花期夜温升高对水稻颖花开放及籽粒结实的影响
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摘要
利用盆栽常规籼稻黄华占(HHZ)和黄丝占(HSZ),将人工气候箱设置3种昼/夜温度处理,以36℃/25℃(T1)、36℃/29℃(T2)和36℃/33℃(T3),分别代表日最高温升高4℃情况下夜温升高4℃和8℃的情景,以32℃/25℃(CK)为对照。从抽穗扬花当天开始,连续处理7d,每日9:00-11:00逐小时观测开花数、花粉活力以及花药开裂率,处理结束后移至室外,成熟后观测结实率。结果表明:(1)在日温升高条件下,花期夜温升高使水稻每日的开花高峰期提前1h,两个品种表现一致;(2)在日温升高条件下,花期夜温升高导致水稻花粉活力逐渐下降。夜温升高4℃(T2)和8℃(T3)时,黄华占的花粉活力分别下降13.6和17.6个百分点,黄丝占的花粉活力分别下降1.1和4.5个百分点,说明黄华占花粉活力对夜温升高较黄丝占更敏感;(3)在日温升高条件下,花期夜温升高使水稻花药开裂率显著降低(P<0.05),处理时间越长影响越大,在T3处理下,黄华占平均花药开裂率为73.2%,黄丝占为79.0%;(4)夜温升高导致水稻结实率下降,黄华占与黄丝占表现趋势一致,黄华占对夜温升高更为敏感。结实率下降的主要原因为花药开裂率与花粉活力的降低。
Taking indica rice varieties HHZ and HSZ as potting experimental materials, three day/night temperature treatments, namely 36℃/25℃(T1), 36 ℃/29℃(T2) and 36℃/33℃(T3), were set up in artificial climate chamber,which means the daily maximum increasing temperature by 4℃ and the increasing temperature at night by 4℃ and8℃, respectively, and 32℃/25℃ as CK. Continuous processing for 7 days from the day of heading and flowering,the flowering number, pollen vigor and anther dehiscence rate were observed hourly from 9:00 am to 11:00 am.After treatment, they were moved to the outside and were observed the fruiting rate after ripening. The results showed that, under the condition of increasing daily temperature, the increase night temperature at flowering stage put forward one hour in the flowering peak both for two varieties. Meanwhile, the increase night temperature at flowering stage caused the vitality of pollen, when night temperature increased by 4℃(T2) and 8℃(T3), the HHZ vitality of pollen dropped by 13.6 and 17.6 percentage point, HSZ dropped by 1.1 and 4.5 percentage point, which means the pollen vigor of HHZ was more sensitive to the increase night temperature than HSZ. Under the same conditions, the anther cracking rate of rice decreased significantly with the increasing night temperature at flowering stage(P < 0.05), the longer treatment, the greater the effect. The average rate of anther cracking was 73.2% in HHZ and 79.0% in HSZ with treatment T3. The increasing night temperature also caused the decreasing rice seed setting rate, both HHZ and HSZ showed the same tendency, but HHZ was more sensitive to the increasing night temperature than HSZ. The decreasing seed setting rate was mainly due to the decreasing anther dehiscence rate and pollen vigor.
Taking indica rice varieties HHZ and HSZ as potting experimental materials, three day/night temperature treatments, namely 36℃/25℃(T1), 36 ℃/29℃(T2) and 36℃/33℃(T3), were set up in artificial climate chamber,which means the daily maximum increasing temperature by 4℃ and the increasing temperature at night by 4℃ and8℃, respectively, and 32℃/25℃ as CK. Continuous processing for 7 days from the day of heading and flowering,the flowering number, pollen vigor and anther dehiscence rate were observed hourly from 9:00 am to 11:00 am.After treatment, they were moved to the outside and were observed the fruiting rate after ripening. The results showed that, under the condition of increasing daily temperature, the increase night temperature at flowering stage put forward one hour in the flowering peak both for two varieties. Meanwhile, the increase night temperature at flowering stage caused the vitality of pollen, when night temperature increased by 4℃(T2) and 8℃(T3), the HHZ vitality of pollen dropped by 13.6 and 17.6 percentage point, HSZ dropped by 1.1 and 4.5 percentage point, which means the pollen vigor of HHZ was more sensitive to the increase night temperature than HSZ. Under the same conditions, the anther cracking rate of rice decreased significantly with the increasing night temperature at flowering stage(P < 0.05), the longer treatment, the greater the effect. The average rate of anther cracking was 73.2% in HHZ and 79.0% in HSZ with treatment T3. The increasing night temperature also caused the decreasing rice seed setting rate, both HHZ and HSZ showed the same tendency, but HHZ was more sensitive to the increasing night temperature than HSZ. The decreasing seed setting rate was mainly due to the decreasing anther dehiscence rate and pollen vigor.
