额济纳盆地GN100钻孔不同沉积相的粒度特征
|
摘要
内蒙额济纳盆地GN100钻孔的沉积相可划分为河流相、湖泊相、沼泽相及风成砂沉积。对该钻孔不同沉积相代表性沉积物的粒度分析表明:额济纳盆地沉积物的粒度特征能够有效区分沉积环境和动力过程。河流相沉积物主要粒度组分为粗砂,以滚动搬运为主,判别值Y为大于1;风成砂主要粒度组分为细砂,Y值范围主要在0附近;沼泽相也以细砂为主且较风成砂更细,Y值主要为负值且小于风成砂;湖相粒度组分主要为细粉砂,以悬浮搬运为主,但不完全是静水悬浮搬运,相比于静水沉积相对颗粒偏大,而Y最小,为小于-9。这些结果可以为区域沉积环境的准确解释提供参考。
The Ejina basin, located in the arid area in NW China, underwent complicated depositional processes during Quaternary.Based on characteristics of different sedimentary structures, a 18 m long sediment core from the center of the Ejina Basin can bedivided into fluvial, aeolian, swamp and lacustrine sediments. The grain-size analysis shows that the depositional environment,transport dynamics in the Ejina basin can be distinguished by characteristic of grain-size distribution. The major grain-size componentof fluvial sediment was coarse sand and Y value was greater than 1; the major grain-size component of aeolian sand was fine sand and Yvalue was close to 0; the major grain-size component of swamp sediment was also fine sand but finer than aeolian sand, with a negativeY values; the major grain-size component of lacustrine sediment was fine silt which was transported by suspension, but different withsettle down deposit in standing water, and Y values was less than-9. These results show characters of grain size distribution can beused for distinguishing different transport processes and dynamics, which, in turn, is able to provide critical information for accurateinterpretation of the depositional environment change in this area.
The Ejina basin, located in the arid area in NW China, underwent complicated depositional processes during Quaternary.Based on characteristics of different sedimentary structures, a 18 m long sediment core from the center of the Ejina Basin can bedivided into fluvial, aeolian, swamp and lacustrine sediments. The grain-size analysis shows that the depositional environment,transport dynamics in the Ejina basin can be distinguished by characteristic of grain-size distribution. The major grain-size componentof fluvial sediment was coarse sand and Y value was greater than 1; the major grain-size component of aeolian sand was fine sand and Yvalue was close to 0; the major grain-size component of swamp sediment was also fine sand but finer than aeolian sand, with a negativeY values; the major grain-size component of lacustrine sediment was fine silt which was transported by suspension, but different withsettle down deposit in standing water, and Y values was less than-9. These results show characters of grain size distribution can beused for distinguishing different transport processes and dynamics, which, in turn, is able to provide critical information for accurateinterpretation of the depositional environment change in this area.
引文
陈敬安,万国江,张峰,等.2001.不同时间尺度下湖泊沉积物环境记录:以粒度为例[J].中国科学(D辑),33(6):563-568
成都地质学院陕北队.1976.沉积岩(物)粒订分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社:31-127.
迟振卿,王永,姚培毅,等.2006.内蒙古额济纳旗地貌特征及其构造、气候事件[J].地质论评,52:370-378.
哈斯.1998.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘粒度特征与成因探讨[J].地理研究,17(2):178-184.
哈斯,王贵勇.2001.沙坡头地区新月形沙丘粒度特征[J].中国沙漠,21(3):272-275.
刘东生,郑绵平,等.1998.亚洲季风系统的起源和发展及其与两极冰盖和区域构造运动的时代耦合性[J].第四纪研究,(3):194-204.
鹿化煜,安芷生.1999.黄土高原红粘土与黄土古土壤粒度特征对比―红粘土风成成因的新证据[J].沉积学报,17(2):226-232.
鹿化煜,安芷生.1997.前处理方法对黄土沉积物粒度测量影响的实验研究[J].科学通报,42(23):2535-2538.
鹿化煜,安芷生.1998.黄土高原黄土粒度组成的古气候意义[J].中国科学(D辑),28(3):278-283.
吕延武,顾兆炎,Aldahan Ala,等.2010.内蒙古额济纳盆地戈壁10Be暴露年龄与洪积作用的演化[J].科学通报,55(26-27):2719-2727.
马燕,曹希强,李志萍.2008.黑河下游额济纳地区环境演变及其驱动机制[J].气象与环境科学,31:43-47.
乔彦松,郭正堂,郝青振,等.2006.中新世黄土-古土壤序列的粒度特征及其对成因的指示意义[J].中国科学(D辑),36(7):646-653.
