某L245集输管道腐蚀失效原因分析
|
摘要
目的分析某集输管道的腐蚀失效行为,明确腐蚀特征、腐蚀类型及腐蚀机理,指导其防腐处理,从而延长管道的使用寿命。方法通过几何尺寸测量、宏观观察分析了管道内外壁的腐蚀部位及宏观特征。通过化学成分分析、金相分析对管道材质进行了检验。在腐蚀穿孔处取样,采用扫描电镜对腐蚀表面进行了微观形貌分析及微区能谱分析。采用X射线衍射仪对腐蚀产物进行了物相分析。结果穿孔管样的化学成分符合GB/T 9711—2017标准要求,金相组织无异常。管样以内壁腐蚀为主,腐蚀位置为4点—8点钟以下部位,外壁基本无腐蚀。腐蚀产物为片层状,且呈现出多层结构,其中最外层相对比较疏松,主要含有C、Si、O、Ca等元素,为表面附着的污垢;中间层和内层则比较致密,主要由Fe、O元素组成,并含有一定量的Cl元素。X射线衍射结果表明,腐蚀产物主要由Fe_3O_4和FeOOH组成。结论管道内表面底部腐蚀及穿孔主要是由于油水呈层流状态,水在管道底部沉积,对管道底部形成电化学腐蚀所致,基本类型为溶解氧腐蚀,Cl-及表面腐蚀产物膜的破坏加速了局部腐蚀。
The work aims to determine the corrosion features, corrosion type and corrosion mechanism by analyzing the corrosion failure behavior of some gathering pipeline so as to guide the corrosion treatment and extend the service life of pipeline. The corrosion location and macroscopic characteristics of the inner and outer walls of pipeline were analyzed through geometric dimension measurement and macroscopic observation. The materials were inspected through chemical composition analysis and metallographic analysis. Samples were taken from the corrosion perforation part and microscopic morphology and energy dispersive spectroscopy of the corroded surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The corrosion products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition of the perforated pipeline conformed to GB/T9711—2017 standard, and there was no abnormal metallographic structure. The corrosion was concentrated on the inner wall the corrosion location was between 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock. There was basically no corrosion on the outer wall of the pipeline.The corrosion products were lamellar and showed a multi-layer structure. The outer layer was relatively loose and mainly composed of C, Si, O, Ca and other elements, which were dirt and scale adhered to the surface. The middle and inner layers were relatively dense and mainly composed of Fe, O elements, and contained a certain amount of Cl elements, which were the main components of corrosion products. X-ray diffraction results showed that the corrosion products were mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 and FeOOH. The corrosion and perforation of the inner surface for the pipeline are mainly caused by the laminar flow of oil and water, the deposition of water at the bottom of the pipeline and the formation of electrochemical corrosion. The basic corrosion type is dissolved oxygen corrosion. Local corrosion is accelerated by the Cl-and destruction of the corrosion product film on the surface.
The work aims to determine the corrosion features, corrosion type and corrosion mechanism by analyzing the corrosion failure behavior of some gathering pipeline so as to guide the corrosion treatment and extend the service life of pipeline. The corrosion location and macroscopic characteristics of the inner and outer walls of pipeline were analyzed through geometric dimension measurement and macroscopic observation. The materials were inspected through chemical composition analysis and metallographic analysis. Samples were taken from the corrosion perforation part and microscopic morphology and energy dispersive spectroscopy of the corroded surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The corrosion products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition of the perforated pipeline conformed to GB/T9711—2017 standard, and there was no abnormal metallographic structure. The corrosion was concentrated on the inner wall the corrosion location was between 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock. There was basically no corrosion on the outer wall of the pipeline.The corrosion products were lamellar and showed a multi-layer structure. The outer layer was relatively loose and mainly composed of C, Si, O, Ca and other elements, which were dirt and scale adhered to the surface. The middle and inner layers were relatively dense and mainly composed of Fe, O elements, and contained a certain amount of Cl elements, which were the main components of corrosion products. X-ray diffraction results showed that the corrosion products were mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 and FeOOH. The corrosion and perforation of the inner surface for the pipeline are mainly caused by the laminar flow of oil and water, the deposition of water at the bottom of the pipeline and the formation of electrochemical corrosion. The basic corrosion type is dissolved oxygen corrosion. Local corrosion is accelerated by the Cl-and destruction of the corrosion product film on the surface.
