汉中大佛洞宇宙成因核素~(26)Al/~(10)Be埋藏年龄
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摘要
汉中天坑群是在我国湿润热带-亚热带岩溶地貌区北界首次发现的岩溶地质景观,已查明区内发育岩溶洞穴160余处,对研究中国南北方乃至全球古地理环境及气候变化具有重要科学价值。目前该区域地貌演化、岩溶洞穴发育研究刚刚起步,尚没有该岩溶区年代学研究成果报道。本文尝试运用加速器质谱仪(AMS)宇宙成因核素~(26)Al/~(10)Be埋藏年龄测试技术,对汉中南郑岩溶洞穴大佛洞内次生沉积石英砾石进行年龄测定,获得~(26)Al/~(10)Be埋藏年龄为(1.07±0.71)Ma,初步限定了汉中岩溶洞穴大佛洞的发育时期;同时获得大佛洞石英砾石样品在埋藏前该流域侵蚀速率为(156.5±73.4)m?Ma-1。
Background, aim, and scope Hanzhongtiankeng is the karst geological landscape first discovered on the north margin of the moist tropical-subtropical karst landform area around north latitude 32° in China. There are more than 160 karst caves were surveyed and had important scientific value for Chinese and global paleoenvironment and paleoclimate research. But there have not any report on the chronology of the Hanzhong karst region until now. We purposed to determine the formation ages of karst caves in Hanzhong, China. Materials and methods The quartz gravel samples were collected from Dafo Cave in Hanzhong. Quartz purification and target preparation were carried out at Xi'an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Center of the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. And then, the cosmogenic nuclides ~(26)Al/ and ~(10)Be concentrations were measured on 3 MV accelerator mass spectrometry. Results Totally 14.2257 g pure quartz was extracted from the quartz gravel samples from Dafo Cave. Finally, the cosmogenic nuclides 26Al and ~(10)Be concentrations were measured on accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS). And then, the cosmogenic nuclides 26Al/~(10)Be burial age of Dafo Cave and the erosion rate before the quartz gravel samples buried in Dafo Cave was calculated. Discussion The cosmogenic nuclides 26Al/~(10)Be burial age of Dafo Cave reflected that the karst cave in Hanzhong developed in Early Pleistocene probably. The warm and humid paleoclimate in the middle of Early Pleistocene provided necessary condition for the development of karst caves in Hanzhong. Conclusions We first report that the cosmogenic nuclides 26Al/~(10)Be burial age of quartz gravel in Dafo Cave in Hanzhong is(1.07 ± 0.71) Ma. The erosion rate before the quartz gravel samples buried in Dafo Cave is (156.5 ± 73.4) m ? Ma~(-1). Recommendations and perspectives This is a new exploration of dating on Hanzhong karst cave and very important to the research of local landscape evolution, karst evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. It also shows a well foreground in the geomorphic evolution and karst development research by AMS cosmogenic nuclides dating technology and method.
Background, aim, and scope Hanzhongtiankeng is the karst geological landscape first discovered on the north margin of the moist tropical-subtropical karst landform area around north latitude 32° in China. There are more than 160 karst caves were surveyed and had important scientific value for Chinese and global paleoenvironment and paleoclimate research. But there have not any report on the chronology of the Hanzhong karst region until now. We purposed to determine the formation ages of karst caves in Hanzhong, China. Materials and methods The quartz gravel samples were collected from Dafo Cave in Hanzhong. Quartz purification and target preparation were carried out at Xi'an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Center of the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. And then, the cosmogenic nuclides ~(26)Al/ and ~(10)Be concentrations were measured on 3 MV accelerator mass spectrometry. Results Totally 14.2257 g pure quartz was extracted from the quartz gravel samples from Dafo Cave. Finally, the cosmogenic nuclides 26Al and ~(10)Be concentrations were measured on accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS). And then, the cosmogenic nuclides 26Al/~(10)Be burial age of Dafo Cave and the erosion rate before the quartz gravel samples buried in Dafo Cave was calculated. Discussion The cosmogenic nuclides 26Al/~(10)Be burial age of Dafo Cave reflected that the karst cave in Hanzhong developed in Early Pleistocene probably. The warm and humid paleoclimate in the middle of Early Pleistocene provided necessary condition for the development of karst caves in Hanzhong. Conclusions We first report that the cosmogenic nuclides 26Al/~(10)Be burial age of quartz gravel in Dafo Cave in Hanzhong is(1.07 ± 0.71) Ma. The erosion rate before the quartz gravel samples buried in Dafo Cave is (156.5 ± 73.4) m ? Ma~(-1). Recommendations and perspectives This is a new exploration of dating on Hanzhong karst cave and very important to the research of local landscape evolution, karst evolution, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. It also shows a well foreground in the geomorphic evolution and karst development research by AMS cosmogenic nuclides dating technology and method.
