海洋拖缆地震资料初至波走时层析反演
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摘要
初至波走时层析反演技术作为建立近地表速度模型的重要手段,是解决陆地资料复杂静校正问题的关键技术。而折射波广泛发育的海洋地震资料,对折射波信息的关注与运用并没有得到广泛的重视。本文首次将层析反演方法应用于海洋拖缆地震数据的近海底速度模型的建立。本文方法与陆地资料层析反演的主要区别在于:(1)在震源信号的最小相位化处理后进行初至时间的拾取,避免了混合相位子波初至拾取不准带来的误差;(2)以海水深度与海水速度作为反演约束条件,减小了迭代误差。实测二维资料的层析反演结果表明,本文方法可反演出较为精确的海洋地层速度结构。
The first-arrival wave traveltime tomographic inversion is a key technology to solve the complex static correction problem of land data as an important means to establish the near-surface velocity model. However, the attention and application of refractive wave information of marine seismic data which possesses widely developed refractive wave have not been paid much attention. In this paper, the seismic tomographic inversion technique is applied to marine seismic data to obtain the velocity structure of the seabed. The main difference with the tomographic inversion of land data is:(1). The pick-up of the first-arrival time should be carried out after the minimum phase processing of the source signal to avoid the error due to the inaccurate first-arrival time picking of the mixed phase wavelet.(2). The depth and the velocity information of the seawater layer are used as the inversion constraint conditions to reduce the iterative error. The results of the actual 2D multi-channel survey line tomography show that the first-arrival wave traveltime tomography can invert the more accurate marine stratigraphic velocity structure.
The first-arrival wave traveltime tomographic inversion is a key technology to solve the complex static correction problem of land data as an important means to establish the near-surface velocity model. However, the attention and application of refractive wave information of marine seismic data which possesses widely developed refractive wave have not been paid much attention. In this paper, the seismic tomographic inversion technique is applied to marine seismic data to obtain the velocity structure of the seabed. The main difference with the tomographic inversion of land data is:(1). The pick-up of the first-arrival time should be carried out after the minimum phase processing of the source signal to avoid the error due to the inaccurate first-arrival time picking of the mixed phase wavelet.(2). The depth and the velocity information of the seawater layer are used as the inversion constraint conditions to reduce the iterative error. The results of the actual 2D multi-channel survey line tomography show that the first-arrival wave traveltime tomography can invert the more accurate marine stratigraphic velocity structure.
引文
[1]林伯香,肖万富,李博.层析静校正在黄土塬弯宽线资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(4):417-420.Lin BX,Xiao WF,Li B.Application of tomostatics in data processing from crooked wide line geometry in Loess Tableland[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(4):417-420.(in Chinese).
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[5]李录明,罗省贤,赵波.初至波表层模型层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(2):559-564. Li LM,Luo XX,Zhao B.Tomographic inversion of first break in surface model[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(5):559-564.(in Chinese).
[6]李家康,余钦范.近地表速度的约束层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):135-140.Li JK,Yu QF.Constrained tomographic inversion for near-surface veloeity[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(2):135-140.(in Chinese).
[7]张继国,刘连升.复杂区初至层析反演静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):383-385,395.Zhang JG,Liu LS.Static corrections by first breaks tomographic inversion in complex area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(4):383-385,395.(in Chinese).
[8]韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):475-482.Han XL,Yang CC,Ma SH,et al.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):475-482.(in Chinese).
[9]李福元,赵瑞培.复杂地表地震资料的地形校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(S):31-34.Li FY,Zhao RP.Topographic correction for seismic data on complex near surface[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(S):31-34.(in Chinese).
[10]潘军,栾锡武,孙运宝,等.应用TAUP变换压制海洋高分辨率地震勘探中的线性干扰[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):0954-0962.Pan J,Luan XW,Sun YB,et al.The linear noise attenuation using TAUP transform in high resolution marine seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(2):0954-0962.(in Chinese).
[11]Mitchell JF,Bolander RJ.Structural interpretation using refraction velocities from marine seismic surveys[J].Geophysics,1986,51(1):12-19.
[12]符溪,文鹏飞,陈洁,等.北黄海盆地反射地震勘探中折射波资料的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):369-372.Fu X,Wen PF,Chen J,et al.Application of refraction data in reflection exploration in north Yellow Sea[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):369-372.(in Chinese).
[13]王衍棠,王后金.折射波资料在北黄海盆地地震资料解释中的应用[J].物探与化探,2013,37(1):117-121.Wand YT,Wang HJ.The application of refraction data to seismic data interpretation in the north yellow Sea basin[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,37(1):117-121.(in Chinese).
[14]吕修亚,阎贫,陈洁,等.折射方法在南海北部潮汕坳陷中生界地层研究中的应用[J].热带海洋学报,2009,28(1):43-47.Lv XY,Yan P,Chen J,et al.Application of refraction velocity in studing Mesozoic strata in Chaoshan Depression on northern margin of South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2009,28(1):43-47.(in Chinese).
[15]陈江欣,张宝金,宋海斌.南海北部新生界地层的远偏移距折射波速度特征[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(7):2223-2234.Chen JX,Zhang BJ,Song HB.Far offset refractive velocity properties of the Cenozoic strata in the northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(7):2223-2234.(in Chinese).