引文
[1]石仁委,柳言国,姬杰.胜利油田集输管道腐蚀检测与管理[J].石油工业技术监督,2007(2):57-59.SHI Ren-wei,LIU Yan-guo,JI Jie.The corrosive monitor and management of gathering pipeline in shengli oilfields[J].Technology supervision in petroleum industry,2007(2):57-59.
[2]叶帆,李新勇,刘强,等.雅克拉气田集输管线的腐蚀及其防治[J].腐蚀与防护,2008,29(11):710-712.YE Fan,LI Xin-yong,LIU Qiang,et al.Corrosion and its prevention of gathering system in Yakela gas field[J].Corrosion&protection,2008,29(11):710-712.
[3]梁裕如,姬丙寅.某输油管道腐蚀泄漏失效原因分析[J].表面技术,2016,45(8):68-73.LIANG Yu-ru,JI Bing-yin.Failure analysis of corrosion leakage for oil pipeline[J].Surface technology,2016,45(8):68-73.
[4]崔斌,臧国军,赵锐,等.油气集输管道内腐蚀及内防腐技术[J].石油化工设计,2007,24(1):51-54.CUI Bin,ZANG Guo-jun,ZHAO Rui,et al.Corrosion and anti-corrosion techniques for the inner wall of oil and gas transportation pipelines[J].Petrochemical design,2007,24(1):51-54.
[5]邓民宪,张永凯,袁玉柱,等.埋地输油管道失效原因分析[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,1999(6):373-375.DENG Min-xian,ZHANG Yong-kai,YUAN Yu-zhu,et al.Failure analysis of an underground oil pipeline[J].Corrosion science and technology protection,1999(6):373-375.
[6]范兆廷,袁宗明.H2S及CO2对管道腐蚀机理与防护研究[J].油气田地面工程,2008,27(10):39-40.FAN Zhao-ting,YUAN Zong-ming.Mechanism and protection research of H2S and CO2 corrosion for pipeline[J].Oil-gasfield surface engineering,2008,27(10):39-40.
[7]刘宏波,王书淼.CO2?H2S对油气管道内腐蚀影响机制[J].油气储运,2007,26(12):43-46.LIU Hong-bo,WANG Shu-miao.Effect of CO2 and H2Son internal corrosion of oil and gas pipeline[J].Oil&gas storage and transportation,2007,26(12):43-46.
[8]张绪平,康学勤,孙智,等.滕州站输油管道失效分析[J].矿山机械,2003(12):62-63.ZHANG Xu-ping,KANG Xue-qin,SUN Zhi,et al.Failure analysis of Tengzhou state oil pipeline[J].Mining&processing equipment,2003(12):62-63.
[9]吕拴录,康延军,乐法国,等.某输油管道刺漏调查分析[J].管道技术与设备,2010(1):48-49.LYU Shuan-lu,KANG Yan-jun,YUE Fa-guo,et al.Investigation and analysis of the washing out of a crude oil pipline[J].Pipline technique and equipment,2010(1):48-49.
[10]娄亮杰,徐忠苹,李爱贵,等.高矿化度油田污水处理系统的腐蚀因素分析及治理措施[J].腐蚀与防护,2018,39(11):892-895.LOU Liang-jie,XU Zhong-ping,LI Ai-gui,et al.Corrosion factor analysis and treatment measures of high mineralization oilfield sewage treatment system[J].Corrosion&protection,2018,39(11):892-895.
[11]刘沛华,陈刚,李志潇.基于光电子能谱的高含水输油管道内壁腐蚀减薄试验分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(6):116-122.LIU Pei-hua,CHEN Gang,LI Zhi-xiao.Experimental analysis on internal wall corrosion thinning phenomenon of oil transmission pipelines with high water cut based on photoelectron spectroscopy[J].Journal of safety science and technology,2016,12(6):116-122.
[12]赵鹏,于杰,郭金宝.钻杆溶解氧腐蚀影响因素分析[J].钢管,2010,39(2):29-33.ZHAO Peng,YU Jie,GUO Jin-bao.Analysis of influencing factors on dissolved oxygen corrosion of drill pipe[J].Steel pipe,2010,39(2):29-33.
