基于Chirp数据反演琼州海峡海底沉积物物性
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摘要
Chirp浅剖数据不仅能刻画海底地层的地质构造信息,还能用于海底沉积物物性特征的反演。利用在琼州海峡南方主网与海南电网第二回联网工程海底电缆路由调查项目中所获取的浅剖数据,采用地球物理方法即基于Biot-Stoll模型来反演海底表层沉积物声速、密度和孔隙度等物理性质。通过该反演方法得到研究区海底沉积物声速、密度、孔隙度及海底反射系数剖面,其中反演孔隙度、密度与实测孔隙度、密度相对误差均<10%,结果与实测值基本相符,表明Biot-Stoll模型和Chirp浅剖数据反演海底沉积物物性的方法在琼州海峡海域切实可行,为在该海域采用间接方法来获取海底沉积物物理性质特征提供了新的选择,同时也为海洋工程浅剖数据利用提供了新的思路。
The Chirp sub-bottom data can not only characterize the geological structure information of stratum, but also can inverse the physical properties of surface sediments in seabed. Chirp signal is generated by computer with stable energy and good consistency. Formulated-frequency technology is applied to Chirp sub-bottom profiler, and higher frequency gradually attenuates when the signals travel through the sub-bottom sediments. We could study the changes of the physical properties of the sub-bottom sediments by the varieties of the attenuation. This paper uses the chirp data got from the cable route survey of China Southern Power Grid second connecting with Hainan Grid and Biot-Stoll model to inverse the physical properties of surface sediments in seabed of this sea area, and get the inversion velocity, density, porosity of surface sediments. The relative errors of inversion porosity, density are less than 10%, as compared with those of situ detection, which states that the inversion data are basically consistent with the situ detection data. This method can inverse the physical properties of surface sediments on the whole sub-bottom profile continuously, but needs to be optimized to improve the accuracy. This indicates that using chirp data to inverse the physical properties of surface sediments in seabed in Qiongzhou Strait sea area by Biot-Stoll model is feasible, which provides a new choice to get the physical properties of surface sediments indirectly in this sea area, and a new reference of using sub-bottom data in sea engineering survey.
The Chirp sub-bottom data can not only characterize the geological structure information of stratum, but also can inverse the physical properties of surface sediments in seabed. Chirp signal is generated by computer with stable energy and good consistency. Formulated-frequency technology is applied to Chirp sub-bottom profiler, and higher frequency gradually attenuates when the signals travel through the sub-bottom sediments. We could study the changes of the physical properties of the sub-bottom sediments by the varieties of the attenuation. This paper uses the chirp data got from the cable route survey of China Southern Power Grid second connecting with Hainan Grid and Biot-Stoll model to inverse the physical properties of surface sediments in seabed of this sea area, and get the inversion velocity, density, porosity of surface sediments. The relative errors of inversion porosity, density are less than 10%, as compared with those of situ detection, which states that the inversion data are basically consistent with the situ detection data. This method can inverse the physical properties of surface sediments on the whole sub-bottom profile continuously, but needs to be optimized to improve the accuracy. This indicates that using chirp data to inverse the physical properties of surface sediments in seabed in Qiongzhou Strait sea area by Biot-Stoll model is feasible, which provides a new choice to get the physical properties of surface sediments indirectly in this sea area, and a new reference of using sub-bottom data in sea engineering survey.
引文
ANSTEY N A,1977.Seismic Interpretation:The Physical Aspects.Boston:Int.Human Rights Dev.Corp.:33-37.
BIOT M A,1956.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluidsaturated porous solid.Ⅱ.Higher frequency range.The journal of the Acoustic Society of America,28(2):172-191.
BIOT M A,1962.Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in porous media.Appl.Phys.,33(4):1482-1498.
BRESLAU L R,1964.Sound Reflection from the Sea Floor and Its Geological Significance[EB/OL].[2016-05-14].http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58011.
BULL J M,QUINN R,DIX J K,1998.Reflection Coefficient Calculation from Marine High Resolution Seismic Reflection(Chirp)Data and Application to an Archaeological Case Study.Marine Geophysical Researches,20:1-11.
曹正良,张叔英,马在田,2006.BICSQS模型与Biot-Stoll模型海底界面声波反射和散射的比较.声学学报,31(5):389-398.[CAOZhengliang,ZHANG Shuying,MA Zaitian,2006.Comparison of reflections and interface scatterings from BICSQS model and Biot-Stoll model seafloors.ACTA acoustic,31(5):389-398.]
