2015年防城港近岸海域浮游桡足类群落结构的季节变化
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摘要
【目的】研究防城港近岸海域浮游桡足类的群落格局及其环境适应性,为浮游动物生态学、渔业栖息地适宜性评价提供参考依据。【方法】根据2015年4个季度的防城港近岸海域16个站位的浮游桡足类调查结果,运用群落特征参数、聚类分析、冗余分析方法分析了其种类组成、空间格局及其对环境因子的适应性。【结果】1)调查海域共鉴定浮游桡足类81种,隶属于5目23科34属,以长腹剑水蚤属种类数最多(7种);各站位Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')均值为2.19±0.38。桡足类丰度的季节均值依次为从高到低依次为夏季(222.9±140.3)个/m3>春季(113.0±150.7)个/m3>秋季(87.4±40.5)个/m3>冬季(26.0±48.8)个/m3;2)桡足类的季节更替率均值为(73.91±17.76)%,以春/夏季更替率最高(84.31%),夏/秋最低(47.37%),表现为以瘦尾胸刺水蚤(Centropages tenuiremis)、锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)、亚强次真哲水蚤(Eucalanus subcrassus)及微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanuspauper)等优势种丰度的季节变化;3)浮游桡足类群落格局在空间上大致可划分为沿岸组、离岸组和近岸组共3个类群(P=0.001,ANOSIM),大体分别处于10 m以浅、10 m、20 m三个水深范围,各组的代表种亦是该海域季节性优势种,但在相对丰度和出现频率上组间差异显著;4)冗余分析表明,7个环境因子(水深、透明度、水温、溶解氧、盐度、pH和叶绿素a)对该海域浮游桡足类群落格局季节变动的累积贡献率为(52.02±16.21)%,以叶绿素a和水温的作用最重要。【结论】浮游桡足类的群落格局及其季节变动受水深与环境因子影响较大,在关键渔业水域栖息地适宜性评价研究中值得关注。
【Objective】This paper aims to identify the planktonic copepods community structures and its seasonal patterns driven by environmental factors, which are essential for both planktonic ecology and quantitative assessment of fish habitat suitability. 【Method】The zooplankton communities of 16 sites with environmental factors were censused during January, May, August and November of 2015 respectively in Fangchenggang coastal waters, northern of Beibu Gulf. The community structure of planktonic copepods and its relations with the environmental factors were analyzed using methods of clustering and Redundancy analysis(RDA).【Result】The planktonic copepods are represented by a total of 81 species belonging to 5 orders, 23 families and 34 genera, but most of them belong to the genus Oithona(with 7 species). The values of Shannon-Wiener diversity averaged 2.19±0.38 seasonally. The seasonal abundances of planktonic copepods decreased from summer, spring, fall to winter in sequence 242.4±158.6, 107.8±152.4, 85.1±41.5, 25.3±48.9 ind/m3, respectively. Secondly, the turnover rates of copepods averaged(73.91±17.76) % in seasons, with the highest rates of 84.31% from spring to summer, and the lowest rates of 47.37% from summer to fall. The seasonal succession of dominant species had been observed, and the number of species was not much different, such as Centropages tenuiremis in summer, Temora turbinate in spring, Eucalanus subcrassus in autumn, and Canthocalanus pauper in winter, respectively. Thirdly, the community could be spatially divided into three groups significantly(P = 0.001, ANOSIM)), i.e. coastal group, inshore group, and offshore group, which were located in waters at the depths of less than 10 m, 10 m or so and 20 m, respectively. The representative species in every group were also the dominant species, but they varied significantly in abundances and occurrence frequencies between the groups. Finally, redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors(water depth, transparency, sea surface temperature(t), dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH) explained(52.02±16.21) % variations of copepods community pattern, among which the chlorophyll a and T were the most important factors.【Conclusion】 It is important that the seasonal patterns of planktonic copepods and regulating factors such as water depth and environmental parameters should be integrated in assessing the suitability of key fish habitats.
【Objective】This paper aims to identify the planktonic copepods community structures and its seasonal patterns driven by environmental factors, which are essential for both planktonic ecology and quantitative assessment of fish habitat suitability. 【Method】The zooplankton communities of 16 sites with environmental factors were censused during January, May, August and November of 2015 respectively in Fangchenggang coastal waters, northern of Beibu Gulf. The community structure of planktonic copepods and its relations with the environmental factors were analyzed using methods of clustering and Redundancy analysis(RDA).【Result】The planktonic copepods are represented by a total of 81 species belonging to 5 orders, 23 families and 34 genera, but most of them belong to the genus Oithona(with 7 species). The values of Shannon-Wiener diversity averaged 2.19±0.38 seasonally. The seasonal abundances of planktonic copepods decreased from summer, spring, fall to winter in sequence 242.4±158.6, 107.8±152.4, 85.1±41.5, 25.3±48.9 ind/m3, respectively. Secondly, the turnover rates of copepods averaged(73.91±17.76) % in seasons, with the highest rates of 84.31% from spring to summer, and the lowest rates of 47.37% from summer to fall. The seasonal succession of dominant species had been observed, and the number of species was not much different, such as Centropages tenuiremis in summer, Temora turbinate in spring, Eucalanus subcrassus in autumn, and Canthocalanus pauper in winter, respectively. Thirdly, the community could be spatially divided into three groups significantly(P = 0.001, ANOSIM)), i.e. coastal group, inshore group, and offshore group, which were located in waters at the depths of less than 10 m, 10 m or so and 20 m, respectively. The representative species in every group were also the dominant species, but they varied significantly in abundances and occurrence frequencies between the groups. Finally, redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors(water depth, transparency, sea surface temperature(t), dissolved oxygen, salinity and pH) explained(52.02±16.21) % variations of copepods community pattern, among which the chlorophyll a and T were the most important factors.【Conclusion】 It is important that the seasonal patterns of planktonic copepods and regulating factors such as water depth and environmental parameters should be integrated in assessing the suitability of key fish habitats.
引文
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[36]赖江山,米湘成.基于Vegan软件包的生态学数据排序分析[C]//国际生物多样性计划中国委员会,中国科学院生命科学与生物技术局.第九届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会论文集.北京:气象出版社,2010.
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