任明达,王乃梁.1981.现代沉积环境概论[M].北京:科学出版社:1-37.
施祺,王建民,陈发虎.1999.石羊河古终端湖泊沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境初探[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),35(1):194-198.
孙东怀,鹿化煜,David Rea,等.2000.中国黄土粒度的双峰分布及其古气候意义[J].沉积学报,18(3):327-335.
孙千里,周杰,肖举乐.2001.岱海沉积物粒度特征及其古气候意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,21(1):93-95.
汪勇,沈吉,羊向东,等.2006.陕北红碱淖沉积物粒度特征所揭示的环境变化[J].沉积学报,24(1):349-355.
王国平,刘景双,汤洁.2003.半干旱区沼泽沉积物粒度特征及环境意义[J].干旱区研究.20(3):211-216.
殷志强,秦小光.2009.中国北方部分地区黄土、沙漠沙、湖泊、河流、细粒沉积物粒度多组分分布特征研究[J].沉积学报,27(2):344-351.
张洪岩,王锡魁,隋维国,等.2006.图们江河口沼泽沉积物的粒度特征及碎屑源分析[J].世界地质,25(2):147-159.
赵强,王乃昂,程弘毅,等.2003.青土湖沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义[J].干旱区地理,26(1):1-5.
Blott Sand Pye K.2001.Gradistat:a grain size distribution and statisticspackage for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments[J].Earth Surf.Process.Landforms,26:1237-1248.
Dietze E,Hartmann K,Diekmann B et al.2012.An end-member algorithm for deciphering modern detrital processes from lakesediments of Lake Donggi Cona,NE Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Sedimentary Geology,243-244,169-180.
Doglas D T.1968.Grain-size indices,classifications and environment[J].Sedimentology,10:132-152.
Folk R L and Ward W C.1957.Brazos River bar:A study in significance of grain size parameters[J].Sediment.Petrol.,27(1):3-26.
Hartmann K and Wunnemann B.2009.Hydrological changes and Holocene climate variations in NW China,inferred from lake sediments of Juyanzepalaeolake by factor analyses[J].Quat.Int.,194:28-44.
Mischke S,Demske D,Wunnemann B,et al.2005.Groundwater discharge to a Gobi desert lake during Mid and Late Holocene dry periods[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,225:157-172.
Pachur H J,Wünnemann B and Zhang H.1995.Lake evolution in the Tengger Desert,Northwestern China,during the last 40.000 years[J].Quaternary Research.,44:171-181.
Passega R.1964.Grain size representation by CM pattern as a geologic tool.[J].Petrol,34:830-847.
Sahu B K.1964.Depositional mechanism from the size analysis of clastic sediments[J].Sediment Petrol,34:337―343.
Wunnemann B and Hartmann K.2002.Morphodynamics and paleohydrography of the Gaxun Nur Basin,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Geomorph.N.F.,Suppl.-Bd.126:147-168.
Wunnemann B,Hartmann K,Altmann N,et al.2005.Interglacial and Glacial Fingerprints from Lake Deposits in the Gobi Desert,NW China[M].The Climate of the Past Interglacials.Developments in Quaternary Science,Sirocko et al,Eds.,Amsterdam:Elsevier:323-347.
Wunnemann B,Pachur H J and Zhang H.1998.Climatic and Environmental Changes in the Deserts of Inner Mongolia,China,since the Late Pleistocene[M]//Alsharhan A S,Glennie K W,Whittle G L,Kendall CG St C(Eds.),Balkema,Rotterdam:Quaternary Deserts and Climatic Change:381-394.
Zhang H C,Ming Q Z,Lei G L,et al.2006.Dilemma of dating on lacustrine deposits in an hyperarid inland basin of NW China[J].Radiocarbon,48:219-226.
成都地质学院陕北队.1976.沉积岩(物)粒订分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社:31-127.
迟振卿,王永,姚培毅,等.2006.内蒙古额济纳旗地貌特征及其构造、气候事件[J].地质论评,52:370-378.
哈斯.1998.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘粒度特征与成因探讨[J].地理研究,17(2):178-184.
哈斯,王贵勇.2001.沙坡头地区新月形沙丘粒度特征[J].中国沙漠,21(3):272-275.
刘东生,郑绵平,等.1998.亚洲季风系统的起源和发展及其与两极冰盖和区域构造运动的时代耦合性[J].第四纪研究,(3):194-204.
鹿化煜,安芷生.1999.黄土高原红粘土与黄土古土壤粒度特征对比―红粘土风成成因的新证据[J].沉积学报,17(2):226-232.