陈静,2011.浅剖数据在南海北部水合物区海底底质分类中的应用[D].广州:中国科学院南海海洋研究所.[CHEN Jing,2011.Application of sub-bottom profile data in the marine sediment classification in the northern South China Sea gas hydrate area[D].Guangzhou:South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy.]
陈静,阎贫,王彦林,金丹,林秋金,2012.基于Biot-Stoll模型声速反演中的参数选择--以南海南部沉积物为例.热带海洋学报,31(1):50-54.[CHEN Jing,YAN Pin,WANG Yanlin,JIN Dan,LIN Qiujin,2012.Inversion of sound velocity of seafloor sediments from the south China Sea with Biot-Stoll model.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,31(1):50-54.]
陈亮,张玉芬,李团结,杨文丰,陈静,2014.琼州海峡及周边海域沉积环境及近万年以来沉积演化.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,39(6):696-704.[CHEN Liang,ZHANG Yufen,LI Tuanjie,YANGWenfeng,CHEN Jing,2014.Sedimentary Environment and its Evolution of Qiongzhou Strait and Nearby Seas since Last Ten Thousand Years.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,39(6):696-704.]
陈森,2015.Chirp浅剖数据声学反演在东沙群岛西南泥火山区水合物探测中的应用[D].广州:中国科学院南海海洋研究所.[CHEN Sen,2015.Application of inversion of the Chirp sub-bottom data to natural gas hydrates detection in mud volcano area in southwest of Dongsha Islands[D].Guangzhou:South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy.]
陈森,阎贫,王彦林,2016.东沙群岛西南泥火山区Chirp浅剖数据的海底物性反演.地球科学,41(3):425-432.[CHEN Sen,YAN Pin,WANG Yanlin,2016,Inversion of the physical Properties of the seabed Using Chirp Sub-Bottom data in Mud Volcanoes Field of the Southwest of Dongsha Islands.Earth Science,41(3):425-432.]
卢博,刘强,2008.海底沉积物声学响应中的颗粒与孔隙因素.热带海洋学报,27(3):23-29.[LU Bo,LIU Qiang,2008.Grain and pore factors in acoustic response of seafloor sediments.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,27(3):23-29.]
陆基孟,王永刚,2009.地震勘探原理.3版.北京:中国石油出版社:141.[LU Jimeng,WANG Yonggang,2009.The principle of Seismic exploration.3rd ed..Beijing:China Petroleum Publishing House:141.]
吕修亚,杨文丰,陈静,史华明,肖志健,2014.南方主网与海南电网第二回联网工程海底电缆路由勘察报告.广州:国家海洋局南海调查技术中心.[LV Xiuya,YANG Wenfeng,CHEN Jing,SHIHuaming,XIAO Zhijian,2014.Survey Report on the Submarine Cable Routing between the South Main Network and the Second Network of Hainan Power Grid.Guangzhou:South China Sea Marine Survey and Technology Center,SOA.]
SCHOCK S G,LESTER R Le Blanc,LARRY A Mayer,1989.Chirp subbottom profiler for quantitative sediment analysis.Geophysics,54(4):445-450.
SCHOCK S G,2004a.A method for estimating the physical and acoustic properties of the seabed using chirp sonar data.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,29:1200-1217.
SCHOCK S G,2004b.Remote sediment estimates of physical and acoustic properties in the South China Sea using chirp sonar data and the Biot model.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,29:1218-1230.
SPENCE G D,MINSHULL T A,FINK C,1995.Seismic Studies of Methane Gas Hydrate,Offshore Vancouver Island.Proc.ODP,Sci.Results 146(Pt 1):163-174.
STOLL R,1977.Acoustic waves in ocean sediments.Geophysics,42:715-725.
陶春辉,2005a.海底沉积物声学原位测试和特性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学.[TAO Chunhui,2005a.In Situ Test and Characteristic Study of Seabed Sediment[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University.]
陶春辉,BAFFI S,WILKENS R H,FU S S,RICHARDSON M D,金翔龙,2005b.Biot反演在夏威夷钙质沉积物原位测量声速和声衰减中的应用.海洋学报,27(3):80-84.[TAO Chunhui,BAFFI S,WILKENS R H,FU S S,RICHARDSON M D,JIN Xianglong,2005b.Biot inversion for in-situ velocity and attenuation data,27(3):80-84.]
陶春辉,金翔龙,王东,2006.海底沉积物声学特性和原位测试技术.北京:海洋出版社:38.[TAO Chunhui,JIN Xianglong,WANG Dong,2006.Acoustic characteristics and in-situ measurement of seabed sediments.Beijing:Ocean Press:38.]