引文
[1]IPCC.Climate change 2013:the physical science basis[R].Oslo:Inter Government Panel on Climate Change,2013.
[2]Alward R D,Detling J K,Milchunas D G.Grassland vegetation changes and nocturnal global warming[J].Science,1999,283:229-231.
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[10]Matsui T,Omasa K,Horie T.The difference in sterility due to high temperatures during the flowering period among Japonica-rice varieties[J].Plant Production Science,2001,4(2):90-93.
[11]隗溟,王光,陈国惠,等.盛花期高温对两系杂交稻两优培九结实率的影响研究[J].杂交水稻,2002,17(1):51-53.Wei M,Wang G,Chen G H,et al.Effect of high temperature at full flowering stage on seed setting percentage of two-line hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu[J].Hybrid Rice,2002,17(1):51-53.(in Chinese)
[12]上海植物生理研究所.高温对早稻开花结实的影响及其防治Ⅲ:早稻开花结实对高温伤害的敏感期[J].植物学报,1977,19(2):126-130.The Phytotron,Shanghai Institute of Plant Phytotron.The influence of high temperature on flowering and fruiting of early rice and its control[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1977,19(2):126-130.(in Chinese)
[13]陈建珍,闫浩亮,刘科,等.大穗型水稻品种抽穗开花期遭遇高温后的结实表现[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(2):84-91.Chen J C,Yan H L,Liu K,et al.Seed-set of large-panicle rice cultivars suffered from high temperature at anthesis[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2018,39(2):84-91.(in Chinese)
[14]石春林,金之庆,汤日圣,等.水稻颖花结实率对减数分裂期和开花期高温的响应差异[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(6):1139-1142.Shi C L,Jin Z Q,Tang R S,et al.Response difference of seed setting rate of rice florets at the meiosis and anthesis stages to high temperature[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2010,26(6):1139-1142.(in Chinese)
[15]周建霞,张玉屏,朱德峰,等.高温后移对水稻颖花败育的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(5):544-548.Zhou J X,Zhang Y P,Zhu D F,et al.Effects of high temperature on rice spikelet sterility at flowering stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(5):544-548.(in Chinese)
[16]陶龙兴,谈惠娟,王熹,等.高温胁迫对国稻6号开花结实习性的影响[J].作物学报,2008,(4):669-674.Tao L X,Tan H J,Wang X,et al.Effects of high temperature stress on flowering and grain-setting characteristics for Guodao 6[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,(4):669-674.(in Chinese)
[17]周建霞,张玉屏,朱德峰,等.高温下开花时间对水稻颖花育性的影响[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(4):75-78.Zhou J X,Zhang Y P,Zhu D F,et al.Effects of flowering time on spikelet fertility of rice under high temperature stress[J].Hybrid Rice,2015,30(4):75-78.(in Chinese)
[18]张彬,芮雯奕,郑建初,等.水稻开花期花粉活力和结实率对高温的响应特征[J].作物学报,2007,(7):1177-1181.Zhang B,Rui W Y,Zheng J C,et al.Responses of pollen activity and seed setting of rice to high temperature of heading period[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2007,(7):1177-1181.(in Chinese)
[19]黄福灯,曹珍珍,李春寿,等.花期高温对水稻花器官性状和结实的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(3):565-570.Huang F D,Cao Z Z,Li C S,et al.Study on effects of hightemperature stress on rice in floral organ character and seed-setting rate[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2016,30(3):565-570.(in Chinese)
[20]徐海波,王光明,隗溟,等.高温胁迫下水稻花粉粒性状与结实率的相关分析[J].西南农业大学学报,2001,(3):205-207.Xu H B,Wang G M,Wei M,et al.Correlation analysis of the characters of pollen grains and seed setting of rice under high temperature stress[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2001,(3):205-207.(in Chinese)
[2]Alward R D,Detling J K,Milchunas D G.Grassland vegetation changes and nocturnal global warming[J].Science,1999,283:229-231.
[3]IPCC.Climate change 2001:the scientific basis[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[4]Liang X J.Features of two warming periods and their causes in Shanghai for the last 127 years[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2000,(4):501-506.
[5]Peng S P,Huang J L,Sheehy J E,et al.Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(27):9971-9975.
