北部湾冬、夏季浮游桡足类群落的结构特征及环境适应性
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摘要
根据2014年冬、夏季北部湾2个航次的调查数据,采用分层聚类和典范对应分析研究北部湾桡足类群落的结构特征及环境适应性。结果表明,冬、夏季共鉴定出桡足类124种,其中冬季62种,夏季108种;冬、夏季优势种均为7种,冬季以亚强真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)、精致真刺水蚤(Euchaeta concinna)为主,夏季则以异尾宽水蚤(T.discaudata)、高斯光水蚤(Lucicutia gaussae)为主。北部湾桡足类大致可分为北部群落、中部群落和湾口群落等3个群落;冬季多样性一般(Ⅳ级水平),夏季多样性较好(Ⅱ或Ⅲ级水平)。典范对应分析表明,冬季主要影响因子是海平面高度,夏季则是水深。温度和盐度与北部群落呈负相关关系,与湾口群落呈正相关关系。冬、夏季桡足类空间分布格局差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
Based on the data of planktonic copepods and environmental factors of Beibu Gulf during summer and winter in 2014, the species composition and community structure of copepods were studied. A total of 124 species of planktonic copepods was identified, with 62 species in winter and 108 in summer. There were 7 dominant species in summer and winter. In winter, the dominant species are Subeucalanus subcrassus, Temora turbinate, Euchaeta concinna, T. discaudata and Lucicutia gaussae. The Beibu Gulf copepods can be divided into three communities: The northern community, central community and the bay-mouth community. The evaluation criteria of diversity threshold showed that the diversity level of Beibu Gulf in winter was general, and in summer it was better. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that the abundance of planktonic copepods was affected greatly by the sea level in winter and the depth of water in summer. The temperature and salinity were negatively related to the northern community, but it was positively related with the bay-mouth community. The spatial distribution of plantonic copepods differs widely in Beibu Gulf during summer and winter.
Based on the data of planktonic copepods and environmental factors of Beibu Gulf during summer and winter in 2014, the species composition and community structure of copepods were studied. A total of 124 species of planktonic copepods was identified, with 62 species in winter and 108 in summer. There were 7 dominant species in summer and winter. In winter, the dominant species are Subeucalanus subcrassus, Temora turbinate, Euchaeta concinna, T. discaudata and Lucicutia gaussae. The Beibu Gulf copepods can be divided into three communities: The northern community, central community and the bay-mouth community. The evaluation criteria of diversity threshold showed that the diversity level of Beibu Gulf in winter was general, and in summer it was better. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that the abundance of planktonic copepods was affected greatly by the sea level in winter and the depth of water in summer. The temperature and salinity were negatively related to the northern community, but it was positively related with the bay-mouth community. The spatial distribution of plantonic copepods differs widely in Beibu Gulf during summer and winter.
引文
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[24]丁荣荣,左军成,杜凌,等.南海海平面变化及其比容高度和风场间的关系[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2007(S2):23-30.
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[28]高东阳,李纯厚,刘广锋,等.北部湾海域浮游植物的种类组成与数量分布[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2001,21(3):13-18.
[29]高劲松,陈波,侍茂崇.北部湾夏季环流结构及生成机制[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(1):99-112.
[30]王云龙,沈新强,李纯厚,等.中国大陆架及邻近海域浮游生物[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:172-264.
[31]贾晓平,李纯厚,邱永松,等.广东海洋渔业资源调查评估与可持续利用对策[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:177-232.
[32]潘非斐,曹文清,林元烧,等.北部湾东侧海域桡足类种类组成及其时空分布[C]//林元烧,蔡立哲.北部湾海洋科学研究论文集(第3辑):海洋生物与生态专辑.北京:海洋出版社,2011:36-54.
[2]KHAN J A,HEMPEL G.Relation of fish larvae and zooplankton biomass in the Gulf of Aden[J].Marine Biology,1974,28(4):311-316.
[3]HE D H,WANG C S,LIU H B,et al.A study on zooplankton distribution patterns and indicator species in Kuroshio upstream area and adjacent East China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1992,11(2):237-254.
[4]贾晓平,李纯厚,林昭进,等.北部湾渔业生态环境与渔业资源[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:59-91.