[13]谢飞,王月,王兴发,等.辽河油田土壤中溶解氧对X70管线钢腐蚀的影响[J].表面技术,2018,47(10):186-192.XIE Fei,WANG Yue,WANG Xing-fa,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen on corrosion of X70 pipeline steel in Liaohe oilfield[J].Surface technology,2018,47(10):186-192.
[14]邹妍,王佳,郑莹莹.锈层下碳钢的腐蚀电化学行为特征[J].物理化学学报,2010,26(9):2361-2368.ZOU Yan,WANG Jia,ZHENG Ying-ying.Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of rusted carbon steel[J].Acta physico-chimica sinica,2010,26(9):2361-2368.
[15]魏宝明.金属腐蚀理论及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.WEI Bao-ming.Metals corrosion theory and application[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2004.
[16]MCINTIRE G,LIPPERT J,YUDELSON J.The effect of dissolved CO2 and O2 on the corrosion rate of iron[J].Corrosion,1990,46(2):91-95.
[17]LI Y J,WU J J,ZHANG D,et al.The electrochemical reduction reaction of dissolved oxygen on Q235 carbon steel in alkaline solution containing chloride ions[J].Journal of solid state electrochemistry,2010,14(9):1667-1673.
[18]SARIN P,SNOEYINK V L,BEBEE J,et al.Iron release from corroded iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems:effect of dissolved oxygen[J].Water research,2004,38(5):1259-1269.
[19]殷启帅,杨进,施山山,等.南海东部某油田隔水导管腐蚀失效分析[J].表面技术,2018,47(11):134-141.YIN Qi-shuai,YANG Jin,SHI Shan-shan,et al,Corrosion failure analysis of riser in some oilfield in the east of the South China Sea[J].Surface technology,2018,47(11):134-141.
[20]张登庆,胡宏萍.集输管线垢下腐蚀的闭塞效应研究[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(5):15-16.ZHANG Deng-qing,HU Hong-ping.Blocking effect of corrosion under scale in gathering pipeline[J].Oil-gasfield surface engineering,2002,21(5):15-16.
[21]李力,李家锋,王宏,等.某海底管道腐蚀的原因[J].腐蚀与防护,2017,38(3):240-246.LI Li,LI Jia-feng,WANG Hong,et al.Corrosion cause of a subsea pipeline[J].Corrosion&protection,2017,38(3):240-246.
[2]叶帆,李新勇,刘强,等.雅克拉气田集输管线的腐蚀及其防治[J].腐蚀与防护,2008,29(11):710-712.YE Fan,LI Xin-yong,LIU Qiang,et al.Corrosion and its prevention of gathering system in Yakela gas field[J].Corrosion&protection,2008,29(11):710-712.
[3]梁裕如,姬丙寅.某输油管道腐蚀泄漏失效原因分析[J].表面技术,2016,45(8):68-73.LIANG Yu-ru,JI Bing-yin.Failure analysis of corrosion leakage for oil pipeline[J].Surface technology,2016,45(8):68-73.
[4]崔斌,臧国军,赵锐,等.油气集输管道内腐蚀及内防腐技术[J].石油化工设计,2007,24(1):51-54.CUI Bin,ZANG Guo-jun,ZHAO Rui,et al.Corrosion and anti-corrosion techniques for the inner wall of oil and gas transportation pipelines[J].Petrochemical design,2007,24(1):51-54.
[5]邓民宪,张永凯,袁玉柱,等.埋地输油管道失效原因分析[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术,1999(6):373-375.DENG Min-xian,ZHANG Yong-kai,YUAN Yu-zhu,et al.Failure analysis of an underground oil pipeline[J].Corrosion science and technology protection,1999(6):373-375.
[6]范兆廷,袁宗明.H2S及CO2对管道腐蚀机理与防护研究[J].油气田地面工程,2008,27(10):39-40.FAN Zhao-ting,YUAN Zong-ming.Mechanism and protection research of H2S and CO2 corrosion for pipeline[J].Oil-gasfield surface engineering,2008,27(10):39-40.
[7]刘宏波,王书淼.CO2?H2S对油气管道内腐蚀影响机制[J].油气储运,2007,26(12):43-46.LIU Hong-bo,WANG Shu-miao.Effect of CO2 and H2Son internal corrosion of oil and gas pipeline[J].Oil&gas storage and transportation,2007,26(12):43-46.
