留守儿童的心理弹性:分化、归因、干预
|
摘要
近十年来,受积极心理学思潮的影响,学术界开始关注留守儿童的心理弹性问题。基于文献分析发现,留守儿童的心理弹性总体上处于中等偏上的水平,并且出现了性别、年龄、监护类型等视角下的群体分化;家庭、学校、社会和个人等因素对留守儿童的心理弹性具有显著的影响;家庭、学校、社会及个人应充分行动,积极采取干预措施,共同提升留守儿童的心理弹性,保障留守儿童的身心健康。
With the influence of positive psychology,the mental resilience of left-behind children in rural areas has drawn much attention in recent years. Based on literature study and data analysis,this paper finds that: the level of left-behind children' mental resilience is a little higher than the mean level on the whole; and the population differentiation is found in these children's mental resilience from perspectives of gender,age,and types of care-taking; family factors,school factors,social factors and personal factors have significant effect on left-behind children' mental resilience. The active intervention measures should be taken by families,schools,communities and left-behind children to improve leftbehind children' mental resilience and mental health.
With the influence of positive psychology,the mental resilience of left-behind children in rural areas has drawn much attention in recent years. Based on literature study and data analysis,this paper finds that: the level of left-behind children' mental resilience is a little higher than the mean level on the whole; and the population differentiation is found in these children's mental resilience from perspectives of gender,age,and types of care-taking; family factors,school factors,social factors and personal factors have significant effect on left-behind children' mental resilience. The active intervention measures should be taken by families,schools,communities and left-behind children to improve leftbehind children' mental resilience and mental health.
引文
[1]段成荣,吕利丹,郭静,等.我国农村留守儿童生存和发展基本状况——基于第六次人口普查数据的分析[J].人口学刊,2013,(3):37-49.
[2]唐有财,符平.亲子分离对留守儿童的影响——基于亲子分离具体化的实证研究[J].人口学刊,2011,(5):41-49.
[3]Rutter M. Protective Factors in Children's Responses to Stress and Disadvantage[J]. Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore,1979,(3):324-338.
[4]Henley R. Resilience Enhancing Psychosocial Programs for Youth in Different Cultural Contexts:Evaluation and Research[J].Progress in Development Studies,2010,(4):295-307.
[5]Connor K M,Davidson J R. Development of a New Resilience Scale:The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)[J].Depression&Anxiety,2003,(2):76-82.
[6]Luthar S S,Cicchetti D,Becker B. The construct of Resilience:a Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work[J]. Child Development,2000,(3):543-562.
[7]胡月琴,甘怡群.青少年心理韧性量表的编制和效度验证[J].心理学报,2008,(8):902-912.
[8]Luthar S S. Resilience in Development:A Synthesis of Research Across Five Decades[C]∥Developmental Psychopathology:Volume Three:Risk,Disorder,and Adaptation,2015:739,795.
[9]Martineztorteya C,Anne B G,Von E A,et al. Resilience Among Children Exposed to Domestic Violence:The Role of Risk and Protective Factors[J]. Child Development,2009,(2):562-577.
[10]宋广文,何云凤,丁琳,等.有留守经历的中学生心理健康、心理弹性与主观幸福感的关系[J].中国特殊教育,2013,(2):87-91.
[11]周永红,吕催芳,徐凡皓.留守儿童心理弹性与心理健康的关系研究[J].中国特殊教育,2013,(10):52-59.
[12]徐贤明,钱胜.心理韧性对留守儿童品行问题倾向的保护作用机制[J].中国特殊教育,2012,(3):68-72.
[13]金英花,刘忠雪,金桂花,等.吉林省留守学生前瞻适应与心理韧性研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2013,(9):969-971.
[14]刘红升,靳小怡.教养方式与留守儿童心理弹性:特征和关系——来自河南省叶县的调查证据[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2018,(1):222-229.
[15]徐礼平,田宗远,邝宏达.留守儿童心理安全感与心理韧性现状及其关系分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2013,(9):923-925.
[16]周文娇,高文斌,孙昕霙,等.四川省流动儿童和留守儿童的心理复原力特征[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2011,(3):386-390.
[17]李永鑫,骆鹏程,谭亚梅.农村留守儿童心理弹性研究[J].河南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008,(1):13-18.
[18]牛英.留守儿童心理弹性与领悟社会支持的关系和干预研究[D].南京:南京师范大学心理学院,2014.
[19]应湘,郭绵玲,方佳燕.外来务工人员子女与留守儿童的心理弹性结构的比较研究[J].教育导刊,2013,(11):23-26.
[20]董泽松,张大均.少数民族地区留守儿童心理弹性与孤独感的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2013,(7):827-829.
[21]Mandleco B L,Peery J C. An Organizational Framework for Conceptualizing Resilience in Children[J]. Journal of Child&Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing,2000,(3):99–112.
[22]Diane M. Hoffman. Risky Investments:Parenting and the Production of the“Resilient Child”[J]. Health Risk&Society,2010,(4):385-394.
[23]Zakeri H,Jowkar B,Razmjoee M. Parenting Styles and Resilience[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2010,(5):1067-1070.
[24]Werner E E. Resilience in Development[J]. Current Directions in Psychological Science,2010,(3):81-84.
