b were significantly higher than those of other treatments and the control. On the 10 th day, the maximum leaf length and width, leaf area, stem height, stem circumference, chlorophyll a and carotenoid content of 1/50 original solution were the highest with significant difference from the original solution, 1/100 original solution and the control. The NR activity and root activity of1/50 original solution were the highest and significantly higher than the original solution and the control. On the 15 th day, the maximum leaf length and width, leaf area, stem height, shoot fresh mass, NR activity and root activity of 1/50 original solution were the highest with significant difference from the other treatments and the control. But the stem circumference, root fresh mass and chlorophyll a content of 1/50 original solution were significantly higher than that of the original solution, 1/100 original solution and control. The effects of different concentrations of E. vexans liquid culture were different on the growth and physiological characteristics of tobacco seedlings. The growth of tobacco seedlings was the best in 1/50 original solution.
To investigate the effects of Exobasidium vexans liquid culture on the growth and physiological characteristics of tobacco seedlings, experiments were carried out to study the effects of different concentrations [the original solution, 1/10 original solution,1/50 original solution,1/100 original solution]of E. vexans liquid culture on growth of leaves, stems and roots, chloroplast pigment,nitrate reductase(NR) activity and root activity of tobacco seedlings. On the 5 th day, the maximum leaf length and root fresh mass of the 1/50 original solution were significantly different from that of the original solution, and the stem height, shoot fresh mass and content of Chl b were significantly higher than those of other treatments and the control. On the 10 th day, the maximum leaf length and width, leaf area, stem height, stem circumference, chlorophyll a and carotenoid content of 1/50 original solution were the highest with significant difference from the original solution, 1/100 original solution and the control. The NR activity and root activity of1/50 original solution were the highest and significantly higher than the original solution and the control. On the 15 th day, the maximum leaf length and width, leaf area, stem height, shoot fresh mass, NR activity and root activity of 1/50 original solution were the highest with significant difference from the other treatments and the control. But the stem circumference, root fresh mass and chlorophyll a content of 1/50 original solution were significantly higher than that of the original solution, 1/100 original solution and control. The effects of different concentrations of E. vexans liquid culture were different on the growth and physiological characteristics of tobacco seedlings. The growth of tobacco seedlings was the best in 1/50 original solution.
引文
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[12]郑坚,陈秋夏,金川,等.不同TTC法测定枫香等阔叶树容器苗根系活力探讨[J].浙江农业科学,2008(1):39-42.ZHENG J,CHEN Q X,JING C,et al.Determination of root activity of container seedlings of maple and other broad-leaved trees by different TTC methods[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2008(1):39-42.
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[15]SALAZAR-CEREZO S,MARTínez-MONTIEL N,GARCíA-SáNCHEZ J,et al.Gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism:A convergent route for plants,fungi and bacteria[J].Microbiological Research,2018,208(3):85-98.
[16]TUDZYNSKI B,H?LTER K.Gibberellin biosynthetic pathway in Gibberella fujikuroi:evidence for a gene cluster[J].Fungal Genet.Biol.,1998,25(3):157-170.
[17]黄瑞君.细丽外担菌感染油茶的形态特征和转录组学研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2017.HUANG R J.Morphological characteristics and transcriptomics of Camellia oleifera infected with Exobasidium gracile(Shirai)Syd[D].Xianyang:Northwest A&F University,2017.
[18]阙生全.油茶叶茶饼病病理学及其病原菌生物学特性的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2007.QUE S Q.Studies on pathology of Camellia oleifera blister blight and biological characteristics of pathogen[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2007.
[19]魏林.哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)发酵液中对豇豆具有促生活性物质的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2005.WEI L.Study on the growth promoting substance of the fermented liquid of Trichoderma harzianum on cowpea[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2005.
[20]王辉,李小艳,云菲,等.微生物菌剂对烤烟光合特性及产质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(6):52-56.WANG H,LI X Y,YUN F,et al.Effects of microbial agent on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agricultural Jiangxi,2018,30(6):52-56.
[21]刘小刚,张富仓,杨启良,等.玉米叶绿素、脯氨酸、根系活力对调亏灌溉和氮肥处理的响应[J].华北农学报,2009,24(4):106-111.LIU X G,ZHANG F C,YANG Q L,et al.Response of chlorophyll,proline and root activity of maize to regulated deficit irrigation and N fertilization treatment[J].Acta Agricultural Boreali-Sinica,2009,24(4):106-111.