引文
孔屏.2012.宇宙成因核素埋藏年龄法:原理及应用[J].第四纪研究,32(3):388-393.[Kong P.2012.Cosmogenic nuclide burial dating:theory and application[J].Quaternary sciences,32(3):388-393.]
刘彧,王世杰,刘秀明,等.2013.贵州荔波黑洞碎屑沉积物宇宙成因核素26Al/10Be埋藏年龄[J].第四纪研究,33(3):437-444.[Liu Y,Wang S J,Liu X M,et al.2013.Cosmogenic nuclides 26Al and 10Be burial age of black cave sediments,Libo of Guizhou,China[J].Quaternary sciences,33(3):437-444.]
吕延武,顾兆炎,许冰,等.2012.云南怒江丙中洛河段第三级阶地10Be暴露年龄[J].第四纪研究,32(3):403-408.[LüY W,Gu Z Y,Xu B,et al.2012.10Be dated boulders from the third terrace of Nujiang River at Bingzhongluo,Yunnan Province,China[J].Quaternary sciences,32(3):403-408.]
王建,张志刚,徐孝彬,等.2012.青藏高原东南部稻城古冰帽南缘第四纪冰川活动的宇生核素年代研究[J].第四纪研究,32(3):394-402.[Wang J,Zhang Z G,Xu X B,et al.2012.Cosmogenic isotopes dating of Quaternary glacial activity of the paleo Daocheng ice cape,on the southeastern part of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Quaternary sciences,32(3):394-402.]
王亚军,孔屏,那春光,等.2008.藏南错戳龙高湖面阶地的形成时间及相应的古降水量的计算[J].第四纪研究,28(2):280-287.[Wang Y J,Kong P,Na C G,et al.2008.Exposure ages of high lacustrine shoreline around the Cuochuolong Lake in south Tibet and related paleoprecipition calculations[J].Quaternary sciences,28(2):280-287.]
张珂,蔡剑波.2006.黄河黑山峡口最高阶地宇宙核素的初步年龄及所反映的新构造运动[J].第四纪研究,26(1):85-91.[Zhang K,Cai J B.2006.Preliminary results of the dating by TCN technique of the highest terrace of the Heishanxia Gorge Mouth,northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau and its expression of neotectonic movement in that area[J].Quaternary Sciences,26(1):85-91.]
Anthony D M,Granger D E.2004.A late Tertiary origin for multilevel caves along the western escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau,Tennessee and Kentucky,established by cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be[J].Journal of Cave&Karst Studies,66(2):46-55.
Brown E T,Stallard R F,Larsen M C,et al.1995.Denudation rates determined from the accumulation of in situ-produced 10Be in the luquillo experimental forest,Puerto Rico[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,129(1/2/3/4):193-202.
Chmeleff J,Blanckenburg F V,Kossert K,et al.2010.Determination of the 10Be half-life by multicollector ICP-MSand liquid scintillation counting[J].Nuclear Inst&Methods in Physics Research B,268(2):192-199.
Dunai T J.2010.Cosmogenic nuclides:principles,concepts and applications in the earth surface sciences[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Granger D E,Fabel D,Palmer A N.2011.Pliocene-Pleistocene incision of the Green River,Kentucky,determined from radioactive decay of cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be in Mammoth Cave sediments[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,113(7):825-836.
Granger D E,Kirchner J W,Finkel R C.1997.Quaternary downcutting rate of the New River,Virginia,measured from differential decay of cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be in cavedeposited alluvium[J].Geology,25(2):107-110.
Granger D E,Muzikar P F.2001.Dating sediment burial with in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides:theory,techniques,and limitations[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,188(1/2):269-281.
Granger D E.2006.A review of burial dating methods using 26Al and 10Be[J].Special Papers,415.DOI:10.1130/2006.2415(01).
Heisinger B,Lal D,Jull A J T,et al.2002.Production of selected cosmogenic radionuclides by muons:2.Capture of negative muons[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,200(3):345-355.
Kohl C P,Nishiizumi K.1992.Chemical isolation of quartz for measurement of in-situ,produced cosmogenic nuclides[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,56(9):3583-3587.