WARNER M,1990.Absolute reflection coefficients from deep seismic reflections.Tectonophysics,173:15-20.
王景强,郭常升,刘保华,陈文景,侯正瑜,韩国忠,2016.基于Buckingham模型和Biot-Stoll模型的南沙海域沉积物声速分布特征.地球学报,37(3):359-367.[WANG Jingqiang,GUO Changsheng,LIU Baohua,CHEN Wenjing,HOU Zhengyu,HAN Guozhong,2016.Sound Speed Distribution of Seafloor Sediments in Nansha Islands Sea Based on Buckingham Model and Biot-Stoll Model.Acta Geoscientic Sinica,37(3):359-367.]
吴自银,郑玉龙,初风友,陶春辉,高金耀,2005.海底浅表层信息声探测技术研究现状及发展.地球科学进展,20(11):1210-1217.[WUZiyin,ZHENG Yulong,CHU Fengyou,TAO Chunhui,GAO Jinyao,2005.Research Status and Prospect of Sonar detecting,20(11):1210-1217.]
ZHENG H B,YAN P,CHEN J.WANG Y L,2012.Seabed sediment classification in the northern South China Sea using inversion method.Applied Ocean Research,39:131-136.
朱祖扬,王东,周建平,王秀明,2012.基于非饱和Biot-Stoll模型的海底沉积物介质声频散特性研究.地球物理学报,55(1):180-188.[ZHU Zuyang,WANG Dong,ZHOU Jianping,WANG Xiuming,2012.Acoustic wave dispersion and attenuation in marine sediment based on partially gas-saturated Biot-Stoll model,Chinese Journal of geophysics,55(1):180-188.]
BIOT M A,1956.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluidsaturated porous solid.Ⅱ.Higher frequency range.The journal of the Acoustic Society of America,28(2):172-191.
BIOT M A,1962.Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in porous media.Appl.Phys.,33(4):1482-1498.
BRESLAU L R,1964.Sound Reflection from the Sea Floor and Its Geological Significance[EB/OL].[2016-05-14].http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58011.
BULL J M,QUINN R,DIX J K,1998.Reflection Coefficient Calculation from Marine High Resolution Seismic Reflection(Chirp)Data and Application to an Archaeological Case Study.Marine Geophysical Researches,20:1-11.
曹正良,张叔英,马在田,2006.BICSQS模型与Biot-Stoll模型海底界面声波反射和散射的比较.声学学报,31(5):389-398.[CAOZhengliang,ZHANG Shuying,MA Zaitian,2006.Comparison of reflections and interface scatterings from BICSQS model and Biot-Stoll model seafloors.ACTA acoustic,31(5):389-398.]
陈静,2011.浅剖数据在南海北部水合物区海底底质分类中的应用[D].广州:中国科学院南海海洋研究所.[CHEN Jing,2011.Application of sub-bottom profile data in the marine sediment classification in the northern South China Sea gas hydrate area[D].Guangzhou:South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy.]
陈静,阎贫,王彦林,金丹,林秋金,2012.基于Biot-Stoll模型声速反演中的参数选择--以南海南部沉积物为例.热带海洋学报,31(1):50-54.[CHEN Jing,YAN Pin,WANG Yanlin,JIN Dan,LIN Qiujin,2012.Inversion of sound velocity of seafloor sediments from the south China Sea with Biot-Stoll model.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,31(1):50-54.]
陈亮,张玉芬,李团结,杨文丰,陈静,2014.琼州海峡及周边海域沉积环境及近万年以来沉积演化.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,39(6):696-704.[CHEN Liang,ZHANG Yufen,LI Tuanjie,YANGWenfeng,CHEN Jing,2014.Sedimentary Environment and its Evolution of Qiongzhou Strait and Nearby Seas since Last Ten Thousand Years.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,39(6):696-704.]
陈森,2015.Chirp浅剖数据声学反演在东沙群岛西南泥火山区水合物探测中的应用[D].广州:中国科学院南海海洋研究所.[CHEN Sen,2015.Application of inversion of the Chirp sub-bottom data to natural gas hydrates detection in mud volcano area in southwest of Dongsha Islands[D].Guangzhou:South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy.]
陈森,阎贫,王彦林,2016.东沙群岛西南泥火山区Chirp浅剖数据的海底物性反演.地球科学,41(3):425-432.[CHEN Sen,YAN Pin,WANG Yanlin,2016,Inversion of the physical Properties of the seabed Using Chirp Sub-Bottom data in Mud Volcanoes Field of the Southwest of Dongsha Islands.Earth Science,41(3):425-432.]
