栽培技术对秀珍菇富集铅与镉的影响及培养基安全限量值的研究
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摘要
采用棉籽壳与玉米芯作为原料,以秀珍菇"秀71"与"秀72"为供试菌株,设计3种培养配方调节棉籽壳与玉米芯构成比,使配方1、2、3中棉籽壳占比分别为53.6%、37.2%、24.3%,分别于第1茬、第3茬、第5茬收获,研究秀珍菇对铅、镉的富集规律,为平菇的安全栽培提供科学依据。结果表明:3种配方培育出的秀珍菇,子实体中铅与镉的含量均小于国家食品安全限量标准;对镉的富集能力大于铅。培养基配方、品种及收获期均能显著影响秀珍菇子实体中重金属含量;吸收铅与镉的能力均随着培育时间的延长而降低;"秀72"对铅、镉的富集能力显著高于"秀71";配方2培育的同一种秀珍菇对铅的富集能力显著高于配方1及配方3,配方3培育的同一种秀珍菇对镉的富集能力显著高于配方1。"秀71"培养基中铅、镉的安全限量范围分别为0.891～3.284mg·kg~(-1)、0.049～0.052mg·kg~(-1);"秀72"培养基中铅、镉的安全限量值范围分别为0.492～2.901 mg·kg~(-1)、0.039～0.045mg·kg~(-1)。
The aim of this paper is to investigate the bioaccumulation of lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)in Pleurotus pulmonarius in the view of cultivation.therefore,three kinds of culture medium were designed using cottonseed husk and corn cob to cultivate two common spieces of Pleurotus pulmonarius,Sau 71 and Sau 72 and harvested them at the first,third and fifth stubble.The proportions of cottonseed husk in three medium were 53.6%,37.2% and 24.3% respectively,to provide scientific basis for the safe cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius.The resultes showed that the content of Pb and Cd in fruiting bodies of Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivated by three kinds of substrates were all less than the national food safety limits,respectively,and bioaccumulated more Cd than Pb;and the bioaccumulation factors of Pb and Cd decreased with the extension of culture time.In addition,Sau 72 accumulated more Pb and Cd than Sau 72 when harvestd at the same time and cultured by the same substrate;the same specie of Pleurotus pulmonarius cultured by the substrate 2 and harvesting the same time could accumulate more Pb than the other two substrates.The same specie of Pleurotus pulmonarius cultured by the substrate 3 harvesting the same time could accumulate more Cd.The safety limits of Pb and Cd in the culture medium for Sau 71 were calculated to ranged 0.891 to3.284 mg·kg~(-1),0.049-0.052 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.For the culture medium of Sau 72,the safety limits of Pb and Cd ranged from 0.492-2.901 mg·kg~(-1),0.039-0.045 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the bioaccumulation of lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)in Pleurotus pulmonarius in the view of cultivation.therefore,three kinds of culture medium were designed using cottonseed husk and corn cob to cultivate two common spieces of Pleurotus pulmonarius,Sau 71 and Sau 72 and harvested them at the first,third and fifth stubble.The proportions of cottonseed husk in three medium were 53.6%,37.2% and 24.3% respectively,to provide scientific basis for the safe cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius.The resultes showed that the content of Pb and Cd in fruiting bodies of Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivated by three kinds of substrates were all less than the national food safety limits,respectively,and bioaccumulated more Cd than Pb;and the bioaccumulation factors of Pb and Cd decreased with the extension of culture time.In addition,Sau 72 accumulated more Pb and Cd than Sau 72 when harvestd at the same time and cultured by the same substrate;the same specie of Pleurotus pulmonarius cultured by the substrate 2 and harvesting the same time could accumulate more Pb than the other two substrates.The same specie of Pleurotus pulmonarius cultured by the substrate 3 harvesting the same time could accumulate more Cd.The safety limits of Pb and Cd in the culture medium for Sau 71 were calculated to ranged 0.891 to3.284 mg·kg~(-1),0.049-0.052 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.For the culture medium of Sau 72,the safety limits of Pb and Cd ranged from 0.492-2.901 mg·kg~(-1),0.039-0.045 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.
引文
[1]CHEN X H,ZHOU H B,QIU G Z.Analysis of several heavy metals in wild edible mushrooms from regions of China[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2009,83:280-285.