[25]梁静,赵玉芳,谭力.农村留守儿童家庭功能状况及其影响因素研究[J].中国学校卫生,2007,(7):631-633.
[26]赵永靖,范红霞,刘丽,等.亲子依恋与初中留守儿童心理韧性的关系[J].中国特殊教育,2014,(7):59-63.
[27]Bonanno G A. Loss,Trauma,and Human Resilience:Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events?[J]. American Psychologist,2004,(1):20.
[28]Hashima P Y,Amato P R. Poverty,Social Support,and Parental Behavior[J]. Child Development,1994,(2):394-403.
[29]李永鑫,骆鹏程,聂光辉.人格特征、社会支持对留守儿童心理弹性的影响[J].河南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,(6):127-130.
[30]谢玲平,邹维兴.留守初中生的心理弹性及其与自我效能感的相关研究[J].教育测量与评价,2014,(11):47-51.
[2]唐有财,符平.亲子分离对留守儿童的影响——基于亲子分离具体化的实证研究[J].人口学刊,2011,(5):41-49.
[3]Rutter M. Protective Factors in Children's Responses to Stress and Disadvantage[J]. Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore,1979,(3):324-338.
[4]Henley R. Resilience Enhancing Psychosocial Programs for Youth in Different Cultural Contexts:Evaluation and Research[J].Progress in Development Studies,2010,(4):295-307.
[5]Connor K M,Davidson J R. Development of a New Resilience Scale:The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)[J].Depression&Anxiety,2003,(2):76-82.
[6]Luthar S S,Cicchetti D,Becker B. The construct of Resilience:a Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work[J]. Child Development,2000,(3):543-562.
[7]胡月琴,甘怡群.青少年心理韧性量表的编制和效度验证[J].心理学报,2008,(8):902-912.
[8]Luthar S S. Resilience in Development:A Synthesis of Research Across Five Decades[C]∥Developmental Psychopathology:Volume Three:Risk,Disorder,and Adaptation,2015:739,795.
[9]Martineztorteya C,Anne B G,Von E A,et al. Resilience Among Children Exposed to Domestic Violence:The Role of Risk and Protective Factors[J]. Child Development,2009,(2):562-577.
[10]宋广文,何云凤,丁琳,等.有留守经历的中学生心理健康、心理弹性与主观幸福感的关系[J].中国特殊教育,2013,(2):87-91.
[11]周永红,吕催芳,徐凡皓.留守儿童心理弹性与心理健康的关系研究[J].中国特殊教育,2013,(10):52-59.
[12]徐贤明,钱胜.心理韧性对留守儿童品行问题倾向的保护作用机制[J].中国特殊教育,2012,(3):68-72.
[13]金英花,刘忠雪,金桂花,等.吉林省留守学生前瞻适应与心理韧性研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2013,(9):969-971.
[14]刘红升,靳小怡.教养方式与留守儿童心理弹性:特征和关系——来自河南省叶县的调查证据[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2018,(1):222-229.
[15]徐礼平,田宗远,邝宏达.留守儿童心理安全感与心理韧性现状及其关系分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2013,(9):923-925.
[16]周文娇,高文斌,孙昕霙,等.四川省流动儿童和留守儿童的心理复原力特征[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2011,(3):386-390.
[17]李永鑫,骆鹏程,谭亚梅.农村留守儿童心理弹性研究[J].河南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2008,(1):13-18.
[18]牛英.留守儿童心理弹性与领悟社会支持的关系和干预研究[D].南京:南京师范大学心理学院,2014.
[19]应湘,郭绵玲,方佳燕.外来务工人员子女与留守儿童的心理弹性结构的比较研究[J].教育导刊,2013,(11):23-26.
[20]董泽松,张大均.少数民族地区留守儿童心理弹性与孤独感的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2013,(7):827-829.
[21]Mandleco B L,Peery J C. An Organizational Framework for Conceptualizing Resilience in Children[J]. Journal of Child&Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing,2000,(3):99–112.
[22]Diane M. Hoffman. Risky Investments:Parenting and the Production of the“Resilient Child”[J]. Health Risk&Society,2010,(4):385-394.
[23]Zakeri H,Jowkar B,Razmjoee M. Parenting Styles and Resilience[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2010,(5):1067-1070.
[24]Werner E E. Resilience in Development[J]. Current Directions in Psychological Science,2010,(3):81-84.
[25]梁静,赵玉芳,谭力.农村留守儿童家庭功能状况及其影响因素研究[J].中国学校卫生,2007,(7):631-633.
[26]赵永靖,范红霞,刘丽,等.亲子依恋与初中留守儿童心理韧性的关系[J].中国特殊教育,2014,(7):59-63.
[27]Bonanno G A. Loss,Trauma,and Human Resilience:Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events?[J]. American Psychologist,2004,(1):20.
[28]Hashima P Y,Amato P R. Poverty,Social Support,and Parental Behavior[J]. Child Development,1994,(2):394-403.
[29]李永鑫,骆鹏程,聂光辉.人格特征、社会支持对留守儿童心理弹性的影响[J].河南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,(6):127-130.
[30]谢玲平,邹维兴.留守初中生的心理弹性及其与自我效能感的相关研究[J].教育测量与评价,2014,(11):47-51.