Kong P,Granger D E,Wu F Y,et al.2009.Cosmogenic nuclide burial ages and provenance of the Xigeda paleo-lake:Implications for evolution of the Middle Yangtze River[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,278(1/2):131-141.
Kong P,Zheng Y,Fu B.2011.Cosmogenic nuclide burial ages and provenance of Late Cenozoic deposits in the Sichuan Basin:Implications for Early Quaternary glaciations in east Tibet[J].Quaternary Geochronology,6(3):304-312.
Korschinek G,Bergmaier A,Faestermann T,et al.2010.A new value for the half-life of 10Be by Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection and liquid scintillation counting[J].Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,268(2):187-191.
Lal D,Arnold J R.1985.Tracing quartz through the environment[J].Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences,94(1):1-5.
Liu X B,Shen G J,Tu H,et al.2015.Initial 26Al/10Be burial dating of the hominin site Bailong Cave in Hubei Province,central China[J].Quaternary International,389:235-240.
Liu Y,Wang S J,Xu S,et al.2013.New evidence for the incision history of the Liuchong River,Southwest China,from cosmogenic 26Al/10Be burial ages in cave sediments[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,73(5):274-283.
Masarik J,Reedy R C.1995.Terrestrial cosmogenic-nuclide production systematics calculated from numerical simulations[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,136(3/4):381-395.
Nishiizumi K,Imamura M,Caffee M W,et al.2007.Absolute calibration of 10Be AMS standards[J].Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,258(2):403-413.
Nishiizumi K.2004.Preparation of 26Al AMS standards[J].Nuclear Inst&Methods in Physics Research B,223/224:388-392.
Shen G,Gao X,Gao B,et al.2009.Age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus determined with 26Al/10Be burial dating[J].Nature,458(7235):198-200.
Stock G M,Granger D E,Sasowsky I D,et al.2005.Comparison of U-Th,paleomagnetism,and cosmogenic burial methods for dating caves:Implications for landscape evolution studies[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,236(1/2):388-403.
Stone J O.2000.Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,105(B10):23753-23759.
Wagner T,Fabel D,Fiebig M,et al.2010.Young uplift in the non-glaciated parts of the Eastern Alps[C]//EGU General Assembly Conference.EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts:159-169.
Zhang L,Wu Z K,Chang H,et al.2016.A case study using10Be-26Al exposure dating at the Xi’an AMS Center[J].Radiocarbon,58(1):193-203.
Zhou W J,Lu X F,Wu Z K,et al.2007.New results on Xi’anAMS and sample preparation systems at Xi’an-AMSCenter[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,262:135-142.
刘彧,王世杰,刘秀明,等.2013.贵州荔波黑洞碎屑沉积物宇宙成因核素26Al/10Be埋藏年龄[J].第四纪研究,33(3):437-444.[Liu Y,Wang S J,Liu X M,et al.2013.Cosmogenic nuclides 26Al and 10Be burial age of black cave sediments,Libo of Guizhou,China[J].Quaternary sciences,33(3):437-444.]
吕延武,顾兆炎,许冰,等.2012.云南怒江丙中洛河段第三级阶地10Be暴露年龄[J].第四纪研究,32(3):403-408.[LüY W,Gu Z Y,Xu B,et al.2012.10Be dated boulders from the third terrace of Nujiang River at Bingzhongluo,Yunnan Province,China[J].Quaternary sciences,32(3):403-408.]
王建,张志刚,徐孝彬,等.2012.青藏高原东南部稻城古冰帽南缘第四纪冰川活动的宇生核素年代研究[J].第四纪研究,32(3):394-402.[Wang J,Zhang Z G,Xu X B,et al.2012.Cosmogenic isotopes dating of Quaternary glacial activity of the paleo Daocheng ice cape,on the southeastern part of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Quaternary sciences,32(3):394-402.]
王亚军,孔屏,那春光,等.2008.藏南错戳龙高湖面阶地的形成时间及相应的古降水量的计算[J].第四纪研究,28(2):280-287.[Wang Y J,Kong P,Na C G,et al.2008.Exposure ages of high lacustrine shoreline around the Cuochuolong Lake in south Tibet and related paleoprecipition calculations[J].Quaternary sciences,28(2):280-287.]
张珂,蔡剑波.2006.黄河黑山峡口最高阶地宇宙核素的初步年龄及所反映的新构造运动[J].第四纪研究,26(1):85-91.[Zhang K,Cai J B.2006.Preliminary results of the dating by TCN technique of the highest terrace of the Heishanxia Gorge Mouth,northeast margin of Tibetan Plateau and its expression of neotectonic movement in that area[J].Quaternary Sciences,26(1):85-91.]