[8]张绪平,康学勤,孙智,等.滕州站输油管道失效分析[J].矿山机械,2003(12):62-63.ZHANG Xu-ping,KANG Xue-qin,SUN Zhi,et al.Failure analysis of Tengzhou state oil pipeline[J].Mining&processing equipment,2003(12):62-63.
[9]吕拴录,康延军,乐法国,等.某输油管道刺漏调查分析[J].管道技术与设备,2010(1):48-49.LYU Shuan-lu,KANG Yan-jun,YUE Fa-guo,et al.Investigation and analysis of the washing out of a crude oil pipline[J].Pipline technique and equipment,2010(1):48-49.
[10]娄亮杰,徐忠苹,李爱贵,等.高矿化度油田污水处理系统的腐蚀因素分析及治理措施[J].腐蚀与防护,2018,39(11):892-895.LOU Liang-jie,XU Zhong-ping,LI Ai-gui,et al.Corrosion factor analysis and treatment measures of high mineralization oilfield sewage treatment system[J].Corrosion&protection,2018,39(11):892-895.
[11]刘沛华,陈刚,李志潇.基于光电子能谱的高含水输油管道内壁腐蚀减薄试验分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(6):116-122.LIU Pei-hua,CHEN Gang,LI Zhi-xiao.Experimental analysis on internal wall corrosion thinning phenomenon of oil transmission pipelines with high water cut based on photoelectron spectroscopy[J].Journal of safety science and technology,2016,12(6):116-122.
[12]赵鹏,于杰,郭金宝.钻杆溶解氧腐蚀影响因素分析[J].钢管,2010,39(2):29-33.ZHAO Peng,YU Jie,GUO Jin-bao.Analysis of influencing factors on dissolved oxygen corrosion of drill pipe[J].Steel pipe,2010,39(2):29-33.
[13]谢飞,王月,王兴发,等.辽河油田土壤中溶解氧对X70管线钢腐蚀的影响[J].表面技术,2018,47(10):186-192.XIE Fei,WANG Yue,WANG Xing-fa,et al.Effect of dissolved oxygen on corrosion of X70 pipeline steel in Liaohe oilfield[J].Surface technology,2018,47(10):186-192.
[14]邹妍,王佳,郑莹莹.锈层下碳钢的腐蚀电化学行为特征[J].物理化学学报,2010,26(9):2361-2368.ZOU Yan,WANG Jia,ZHENG Ying-ying.Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of rusted carbon steel[J].Acta physico-chimica sinica,2010,26(9):2361-2368.
[15]魏宝明.金属腐蚀理论及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.WEI Bao-ming.Metals corrosion theory and application[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2004.
[16]MCINTIRE G,LIPPERT J,YUDELSON J.The effect of dissolved CO2 and O2 on the corrosion rate of iron[J].Corrosion,1990,46(2):91-95.
[17]LI Y J,WU J J,ZHANG D,et al.The electrochemical reduction reaction of dissolved oxygen on Q235 carbon steel in alkaline solution containing chloride ions[J].Journal of solid state electrochemistry,2010,14(9):1667-1673.
[18]SARIN P,SNOEYINK V L,BEBEE J,et al.Iron release from corroded iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems:effect of dissolved oxygen[J].Water research,2004,38(5):1259-1269.
[19]殷启帅,杨进,施山山,等.南海东部某油田隔水导管腐蚀失效分析[J].表面技术,2018,47(11):134-141.YIN Qi-shuai,YANG Jin,SHI Shan-shan,et al,Corrosion failure analysis of riser in some oilfield in the east of the South China Sea[J].Surface technology,2018,47(11):134-141.
[20]张登庆,胡宏萍.集输管线垢下腐蚀的闭塞效应研究[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(5):15-16.ZHANG Deng-qing,HU Hong-ping.Blocking effect of corrosion under scale in gathering pipeline[J].Oil-gasfield surface engineering,2002,21(5):15-16.
[21]李力,李家锋,王宏,等.某海底管道腐蚀的原因[J].腐蚀与防护,2017,38(3):240-246.LI Li,LI Jia-feng,WANG Hong,et al.Corrosion cause of a subsea pipeline[J].Corrosion&protection,2017,38(3):240-246.