淀粉胶生物质炭基氮肥制备及其缓释特性分析
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摘要
以生物质炭为载体,与自制改性淀粉胶黏剂、尿素进行复合,利用万能力学试验机和自制成型模具制备颗粒缓释肥料,研究水分添加量、成型压力、炭肥比及胶黏剂添加量4个因素对颗粒肥料抗压性能和缓释性能的影响。结果表明:对于纯炭粉成型,当水分含量为10%、成型温度为45℃、成型压力为6k N时,成型颗粒的抗压强度达到最大;尿素与炭粉混合后成型可以增加颗粒强度,当稻壳炭-尿素(即炭肥比)为5:1时,在同样成肥条件下,肥料颗粒的抗压强度最大;改性淀粉胶黏剂可进一步增加肥料颗粒强度,当胶黏剂添加量为5%时,肥料颗粒的抗压强度达到最大。不同配比条件下制备的缓释肥料,其氮素累积释放规律符合"S"型释放模型,添加胶黏剂制备的缓释肥的缓释性能明显优于传统的尿素肥料,以胶黏剂添加量为5%时缓释效果最佳。
With biochar as carrier,blending it with modified starch adhesive and nitrogen fertilizer,slow release fertilizer pellets were prepared by universal testing machine and self-made mould,the influences of adding amount of water,pelletizing pressure,ratio of char to fertilizer and adding amount of adhesive on the compression and release properties of slow release fertilizer pellets were studied. The results show: for biochar pelletizing,the pellet shows the largest compression strength at the condition when the water adding amount is 10%,the pelletizing temperature is 45℃ and the pelletizing pressure is 6 k N; blending biochar and nitrogen fertilizer may enhance the strength of fertilizer pellet,and the fertilizer pellet has the largest compression strength when the ratio of char to fertilizer is 5:1; the modified starch adhesive may further increase the compression strength of fertilizer pellet that has the largest value when the adding amount of adhesive is 5%. For the slow release fertilizers prepared at different conditions,the cumulative release characteristic of nitrogen conforms to "S"type release model,and the slow release characteristic of fertilizer prepared by adding of adhesive is obviously superior to that of the traditional urea fertilizer,and the fertilizer with adding amount of 5% shows the best effect of slow release.
With biochar as carrier,blending it with modified starch adhesive and nitrogen fertilizer,slow release fertilizer pellets were prepared by universal testing machine and self-made mould,the influences of adding amount of water,pelletizing pressure,ratio of char to fertilizer and adding amount of adhesive on the compression and release properties of slow release fertilizer pellets were studied. The results show: for biochar pelletizing,the pellet shows the largest compression strength at the condition when the water adding amount is 10%,the pelletizing temperature is 45℃ and the pelletizing pressure is 6 k N; blending biochar and nitrogen fertilizer may enhance the strength of fertilizer pellet,and the fertilizer pellet has the largest compression strength when the ratio of char to fertilizer is 5:1; the modified starch adhesive may further increase the compression strength of fertilizer pellet that has the largest value when the adding amount of adhesive is 5%. For the slow release fertilizers prepared at different conditions,the cumulative release characteristic of nitrogen conforms to "S"type release model,and the slow release characteristic of fertilizer prepared by adding of adhesive is obviously superior to that of the traditional urea fertilizer,and the fertilizer with adding amount of 5% shows the best effect of slow release.
引文
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[15]李美华,俞国胜.生物质燃料成型技术研究现状[J].木材加工机械,2005(2):36-40.
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[17]蒋恩臣,张伟,秦丽元,等.粒状生物质炭基尿素肥料制备及其性能研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2014,45(11):89-94.
[18]李宏煦,王淀佐,胡岳华,等.羧甲基淀粉钠提高球团强度的机理[J].中国工业大学学报,2011,32(4):351-354.
[19]陈荣平,李海涛.助剂对复混肥成球及其强度的影响[J].化学工业与工程技术,2001,22(5):12-14.
[20]苗晓杰,蒋恩臣,王佳,等.对二甲氨基苯甲醛显色分光光度法检测水溶液中常微量尿素[J].东北农业大学学报,2011(8):87-92.
[2]董智,邓林军,董俊,等.辽西地区应用缓释肥料对玉米产量及生产效益的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2017(2):12-16.
[3]赵欢,张萌,秦松,等.缓释肥减量施用对覆膜栽培玉米生物性状、干物质积累与养分分配的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(1):139-146.
[4]王粟,张楠,钟鹏,等.生物质炭基肥对玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].黑龙江科学,2017(3):41-44.
[5]冯瑞兴,何胥,施洁君,等.炭基有机肥对小麦产量及麦季农田温室气体排放的影响[J].大麦与谷类科学,2017,34(3):6-11.
[6]董燕,王正银,田秀英,等.非包膜缓释复合肥养分释放特性及小麦对养分的吸收[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(2):36-41.
[7]Ni Xiaoyu,Wu Yuejin*,Wu Zhengyan,et al.A novel slow-release urea fertiliser:Physical and chemical analysis of its structure and study of its release mechanism
[8]安艳,姬强,赵世翔,等.生物质炭对果园土壤团聚体分布及保水性的影响[J].环境科学,2016(1):293-300.
[9]马浩,雷光宇,李娟.生物质炭对农田土壤碳循环影响研究进展[J].农业与技术,2017(6):53-55.
[10]杨萌,李永夫,肖永恒,等.生物质炭输入对土壤有机碳库和CO2排放的影响研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2017(2):205-210.
[11]Yao Y,Gao,B,Chen J,et al.Engineered biochar reclaiming phosphate from aqueous solutions:mechanisms and potential application as a slow-release fertilizer[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47:8700-8708.
[12]文静,杨丹丹,林启美,等.生物质炭复混肥对土壤肥力与玉米和大豆生物量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(3):74-78.
[13]杜衍红,蒋恩臣,王明峰,等.炭-肥互作对芥菜产量和肥料利用率的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016(4):59-64.
[14]李大伟,周加顺,潘根兴,等.生物质炭基肥施用对蔬菜产量和品质以及氮素农学利用率的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(3):433-440.
[15]李美华,俞国胜.生物质燃料成型技术研究现状[J].木材加工机械,2005(2):36-40.
[16]蒋恩臣,苏旭林,王明峰.生物质连续热解反应装置的变螺距螺旋输送器设计[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(2):121-124.
[17]蒋恩臣,张伟,秦丽元,等.粒状生物质炭基尿素肥料制备及其性能研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2014,45(11):89-94.
[18]李宏煦,王淀佐,胡岳华,等.羧甲基淀粉钠提高球团强度的机理[J].中国工业大学学报,2011,32(4):351-354.
[19]陈荣平,李海涛.助剂对复混肥成球及其强度的影响[J].化学工业与工程技术,2001,22(5):12-14.
[20]苗晓杰,蒋恩臣,王佳,等.对二甲氨基苯甲醛显色分光光度法检测水溶液中常微量尿素[J].东北农业大学学报,2011(8):87-92.