[2]徐丽红,吴应淼,陈俏彪,等.香菇对培养基中有害重金属的吸收富集规律及临界含量值[J].浙江农业学报,2007,19(3):211-215.
[3]CHIU S W,CHAN Y H,LAW S C,et al.Cadmium and manganese in contrast to calcium reduce yield and nutritional values of the edible mushroomPleurotus pulmonarius[J].Mycological Research,1998,102:449-457.
[4]FANG Y,SUN X,YANG W,et al.Concentrations and health risks of lead,cadmium,arsenic,and mercury in rice and edible mushrooms in China[J].Food Chemistry,2014,147:147-151.
[5]HOLKAR S K,CHANDRA R.Comparative evaluation of five Pleurotus species for their growth behaviour and yield performance using wheat straw as a substrate[J].Journal of Environmental Biology,2016 37(1):7-12.
[6]曹林奎,顾桂芬,韩纯儒.作物秸秆及其它废弃物栽培食用菌的农业生态效益研究[J].生态学杂志,1992(3):13-16.
[7]刘巧宁.五种培养料对平菇栽培的影响研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.
[8]杨小红,陈慧君,李俊,等.不同品种平菇对4种重金属的吸收富集与安全限量值研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):868-874.
[9]刘烨潼,陈秋生,刘连强,等.平菇对重金属铅和镉吸收富集规律研究[J].食品工业,2015(10):223-226.
[10]GB 7096-2014.食品安全国家标准-食用菌及其制品[S].中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2014.
[11]李远东,陈强,张金霞,等.我国栽培食用菌的重金属调查[J].中国食用菌,2009,28(4):32-34.
[12]JùLIUS á,JáN T,MARTIN H,et al.Contamination of wild-grown edible mushrooms by heavy metals in a former mercury-mining area[J].Journal of Environmental Science&Health.Part.B Pesticides Food Contaminants&Agricultural Wastes,2014,49(11):815-827.
[13]HUANG Q,JIA Y,WAN Y,et al.Market survey and risk assessment for trace metals in edible fungi and the substrate role in accumulation of heavy metals[J].Journal of Food Science,2015,80(7):1612-1618.
[14]张孔金,黎志银,谢宝贵,等.秀珍菇对培养基中重金属富集规律的研究[J].食用菌,2012,34(5):52-53.
[15]JAIN S K,GUJRAL G S,JHA N K,et al.Heavy metal uptake by Pleurotus sajorcaju from metal-enriched duckweed substrate[J].Biological Wastes,1998,24(4):275-282.
[16]SEMBRATOWICZ I,RUSINEK-PRYSTUPA E.Content of cadmium,lead,and oxalic acid in wild edible mushrooms harvested in places with different pollution levels[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2012,21:1825-1830.
[17]KALA? P,NI?NANSKá M,BEVILAQUA D,et al.Concentrations of mercury,copper,cadmium and lead in fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms in the vicinity of a mercury smelter and a copper smelter[J].Science of the Total Environment,1996,177(1-3):251-254.
[18]ARUGUETE D M,LII J H A,MUELLER G M.Accumulation of several heavy metals and lanthanides in mushrooms(Agaricales)from the Chicago region[J].Science of the Total Environment,1998,224(1-3):43-56.
[19]KALAC P,SVOBODA L.A review of trace element concentrations in edible mushrooms[J].Food Chemistry,2000,69:273-281.
[20]SEYFFERTH A L,MCCLATCHY C,PAUKETT M.Arsenic,lead,and cadmium in U.S.mushrooms and substrate in relation to dietary exposure[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50:9661.
[21]段冷曼.吉林省五种主要食用菌中四种重金属的含量及其富集规律的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[22]黄晨阳,陈强,赵永昌,等.云南省主要野生食用菌中重金属调查[J].中国农业科学,2010(43):1198-1203.
[23]潘子奇,徐腾,张代均,等.北京市海淀区市售两种食用菌重金属含量检测及部分居民知信行调查[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2015(6):2361-2367.
[24]GARCí A M á,ALONSO J,AND MELGAR M J.Lead in edible mushrooms:Levels and bioaccumulation factors[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,167:777-783.
[25]徐丽红,陈俏彪,叶长文,等.食用菌对培养基中有害重金属的吸收富集规律研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(21):42-47.