[5]高原,赖子尼,曾艳艺,等.珠江三角洲河网桡足类群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(2):302-310.
[6]覃涛,俞存根,陈小庆,等.舟山渔场及邻近海域桡足类种类组成和数量分布[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(5):780-789.
[7]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江口桡足类数量分布与变动[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4259-4267.
[8]陈亚瞿,徐兆礼,杨元利.黄海南部及东海中小型浮游桡足类生态学研究Ⅱ.种类组成及群落特征[J].水产学报,2003,27(S1):9-15.
[9]毕洪生,孙松,高尚武,等.渤海浮游动物群落生态特点Ⅱ.桡足类数量分布及变动[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):177-185.
[10]杨关铭,何德华,王春生,等.台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征的研究Ⅰ.数量分布[J].海洋学报(中文版),1999,21(4):78-86.
[11]廖秀丽,杜飞雁,李纯厚.El Ni?o/La Ni?a影响下北部湾海域浮游桡足类种类组成与多样性[J].南方水产科学,2011,7(5):1-5.
[12]郭东辉,黄嘉琪,李少菁,等.北部湾夏、冬两季浮游动物生态学研究Ⅲ.桡足类[C]//胡建宇,杨圣云.北部湾海洋科学研究论文集(第1辑).北京:海洋出版社,2008:243-248.
[13]孙柔鑫,王彦国,连光山,等.海南岛西北沿岸海域浮游桡足类的分布及群落特征[J].生物多样性,2014,22(3):320-328.
[14]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T12763.6-2007海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查.北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[15]李纯厚,贾晓平,蔡文贵.南海北部浮游动物多样性研究[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(2):139-146.
[16]杨关铭,何德华,王春生,等.台湾以北海域浮游桡足类生物海洋学特征的研究Ⅱ.群落特征[J].海洋学报,1999,21(6):72-80.
[17]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15.
[18]龚玉艳,陈作志,黄梓荣.广东沿岸不同海域浮游动物群落结构的比较分析[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(11):2026-2033.
[19]TEAM R C.R:A language and environment for statistical computing[CP].R Foundation for Statistical Computing,Vienna,Austria(2016)[2016-06-15].http://www.R-project.org.
[20]OKSANEN J,BLANCHET F G,FRIENDLY M,et al.Vegan:Community Ecology Package[CP].R package v2.4-1.(2016)[2016-06-15].https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan.
[21]MURTAGH F,LEGENDRE P.Ward’s Hierarchical Agglomerative clustering method:which algorithms implement ward’s criterion?[J].Journal of Classification,2014,31(3):274-295.
[22]WARTON D I,WRIGHT S T,WANG Y.Distance-based multivariate analyses confound location and dispersion effects[J].Methods in Ecology&Evolution,2012,3(1):89-101.
[23]栾青杉,孙军,宋书群,等.长江口夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):445-450.
[24]丁荣荣,左军成,杜凌,等.南海海平面变化及其比容高度和风场间的关系[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2007(S2):23-30.
[25]陈波.北部湾水系形成及其性质的初步探讨[J].广西科学院学报,1986,2(2):92-95.
[26]黄凤鹏,黄景洲,杨玉玲,等.胶州湾浮游桡足类时空分布[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4045-4052.
[27]侍茂崇.北部湾环流研究述评[J].广西科学,2014,21(4):313-324.
[28]高东阳,李纯厚,刘广锋,等.北部湾海域浮游植物的种类组成与数量分布[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2001,21(3):13-18.
[29]高劲松,陈波,侍茂崇.北部湾夏季环流结构及生成机制[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(1):99-112.
[30]王云龙,沈新强,李纯厚,等.中国大陆架及邻近海域浮游生物[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005:172-264.
[31]贾晓平,李纯厚,邱永松,等.广东海洋渔业资源调查评估与可持续利用对策[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:177-232.
[32]潘非斐,曹文清,林元烧,等.北部湾东侧海域桡足类种类组成及其时空分布[C]//林元烧,蔡立哲.北部湾海洋科学研究论文集(第3辑):海洋生物与生态专辑.北京:海洋出版社,2011:36-54.