[6]Prasad P V,Boote K J,Allen Jr L H.Adverse high temperature effects on pollen viability,seed-set,seed yield and harvest index of grain-sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]are more severe atelevated carbon dioxide due to higher tissue temperatures[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,139(3):237-251.
[7]Satake T,Yoshida S.High temperature-induced sterility in indica rice at flowering[J].Jpn J Crop Sci,1978,47:6-17.(in Japanese with English abstract)
[8]Das S,Krishnan P,Nayak M,et al.High temperature stress effects on pollens of rice(Oryza sativa,L.)genotypes[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2014,101(1):36-46.
[9]张桂莲,张顺堂,肖浪涛,等.花期高温胁迫对水稻花药生理特性及花粉性状的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(1):177-183.Zhang G L,Zhang S T,Xiao L T,et al.Effect of high temperature stress on physiological characteristics of antherand pollen traits of rice at flowering stage[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(1):177-183.(in Chinese)
[10]Matsui T,Omasa K,Horie T.The difference in sterility due to high temperatures during the flowering period among Japonica-rice varieties[J].Plant Production Science,2001,4(2):90-93.
[11]隗溟,王光,陈国惠,等.盛花期高温对两系杂交稻两优培九结实率的影响研究[J].杂交水稻,2002,17(1):51-53.Wei M,Wang G,Chen G H,et al.Effect of high temperature at full flowering stage on seed setting percentage of two-line hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu[J].Hybrid Rice,2002,17(1):51-53.(in Chinese)
[12]上海植物生理研究所.高温对早稻开花结实的影响及其防治Ⅲ:早稻开花结实对高温伤害的敏感期[J].植物学报,1977,19(2):126-130.The Phytotron,Shanghai Institute of Plant Phytotron.The influence of high temperature on flowering and fruiting of early rice and its control[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1977,19(2):126-130.(in Chinese)
[13]陈建珍,闫浩亮,刘科,等.大穗型水稻品种抽穗开花期遭遇高温后的结实表现[J].中国农业气象,2018,39(2):84-91.Chen J C,Yan H L,Liu K,et al.Seed-set of large-panicle rice cultivars suffered from high temperature at anthesis[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2018,39(2):84-91.(in Chinese)
[14]石春林,金之庆,汤日圣,等.水稻颖花结实率对减数分裂期和开花期高温的响应差异[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(6):1139-1142.Shi C L,Jin Z Q,Tang R S,et al.Response difference of seed setting rate of rice florets at the meiosis and anthesis stages to high temperature[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2010,26(6):1139-1142.(in Chinese)
[15]周建霞,张玉屏,朱德峰,等.高温后移对水稻颖花败育的影响[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(5):544-548.Zhou J X,Zhang Y P,Zhu D F,et al.Effects of high temperature on rice spikelet sterility at flowering stage[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2014,35(5):544-548.(in Chinese)
[16]陶龙兴,谈惠娟,王熹,等.高温胁迫对国稻6号开花结实习性的影响[J].作物学报,2008,(4):669-674.Tao L X,Tan H J,Wang X,et al.Effects of high temperature stress on flowering and grain-setting characteristics for Guodao 6[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,(4):669-674.(in Chinese)
[17]周建霞,张玉屏,朱德峰,等.高温下开花时间对水稻颖花育性的影响[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(4):75-78.Zhou J X,Zhang Y P,Zhu D F,et al.Effects of flowering time on spikelet fertility of rice under high temperature stress[J].Hybrid Rice,2015,30(4):75-78.(in Chinese)
[18]张彬,芮雯奕,郑建初,等.水稻开花期花粉活力和结实率对高温的响应特征[J].作物学报,2007,(7):1177-1181.Zhang B,Rui W Y,Zheng J C,et al.Responses of pollen activity and seed setting of rice to high temperature of heading period[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2007,(7):1177-1181.(in Chinese)
[19]黄福灯,曹珍珍,李春寿,等.花期高温对水稻花器官性状和结实的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(3):565-570.Huang F D,Cao Z Z,Li C S,et al.Study on effects of hightemperature stress on rice in floral organ character and seed-setting rate[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2016,30(3):565-570.(in Chinese)
[20]徐海波,王光明,隗溟,等.高温胁迫下水稻花粉粒性状与结实率的相关分析[J].西南农业大学学报,2001,(3):205-207.Xu H B,Wang G M,Wei M,et al.Correlation analysis of the characters of pollen grains and seed setting of rice under high temperature stress[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2001,(3):205-207.(in Chinese)