[16]郝沪军,汪瑞良,张向涛,等.珠江口盆地东部海相中生界识别及分布[J].中国海上油气,2004,16(2):84-88.Hao HJ,Wang RL,Zhang XT,et al.Mesozoic marine sediment identification and distribution in the eastern Pearl River Mouth basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2004,16(2):84-88.(in Chinese).
[17]郝沪军,施和生,张向涛,等.潮汕坳陷中生界及其石油地质条件——基于LF35-1-1探索井钻探结果的讨论[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(3):151-156.Hao HJ,Shi HS,Zhang XT,et al.Mesozoic sediments and their petroleum geology conditions in Chaoshan sag:A discussion based on drilling results from the exploratory well LF35-1-1[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(3):151-156.(in Chinese).
[18]林秋金,阎贫.AVO反演在南海北部潮汕坳陷中生界地层物性研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1424-1431.Lin QJ,Yan P.Application of AVO inversion to physical property analysis of Mesozoic strata in Chaoshan Depression on the north margin of the South China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(4):1424-1431.(in Chinese).
[2]樊满仓.层析静校正在黄土塬地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(S1):36-38,72.Fan MC.Application of tomographic static correction in Loess Plateau area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S1):36-38,72.(in Chinese).
[3]王海,赵瑞培,吴明生,等.柴北缘地区地震静校正技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(S1):150-153.Wang H,Zhao RP,Wu MS,et al.Seismic static correction studies on the northern edge of Qaidam Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(S1):150-153.(in Chinese).
[4]冯世民.层析静校正在三维地震资料再处理中的应用及效果[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(3):1234-1242.Feng SM.Application and effect of tomographic static correction in 3D seismic data reprocessing[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(3):1234-1242.(in Chinese).
[5]李录明,罗省贤,赵波.初至波表层模型层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(2):559-564. Li LM,Luo XX,Zhao B.Tomographic inversion of first break in surface model[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(5):559-564.(in Chinese).
[6]李家康,余钦范.近地表速度的约束层析反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):135-140.Li JK,Yu QF.Constrained tomographic inversion for near-surface veloeity[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(2):135-140.(in Chinese).
[7]张继国,刘连升.复杂区初至层析反演静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):383-385,395.Zhang JG,Liu LS.Static corrections by first breaks tomographic inversion in complex area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(4):383-385,395.(in Chinese).
[8]韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):475-482.Han XL,Yang CC,Ma SH,et al.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):475-482.(in Chinese).
[9]李福元,赵瑞培.复杂地表地震资料的地形校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(S):31-34.Li FY,Zhao RP.Topographic correction for seismic data on complex near surface[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(S):31-34.(in Chinese).
[10]潘军,栾锡武,孙运宝,等.应用TAUP变换压制海洋高分辨率地震勘探中的线性干扰[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):0954-0962.Pan J,Luan XW,Sun YB,et al.The linear noise attenuation using TAUP transform in high resolution marine seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(2):0954-0962.(in Chinese).
[11]Mitchell JF,Bolander RJ.Structural interpretation using refraction velocities from marine seismic surveys[J].Geophysics,1986,51(1):12-19.
[12]符溪,文鹏飞,陈洁,等.北黄海盆地反射地震勘探中折射波资料的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):369-372.Fu X,Wen PF,Chen J,et al.Application of refraction data in reflection exploration in north Yellow Sea[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):369-372.(in Chinese).
[13]王衍棠,王后金.折射波资料在北黄海盆地地震资料解释中的应用[J].物探与化探,2013,37(1):117-121.Wand YT,Wang HJ.The application of refraction data to seismic data interpretation in the north yellow Sea basin[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,37(1):117-121.(in Chinese).
[14]吕修亚,阎贫,陈洁,等.折射方法在南海北部潮汕坳陷中生界地层研究中的应用[J].热带海洋学报,2009,28(1):43-47.Lv XY,Yan P,Chen J,et al.Application of refraction velocity in studing Mesozoic strata in Chaoshan Depression on northern margin of South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2009,28(1):43-47.(in Chinese).
[15]陈江欣,张宝金,宋海斌.南海北部新生界地层的远偏移距折射波速度特征[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(7):2223-2234.Chen JX,Zhang BJ,Song HB.Far offset refractive velocity properties of the Cenozoic strata in the northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(7):2223-2234.(in Chinese).
[16]郝沪军,汪瑞良,张向涛,等.珠江口盆地东部海相中生界识别及分布[J].中国海上油气,2004,16(2):84-88.Hao HJ,Wang RL,Zhang XT,et al.Mesozoic marine sediment identification and distribution in the eastern Pearl River Mouth basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2004,16(2):84-88.(in Chinese).
[17]郝沪军,施和生,张向涛,等.潮汕坳陷中生界及其石油地质条件——基于LF35-1-1探索井钻探结果的讨论[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(3):151-156.Hao HJ,Shi HS,Zhang XT,et al.Mesozoic sediments and their petroleum geology conditions in Chaoshan sag:A discussion based on drilling results from the exploratory well LF35-1-1[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(3):151-156.(in Chinese).
[18]林秋金,阎贫.AVO反演在南海北部潮汕坳陷中生界地层物性研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1424-1431.Lin QJ,Yan P.Application of AVO inversion to physical property analysis of Mesozoic strata in Chaoshan Depression on the north margin of the South China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(4):1424-1431.(in Chinese).