Anthony D M,Granger D E.2004.A late Tertiary origin for multilevel caves along the western escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau,Tennessee and Kentucky,established by cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be[J].Journal of Cave&Karst Studies,66(2):46-55.
Brown E T,Stallard R F,Larsen M C,et al.1995.Denudation rates determined from the accumulation of in situ-produced 10Be in the luquillo experimental forest,Puerto Rico[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,129(1/2/3/4):193-202.
Chmeleff J,Blanckenburg F V,Kossert K,et al.2010.Determination of the 10Be half-life by multicollector ICP-MSand liquid scintillation counting[J].Nuclear Inst&Methods in Physics Research B,268(2):192-199.
Dunai T J.2010.Cosmogenic nuclides:principles,concepts and applications in the earth surface sciences[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Granger D E,Fabel D,Palmer A N.2011.Pliocene-Pleistocene incision of the Green River,Kentucky,determined from radioactive decay of cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be in Mammoth Cave sediments[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,113(7):825-836.
Granger D E,Kirchner J W,Finkel R C.1997.Quaternary downcutting rate of the New River,Virginia,measured from differential decay of cosmogenic 26Al and 10Be in cavedeposited alluvium[J].Geology,25(2):107-110.
Granger D E,Muzikar P F.2001.Dating sediment burial with in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides:theory,techniques,and limitations[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,188(1/2):269-281.
Granger D E.2006.A review of burial dating methods using 26Al and 10Be[J].Special Papers,415.DOI:10.1130/2006.2415(01).
Heisinger B,Lal D,Jull A J T,et al.2002.Production of selected cosmogenic radionuclides by muons:2.Capture of negative muons[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,200(3):345-355.
Kohl C P,Nishiizumi K.1992.Chemical isolation of quartz for measurement of in-situ,produced cosmogenic nuclides[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,56(9):3583-3587.
Kong P,Granger D E,Wu F Y,et al.2009.Cosmogenic nuclide burial ages and provenance of the Xigeda paleo-lake:Implications for evolution of the Middle Yangtze River[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,278(1/2):131-141.
Kong P,Zheng Y,Fu B.2011.Cosmogenic nuclide burial ages and provenance of Late Cenozoic deposits in the Sichuan Basin:Implications for Early Quaternary glaciations in east Tibet[J].Quaternary Geochronology,6(3):304-312.
Korschinek G,Bergmaier A,Faestermann T,et al.2010.A new value for the half-life of 10Be by Heavy-Ion Elastic Recoil Detection and liquid scintillation counting[J].Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,268(2):187-191.
Lal D,Arnold J R.1985.Tracing quartz through the environment[J].Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences,94(1):1-5.
Liu X B,Shen G J,Tu H,et al.2015.Initial 26Al/10Be burial dating of the hominin site Bailong Cave in Hubei Province,central China[J].Quaternary International,389:235-240.
Liu Y,Wang S J,Xu S,et al.2013.New evidence for the incision history of the Liuchong River,Southwest China,from cosmogenic 26Al/10Be burial ages in cave sediments[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,73(5):274-283.
Masarik J,Reedy R C.1995.Terrestrial cosmogenic-nuclide production systematics calculated from numerical simulations[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,136(3/4):381-395.
Nishiizumi K,Imamura M,Caffee M W,et al.2007.Absolute calibration of 10Be AMS standards[J].Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,258(2):403-413.
Nishiizumi K.2004.Preparation of 26Al AMS standards[J].Nuclear Inst&Methods in Physics Research B,223/224:388-392.
Shen G,Gao X,Gao B,et al.2009.Age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus determined with 26Al/10Be burial dating[J].Nature,458(7235):198-200.
Stock G M,Granger D E,Sasowsky I D,et al.2005.Comparison of U-Th,paleomagnetism,and cosmogenic burial methods for dating caves:Implications for landscape evolution studies[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,236(1/2):388-403.
Stone J O.2000.Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,105(B10):23753-23759.
Wagner T,Fabel D,Fiebig M,et al.2010.Young uplift in the non-glaciated parts of the Eastern Alps[C]//EGU General Assembly Conference.EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts:159-169.
Zhang L,Wu Z K,Chang H,et al.2016.A case study using10Be-26Al exposure dating at the Xi’an AMS Center[J].Radiocarbon,58(1):193-203.
Zhou W J,Lu X F,Wu Z K,et al.2007.New results on Xi’anAMS and sample preparation systems at Xi’an-AMSCenter[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,262:135-142.