[22]魏道智,宁书菊,林文雄.小麦根系活力变化与叶片衰老的研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(9):1565-1569.WEI D Z,NING S J,LIN W X.Relationship between wheat root activity and left senescence[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(9):1565-1569.
[23]王飞飞,张善平,邵立杰,等.夏玉米不同土层根系对花后植株生长及产量形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(4):4007-4017.WANG F F,ZHANG S P,SHAO L J,et al.Effect of root in different soil layers on plant growth and yield formation after an thesis in summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(4):4007-4017.
[24]周燕,杨习文,周苏玫,等.小麦根中NADP-脱氢酶系统关键酶活性与根系活力和产量的关系分析[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(11):2060-2071.ZHOU Y,YANG X W,ZHOU S M,et al.Activities of key enzymes in root NADP-dehydrogenase system and their relationships with root vigor and grain yield formation in wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(11):2060-2071.
[25]刘先良,张春,邓茂,等.施用生物炭和AM真菌对烤烟根系形态、生理特性及化学成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2017,50(8):30-36.LIU X L,ZHANG C,DENG M,et al.Effects of biocarbon and AM fungi on root morphology,physiological characteristics and chemical constituents of flue-cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(8):30-36.
[26]WU Q S,HE X H,ZOU Y N,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizas alter root system architecture of Citrus tangerine through regulating metabolism of endogenous polyamines[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2012,68(1):27-35.
[27]冯莉,张玲华,田兴山.荧光假单胞菌对烟草根际微生物种群数量及根系活力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007(S2):537-539.FENG L,ZHANG L H,TIAN X S.Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens on rhizosphere microorganisms and root activity of tobacco[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007(S2):537-539.
[2]尹显慧,田雪莲,龙友华,等.微生物菌剂对番茄生长发育及产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(6):1466-1469.YIN X H,TIAN X L,LONG Y H,et al.Effect of different concentrations of microbial agents on the growth and yield of tomato[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(6):1466-1469.
[3]雷先德,李金文,徐秀玲,等.微生物菌剂对菠菜生长特性及土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(4):488-494.LEI X D,LI J W,XU X L,et al.Effect of microbial inoculants on spinach growth characteristics and soil microbial diversity[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(4):488-494.
[4]千淋兆,龚明波,顾金刚,等.溶磷微生物菌剂对土壤营养元素及玉米生长的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(5):425-431.QIAN L Z,GONG M B,GU J G,et al.Effects of phosphate-solubilizing microbial inoculums on soil nutrients and corn growth[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2014,31(5):425-431.
[5]喻会平,龙友华,安启菲,等.生物菌剂对烟草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(3):47-52.YU H P,LONG Y H,AN Q F,et al.Effects of biological agents on seed germination and seedling growth of tobacco[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(3):47-52.
[6]杨军伟,张宇羽,蔡艳,等.苗床添加微生物菌肥对2种烟草种子发芽率和幼苗生长的影响[J].农学学报,2017,7(4):39-45.YANG J W,ZHANG Y Y,CAI Y,et al.Effect of microbial fertilizer on fermination rate and seedling growth of tobacco in seedbed[J].Journal of Agriculture,2017,7(4):39-45.
[7]李海碧.甘蔗根际假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其对甘蔗的促生作用[D].南宁:广西大学,2017.LI H B.Pseudomonas species from sugarcane rhizopheric soil and their influence on the growth of sugarcane[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2017.
[8]刘爱英,梁宗琦,康冀川,等.茶饼病菌分生孢子阶段分离培养极其发酵液对植物的刺激作用[J].菌物系统,2002,21(3):437-439.LIU A Y,LIANG Z Q,KANG J C,et al.Isolation and culture of the conidial stage of Exobasidium vexans and stimulation of the fungal fermented liquid to plant[J].Mycosystema,2002,21(3):437-439.
[9]郭春秋,王文龙,吴娜.茶饼病菌的分离培养及其刺激作用[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(4):103-107.GUO C Q,WANG W L,WU N.Culture of Exobasidium gracile(Shirai)Syd and its stimulating effects[J].Journal of Jishou University(Natural Science Edition),2005,26(4):103-107.
[10]赵晨心,何珺,彭丽娟.坏损外担菌(Exobasidium vexans)植物生长物质种类及含量研究[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),2018,35(5):16-20.ZHAO C X,HE J,PENG L J.Research on the species and content of plant growth substances in Exobasidium vexans[J].Journal of Guizhou University(Natural Sciences),2018,35(5):16-20.