[2]徐丽红,吴应淼,陈俏彪,等.香菇对培养基中有害重金属的吸收富集规律及临界含量值[J].浙江农业学报,2007,19(3):211-215.
[3]CHIU S W,CHAN Y H,LAW S C,et al.Cadmium and manganese in contrast to calcium reduce yield and nutritional values of the edible mushroomPleurotus pulmonarius[J].Mycological Research,1998,102:449-457.
[4]FANG Y,SUN X,YANG W,et al.Concentrations and health risks of lead,cadmium,arsenic,and mercury in rice and edible mushrooms in China[J].Food Chemistry,2014,147:147-151.
[5]HOLKAR S K,CHANDRA R.Comparative evaluation of five Pleurotus species for their growth behaviour and yield performance using wheat straw as a substrate[J].Journal of Environmental Biology,2016 37(1):7-12.
[6]曹林奎,顾桂芬,韩纯儒.作物秸秆及其它废弃物栽培食用菌的农业生态效益研究[J].生态学杂志,1992(3):13-16.
[7]刘巧宁.五种培养料对平菇栽培的影响研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.
[8]杨小红,陈慧君,李俊,等.不同品种平菇对4种重金属的吸收富集与安全限量值研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):868-874.
[9]刘烨潼,陈秋生,刘连强,等.平菇对重金属铅和镉吸收富集规律研究[J].食品工业,2015(10):223-226.
[10]GB 7096-2014.食品安全国家标准-食用菌及其制品[S].中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2014.
[11]李远东,陈强,张金霞,等.我国栽培食用菌的重金属调查[J].中国食用菌,2009,28(4):32-34.
[12]JùLIUS á,JáN T,MARTIN H,et al.Contamination of wild-grown edible mushrooms by heavy metals in a former mercury-mining area[J].Journal of Environmental Science&Health.Part.B Pesticides Food Contaminants&Agricultural Wastes,2014,49(11):815-827.
[13]HUANG Q,JIA Y,WAN Y,et al.Market survey and risk assessment for trace metals in edible fungi and the substrate role in accumulation of heavy metals[J].Journal of Food Science,2015,80(7):1612-1618.
[14]张孔金,黎志银,谢宝贵,等.秀珍菇对培养基中重金属富集规律的研究[J].食用菌,2012,34(5):52-53.
[15]JAIN S K,GUJRAL G S,JHA N K,et al.Heavy metal uptake by Pleurotus sajorcaju from metal-enriched duckweed substrate[J].Biological Wastes,1998,24(4):275-282.
[16]SEMBRATOWICZ I,RUSINEK-PRYSTUPA E.Content of cadmium,lead,and oxalic acid in wild edible mushrooms harvested in places with different pollution levels[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2012,21:1825-1830.
[17]KALA? P,NI?NANSKá M,BEVILAQUA D,et al.Concentrations of mercury,copper,cadmium and lead in fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms in the vicinity of a mercury smelter and a copper smelter[J].Science of the Total Environment,1996,177(1-3):251-254.
[18]ARUGUETE D M,LII J H A,MUELLER G M.Accumulation of several heavy metals and lanthanides in mushrooms(Agaricales)from the Chicago region[J].Science of the Total Environment,1998,224(1-3):43-56.
[19]KALAC P,SVOBODA L.A review of trace element concentrations in edible mushrooms[J].Food Chemistry,2000,69:273-281.
[20]SEYFFERTH A L,MCCLATCHY C,PAUKETT M.Arsenic,lead,and cadmium in U.S.mushrooms and substrate in relation to dietary exposure[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50:9661.
[21]段冷曼.吉林省五种主要食用菌中四种重金属的含量及其富集规律的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[22]黄晨阳,陈强,赵永昌,等.云南省主要野生食用菌中重金属调查[J].中国农业科学,2010(43):1198-1203.
[23]潘子奇,徐腾,张代均,等.北京市海淀区市售两种食用菌重金属含量检测及部分居民知信行调查[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2015(6):2361-2367.
[24]GARCí A M á,ALONSO J,AND MELGAR M J.Lead in edible mushrooms:Levels and bioaccumulation factors[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,167:777-783.
[25]徐丽红,陈俏彪,叶长文,等.食用菌对培养基中有害重金属的吸收富集规律研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(21):42-47.