卢博,刘强,2008.海底沉积物声学响应中的颗粒与孔隙因素.热带海洋学报,27(3):23-29.[LU Bo,LIU Qiang,2008.Grain and pore factors in acoustic response of seafloor sediments.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,27(3):23-29.]
陆基孟,王永刚,2009.地震勘探原理.3版.北京:中国石油出版社:141.[LU Jimeng,WANG Yonggang,2009.The principle of Seismic exploration.3rd ed..Beijing:China Petroleum Publishing House:141.]
吕修亚,杨文丰,陈静,史华明,肖志健,2014.南方主网与海南电网第二回联网工程海底电缆路由勘察报告.广州:国家海洋局南海调查技术中心.[LV Xiuya,YANG Wenfeng,CHEN Jing,SHIHuaming,XIAO Zhijian,2014.Survey Report on the Submarine Cable Routing between the South Main Network and the Second Network of Hainan Power Grid.Guangzhou:South China Sea Marine Survey and Technology Center,SOA.]
SCHOCK S G,LESTER R Le Blanc,LARRY A Mayer,1989.Chirp subbottom profiler for quantitative sediment analysis.Geophysics,54(4):445-450.
SCHOCK S G,2004a.A method for estimating the physical and acoustic properties of the seabed using chirp sonar data.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,29:1200-1217.
SCHOCK S G,2004b.Remote sediment estimates of physical and acoustic properties in the South China Sea using chirp sonar data and the Biot model.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,29:1218-1230.
SPENCE G D,MINSHULL T A,FINK C,1995.Seismic Studies of Methane Gas Hydrate,Offshore Vancouver Island.Proc.ODP,Sci.Results 146(Pt 1):163-174.
STOLL R,1977.Acoustic waves in ocean sediments.Geophysics,42:715-725.
陶春辉,2005a.海底沉积物声学原位测试和特性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学.[TAO Chunhui,2005a.In Situ Test and Characteristic Study of Seabed Sediment[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University.]
陶春辉,BAFFI S,WILKENS R H,FU S S,RICHARDSON M D,金翔龙,2005b.Biot反演在夏威夷钙质沉积物原位测量声速和声衰减中的应用.海洋学报,27(3):80-84.[TAO Chunhui,BAFFI S,WILKENS R H,FU S S,RICHARDSON M D,JIN Xianglong,2005b.Biot inversion for in-situ velocity and attenuation data,27(3):80-84.]
陶春辉,金翔龙,王东,2006.海底沉积物声学特性和原位测试技术.北京:海洋出版社:38.[TAO Chunhui,JIN Xianglong,WANG Dong,2006.Acoustic characteristics and in-situ measurement of seabed sediments.Beijing:Ocean Press:38.]
WARNER M,1990.Absolute reflection coefficients from deep seismic reflections.Tectonophysics,173:15-20.
王景强,郭常升,刘保华,陈文景,侯正瑜,韩国忠,2016.基于Buckingham模型和Biot-Stoll模型的南沙海域沉积物声速分布特征.地球学报,37(3):359-367.[WANG Jingqiang,GUO Changsheng,LIU Baohua,CHEN Wenjing,HOU Zhengyu,HAN Guozhong,2016.Sound Speed Distribution of Seafloor Sediments in Nansha Islands Sea Based on Buckingham Model and Biot-Stoll Model.Acta Geoscientic Sinica,37(3):359-367.]
吴自银,郑玉龙,初风友,陶春辉,高金耀,2005.海底浅表层信息声探测技术研究现状及发展.地球科学进展,20(11):1210-1217.[WUZiyin,ZHENG Yulong,CHU Fengyou,TAO Chunhui,GAO Jinyao,2005.Research Status and Prospect of Sonar detecting,20(11):1210-1217.]
ZHENG H B,YAN P,CHEN J.WANG Y L,2012.Seabed sediment classification in the northern South China Sea using inversion method.Applied Ocean Research,39:131-136.
朱祖扬,王东,周建平,王秀明,2012.基于非饱和Biot-Stoll模型的海底沉积物介质声频散特性研究.地球物理学报,55(1):180-188.[ZHU Zuyang,WANG Dong,ZHOU Jianping,WANG Xiuming,2012.Acoustic wave dispersion and attenuation in marine sediment based on partially gas-saturated Biot-Stoll model,Chinese Journal of geophysics,55(1):180-188.]