[11]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.ZOU Q.Guidance of plant physiology and biochemistry experiment[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995.
[12]郑坚,陈秋夏,金川,等.不同TTC法测定枫香等阔叶树容器苗根系活力探讨[J].浙江农业科学,2008(1):39-42.ZHENG J,CHEN Q X,JING C,et al.Determination of root activity of container seedlings of maple and other broad-leaved trees by different TTC methods[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2008(1):39-42.
[13]陈晓亚,薛红.植物生理与分子生物学[M].第4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2018:543-549.CHEN X Y,XUE H.Plant physiology and molecular biology[M].4th Edition.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2018:543-549.
[14]MORRONE D,CHAMBERS J,LOWRY L,et al.Gibberellin biosynthesis in bacteria:Separate ent-copalyl diphosphate and ent-kaurene synthases in Bradyrhizobium japonicum[J].FEBS Letters,2009,583(2):475-480.
[15]SALAZAR-CEREZO S,MARTínez-MONTIEL N,GARCíA-SáNCHEZ J,et al.Gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism:A convergent route for plants,fungi and bacteria[J].Microbiological Research,2018,208(3):85-98.
[16]TUDZYNSKI B,H?LTER K.Gibberellin biosynthetic pathway in Gibberella fujikuroi:evidence for a gene cluster[J].Fungal Genet.Biol.,1998,25(3):157-170.
[17]黄瑞君.细丽外担菌感染油茶的形态特征和转录组学研究[D].咸阳:西北农林科技大学,2017.HUANG R J.Morphological characteristics and transcriptomics of Camellia oleifera infected with Exobasidium gracile(Shirai)Syd[D].Xianyang:Northwest A&F University,2017.
[18]阙生全.油茶叶茶饼病病理学及其病原菌生物学特性的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2007.QUE S Q.Studies on pathology of Camellia oleifera blister blight and biological characteristics of pathogen[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University,2007.
[19]魏林.哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)发酵液中对豇豆具有促生活性物质的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2005.WEI L.Study on the growth promoting substance of the fermented liquid of Trichoderma harzianum on cowpea[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2005.
[20]王辉,李小艳,云菲,等.微生物菌剂对烤烟光合特性及产质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2018,30(6):52-56.WANG H,LI X Y,YUN F,et al.Effects of microbial agent on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agricultural Jiangxi,2018,30(6):52-56.
[21]刘小刚,张富仓,杨启良,等.玉米叶绿素、脯氨酸、根系活力对调亏灌溉和氮肥处理的响应[J].华北农学报,2009,24(4):106-111.LIU X G,ZHANG F C,YANG Q L,et al.Response of chlorophyll,proline and root activity of maize to regulated deficit irrigation and N fertilization treatment[J].Acta Agricultural Boreali-Sinica,2009,24(4):106-111.
[22]魏道智,宁书菊,林文雄.小麦根系活力变化与叶片衰老的研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(9):1565-1569.WEI D Z,NING S J,LIN W X.Relationship between wheat root activity and left senescence[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(9):1565-1569.
[23]王飞飞,张善平,邵立杰,等.夏玉米不同土层根系对花后植株生长及产量形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(4):4007-4017.WANG F F,ZHANG S P,SHAO L J,et al.Effect of root in different soil layers on plant growth and yield formation after an thesis in summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(4):4007-4017.
[24]周燕,杨习文,周苏玫,等.小麦根中NADP-脱氢酶系统关键酶活性与根系活力和产量的关系分析[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(11):2060-2071.ZHOU Y,YANG X W,ZHOU S M,et al.Activities of key enzymes in root NADP-dehydrogenase system and their relationships with root vigor and grain yield formation in wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(11):2060-2071.
[25]刘先良,张春,邓茂,等.施用生物炭和AM真菌对烤烟根系形态、生理特性及化学成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2017,50(8):30-36.LIU X L,ZHANG C,DENG M,et al.Effects of biocarbon and AM fungi on root morphology,physiological characteristics and chemical constituents of flue-cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2017,50(8):30-36.
[26]WU Q S,HE X H,ZOU Y N,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizas alter root system architecture of Citrus tangerine through regulating metabolism of endogenous polyamines[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2012,68(1):27-35.
[27]冯莉,张玲华,田兴山.荧光假单胞菌对烟草根际微生物种群数量及根系活力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007(S2):537-539.FENG L,ZHANG L H,TIAN X S.Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens on rhizosphere microorganisms and root activity of tobacco[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007(S2):537-539.