鹿化煜,安芷生.1997.前处理方法对黄土沉积物粒度测量影响的实验研究[J].科学通报,42(23):2535-2538.
鹿化煜,安芷生.1998.黄土高原黄土粒度组成的古气候意义[J].中国科学(D辑),28(3):278-283.
吕延武,顾兆炎,Aldahan Ala,等.2010.内蒙古额济纳盆地戈壁10Be暴露年龄与洪积作用的演化[J].科学通报,55(26-27):2719-2727.
马燕,曹希强,李志萍.2008.黑河下游额济纳地区环境演变及其驱动机制[J].气象与环境科学,31:43-47.
乔彦松,郭正堂,郝青振,等.2006.中新世黄土-古土壤序列的粒度特征及其对成因的指示意义[J].中国科学(D辑),36(7):646-653.
任明达,王乃梁.1981.现代沉积环境概论[M].北京:科学出版社:1-37.
施祺,王建民,陈发虎.1999.石羊河古终端湖泊沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境初探[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),35(1):194-198.
孙东怀,鹿化煜,David Rea,等.2000.中国黄土粒度的双峰分布及其古气候意义[J].沉积学报,18(3):327-335.
孙千里,周杰,肖举乐.2001.岱海沉积物粒度特征及其古气候意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,21(1):93-95.
汪勇,沈吉,羊向东,等.2006.陕北红碱淖沉积物粒度特征所揭示的环境变化[J].沉积学报,24(1):349-355.
王国平,刘景双,汤洁.2003.半干旱区沼泽沉积物粒度特征及环境意义[J].干旱区研究.20(3):211-216.
殷志强,秦小光.2009.中国北方部分地区黄土、沙漠沙、湖泊、河流、细粒沉积物粒度多组分分布特征研究[J].沉积学报,27(2):344-351.
张洪岩,王锡魁,隋维国,等.2006.图们江河口沼泽沉积物的粒度特征及碎屑源分析[J].世界地质,25(2):147-159.
赵强,王乃昂,程弘毅,等.2003.青土湖沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义[J].干旱区地理,26(1):1-5.
Blott Sand Pye K.2001.Gradistat:a grain size distribution and statisticspackage for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments[J].Earth Surf.Process.Landforms,26:1237-1248.
Dietze E,Hartmann K,Diekmann B et al.2012.An end-member algorithm for deciphering modern detrital processes from lakesediments of Lake Donggi Cona,NE Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Sedimentary Geology,243-244,169-180.
Doglas D T.1968.Grain-size indices,classifications and environment[J].Sedimentology,10:132-152.
Folk R L and Ward W C.1957.Brazos River bar:A study in significance of grain size parameters[J].Sediment.Petrol.,27(1):3-26.
Hartmann K and Wunnemann B.2009.Hydrological changes and Holocene climate variations in NW China,inferred from lake sediments of Juyanzepalaeolake by factor analyses[J].Quat.Int.,194:28-44.
Mischke S,Demske D,Wunnemann B,et al.2005.Groundwater discharge to a Gobi desert lake during Mid and Late Holocene dry periods[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,225:157-172.
Pachur H J,Wünnemann B and Zhang H.1995.Lake evolution in the Tengger Desert,Northwestern China,during the last 40.000 years[J].Quaternary Research.,44:171-181.
Passega R.1964.Grain size representation by CM pattern as a geologic tool.[J].Petrol,34:830-847.
Sahu B K.1964.Depositional mechanism from the size analysis of clastic sediments[J].Sediment Petrol,34:337―343.
Wunnemann B and Hartmann K.2002.Morphodynamics and paleohydrography of the Gaxun Nur Basin,Inner Mongolia,China[J].Geomorph.N.F.,Suppl.-Bd.126:147-168.
Wunnemann B,Hartmann K,Altmann N,et al.2005.Interglacial and Glacial Fingerprints from Lake Deposits in the Gobi Desert,NW China[M].The Climate of the Past Interglacials.Developments in Quaternary Science,Sirocko et al,Eds.,Amsterdam:Elsevier:323-347.
Wunnemann B,Pachur H J and Zhang H.1998.Climatic and Environmental Changes in the Deserts of Inner Mongolia,China,since the Late Pleistocene[M]//Alsharhan A S,Glennie K W,Whittle G L,Kendall CG St C(Eds.),Balkema,Rotterdam:Quaternary Deserts and Climatic Change:381-394.
Zhang H C,Ming Q Z,Lei G L,et al.2006.Dilemma of dating on lacustrine deposits in an hyperarid inland basin of NW China[J].Radiocarbon,48:219-226.