2FL-2农家肥和化肥联合施用机的研制
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摘要
对农家肥和化肥混合施用的机械化状况进行调查后,利用施肥技术,对垄上农家肥和化肥施肥机械进行研究,研制出了垄上农家肥和化肥联合施肥机械,用于底肥和追肥施用,并进行了田间试验,结果表明,该机具设计合理,具有结构紧凑、调整方便等特点。通过性能测验得出农家肥施肥深度为100~150 mm、化肥施肥深度50~70 mm、农家肥施肥量0.5~0.7 kg·m-2、化肥施肥量0.015~0.03 kg·m-2、作业速度1.94 m·s-1。该机施用于农家肥和化肥垄作施肥,主要用于起垄机和播种机的配套施肥装置,其使用有利于提高液态肥料的利用率、保护环境、减少环境污染。
Through the inquiry of the mechanization of farm manure and chemical fertilizer mixed application,the fertilizer machinery of farm manure and chemical fertilizer were studied on the ridge of the field by the fertilization technology. Machinery of farm manure and chemical fertilizer on the ridge of the field had been developed to apply base fertilizer and after fertilizer,and tested in field trial based on its advantages of non-dust. The results showed the design of liquid fertilizer applicator was reasonable with multi-purpose usage,and it had characteristics of compact structure and convenient adjustment. Optimized working parameters of field trial were as follows:farm manure depth of 100-150 cm,fertilization depth of 50-70 mm,farm manure rate of 0.5-0.7 kg·m-2, fertilizer rate of 0.015-0.03 kg·m-2and operation velocity of 1.94 m·s-1.The main supporting fertilization ridging machine and device of sowing machine were used for the machine,which was helpful to improve the use of liquid fertilizer rate,protecting environment and reducing the pollution of the environment.
Through the inquiry of the mechanization of farm manure and chemical fertilizer mixed application,the fertilizer machinery of farm manure and chemical fertilizer were studied on the ridge of the field by the fertilization technology. Machinery of farm manure and chemical fertilizer on the ridge of the field had been developed to apply base fertilizer and after fertilizer,and tested in field trial based on its advantages of non-dust. The results showed the design of liquid fertilizer applicator was reasonable with multi-purpose usage,and it had characteristics of compact structure and convenient adjustment. Optimized working parameters of field trial were as follows:farm manure depth of 100-150 cm,fertilization depth of 50-70 mm,farm manure rate of 0.5-0.7 kg·m-2, fertilizer rate of 0.015-0.03 kg·m-2and operation velocity of 1.94 m·s-1.The main supporting fertilization ridging machine and device of sowing machine were used for the machine,which was helpful to improve the use of liquid fertilizer rate,protecting environment and reducing the pollution of the environment.
引文
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[13]李爱芹.农家肥撒施机关键部件的试验研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[14]潘世强,梁文甲,温越英,等.地轮驱动式农家肥撒施机的研制[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008(2):229-231.
[15]陈长海,许春林,毕春辉,等.水稻插秧机侧深施肥技术及装置的研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2012,24(6):10-12.
[16]翟巍,范雪微,夏厚禹,等.有机肥对烤烟干物质积累及分配的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2012,24(4):4-9.
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[19]Camp C R,Sadler E J,Evans D E,et al.Variable-rate,digitally controlled metering device[J].Transactions of the ASAE,2000(16):39-44.
[2]曾希柏,李菊梅.中国不同地区化肥施用及其对粮食生产的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(3):387-392.
[3]黄国勤,王兴祥,钱海燕,等.施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):656-660.
[4]张智峰,张卫峰.我国化肥施用现状及趋势[J].磷肥与复肥,2008,23(6):9-12.
[5]徐明岗,李冬初,李菊梅,等.化肥有机肥配施对水稻养分吸收和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(10):3133-3139.
[6]蔡联合,韦建玉,白森,等.农家肥不同施用方式对烟草成长及烤烟品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(3):336-340.
[7]吕士海,潘玉落,聂亮.农家肥在现代农业中的作用[J].现代农业,2009(7):31-32.
[8]李志红,李锦泽,侯桂凤,等.变量施肥机的设计[J].农机化研究,2008(8):109-111.
[9]王金武,纪文义,冯金龙,等.液态施肥机的设计与试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(6):157-159.
[10]王金峰,王金武,葛宜元,等.深施型液态施肥机扎穴机构优化设计[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(4):52-55.
[11]杨仁全,王纲,周增产,等.精密施肥机的研究与应用[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(S2):197-199.
[12]马旭,马成林,桑国旗,等.变量施肥机具的设计[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(1):50-53.
[13]李爱芹.农家肥撒施机关键部件的试验研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[14]潘世强,梁文甲,温越英,等.地轮驱动式农家肥撒施机的研制[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008(2):229-231.
[15]陈长海,许春林,毕春辉,等.水稻插秧机侧深施肥技术及装置的研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2012,24(6):10-12.
[16]翟巍,范雪微,夏厚禹,等.有机肥对烤烟干物质积累及分配的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2012,24(4):4-9.
[17]刘天祥,张铁中,王吉桂.新型液体肥施肥试验台的总体设计[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2008,20(4):38-39.
[18]Morris D K,Ess D R.Development of a site-specific application system for liquid animal manures[J].Transactions of the ASAE,2003(15):633-638.
[19]Camp C R,Sadler E J,Evans D E,et al.Variable-rate,digitally controlled metering device[J].Transactions of the ASAE,2000(16):39-44.