象草与皇竹草不同比例组合对山羊瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响
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摘要
本研究旨在通过体外产气法探讨南方地区广泛种植的粗饲料象草(Pennisetum purpureum)与皇竹草(Pennisetum sinese)不同比例组合对雷州山羊瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响,从而为以象草和皇竹草为饲料资源的饲料配合提供参考数据。将象草与皇竹草以干物质比100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75和0∶100分为T_1、T_2、T_3、T_4和T_5五组,分别培养4、8、12、24和48 h,每组设3个重复,每个时间点设3个空白对照。培养结束后终止微生物发酵,测定各时间点发酵滤渣的有机物降解率(organic matter degradability, OMD)、粗纤维降解率(crude fiber degradability, CFD)和发酵液中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的浓度及乙丙酸比值。计算各发酵指标的单项组合效应值(single factor associative effects index,SFAEI)和多项组合效应值(multiply factors associative effects index, MFAEI)。结果表明:1)随着皇竹草比例的增加,各组OMD逐渐增大, T_3、 T_4和T_5组显著高于T_1组(P <0.05);在体外发酵48 h时, T_3与T_4组差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)在体外发酵48 h时,T_3与T_4组、T_1与T_5组CFD差异均不显著(P> 0.05)。在体外发酵12 h至48 h,随着发酵时间的延长,各组OMD和CFD显著增大(P <0.05)。3)在体外发酵48 h时,T_4组乙酸比例显著低于其他各组(P <0.05),丙酸比例显著高于T_2组(P <0.05),与T_3组差异不显著(P> 0.05);丁酸比例显著高于其他各组(P <0.05)。在体外发酵8 h至48 h,T_3和T_4组乙丙酸比值为2.71～3.50,在正常范围内。4)象草与皇竹草以25∶75组合的多项组合效应值最大,为1.68。综上所述,象草与皇竹草的最佳组合比例为25∶75。
The effects of different proportions of Pennisetum purpureum(PP) and Pennisetum sinese(PS) on rumen fermentation characteristics in Leizhou goats were studied using an in vitro gas production technique. Results of this study will provide references for the production of formula feed in South China. According to the dry substance ratio, PP and PS were mixed in ratios of 100∶0, 75∶25, 50∶50, 25∶75, 0∶100 and separated into groups T_1, T_2, T_3, T_4, and T_5,respectively. Samples in groups T_1, T_2, T_3, T_4, and T_5 were cultured for 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. Triplicates were used for each group and three blank controls were used for each time point. Microbial fermentation stopped at the end of the culturing period. We determined organic matter degradability(OMD) and crude fibre degradability(CFD) in fermentation residue. We also measured acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid concentrations and acetic acid and propionic acid ratios in fermentation liquor. The single factor associative effects index(SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index(MFAEI) were calculated. Results showed that OMD increased gradually as PS increased in every group, with markedly higher increases observed for T_3, T_4 and T_5 groups relative to the T_1 group(P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for in vitro fermentation after 48 hours for T_3 and T_4 groups(P > 0.05). CFD showed no significant differences between T_3 and T_4 groups and T_1 and T_5 groups at 48 hours of fermentation(P > 0.05). OMD and CFD significantly increased from 12 to 48 h of in vitro fermentation in each group(P < 0.05). After 48 hours, the proportion of acetic acid in T_4 was significantly lower than in other groups(P < 0.05). The proportion of propionic acid was significantly higher than in T_2 after 48 hours(P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed for T_3(P > 0.05). The proportion of butyric acid in T_4 was significantly higher than that of other groups(P < 0.05). Additionally, the ratios of acetic acid and propionic acid in T_3 and T_4 ranged from 2.71 to 3.50 after 8 to 48 h of fermentation are normal levels. The highest observed MFAEI was 1.68, which occurred when proportion of PP and PS was 25∶75. In conclusion, the optimal ratio of PP and PS was determined to be 25∶75.
The effects of different proportions of Pennisetum purpureum(PP) and Pennisetum sinese(PS) on rumen fermentation characteristics in Leizhou goats were studied using an in vitro gas production technique. Results of this study will provide references for the production of formula feed in South China. According to the dry substance ratio, PP and PS were mixed in ratios of 100∶0, 75∶25, 50∶50, 25∶75, 0∶100 and separated into groups T_1, T_2, T_3, T_4, and T_5,respectively. Samples in groups T_1, T_2, T_3, T_4, and T_5 were cultured for 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. Triplicates were used for each group and three blank controls were used for each time point. Microbial fermentation stopped at the end of the culturing period. We determined organic matter degradability(OMD) and crude fibre degradability(CFD) in fermentation residue. We also measured acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid concentrations and acetic acid and propionic acid ratios in fermentation liquor. The single factor associative effects index(SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index(MFAEI) were calculated. Results showed that OMD increased gradually as PS increased in every group, with markedly higher increases observed for T_3, T_4 and T_5 groups relative to the T_1 group(P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for in vitro fermentation after 48 hours for T_3 and T_4 groups(P > 0.05). CFD showed no significant differences between T_3 and T_4 groups and T_1 and T_5 groups at 48 hours of fermentation(P > 0.05). OMD and CFD significantly increased from 12 to 48 h of in vitro fermentation in each group(P < 0.05). After 48 hours, the proportion of acetic acid in T_4 was significantly lower than in other groups(P < 0.05). The proportion of propionic acid was significantly higher than in T_2 after 48 hours(P < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed for T_3(P > 0.05). The proportion of butyric acid in T_4 was significantly higher than that of other groups(P < 0.05). Additionally, the ratios of acetic acid and propionic acid in T_3 and T_4 ranged from 2.71 to 3.50 after 8 to 48 h of fermentation are normal levels. The highest observed MFAEI was 1.68, which occurred when proportion of PP and PS was 25∶75. In conclusion, the optimal ratio of PP and PS was determined to be 25∶75.
引文
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[3]李妍,韩肖敏,李建国,李秋凤,高艳霞,曹玉凤,李运起.体外法评价玉米秸秆、谷草和玉米秸秆青贮饲料组合效应研究.草业学报,2017,26(5):213-223.LI Y,HAN X M,LI J G,LI Q F,GAO Y X,CAO Y F,LI Y Q.Associative effects of cornstalk,millet straw,and corn stalk on silage digestibility in vitro.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(5):213-223.
[4]韩肖敏,曹玉凤,李秋凤,高艳霞,李妍,李建国.用体外产气法评价玉米秸秆、稻草、玉米秸秆青贮与精料的组合效应.动物营养学报,2017,29(2):699-711.HAN X M,CAO Y F,LI Q F,GAO Y X,LI Y,LI J G.Associative effects of corn stalk,rice straw,corn stalk silage and concentrate evaluated by gas production technique in vitro.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(2):699-711.
[5]张亚格,李茂,周汉林,胡琳,李韦,徐铁山.利用体外产气法研究3个品种柱花草与王草间的组合效应.动物营养学报,2016,28(12):3828-3835.ZHANG Y G,LI M,ZHOU H L,HU L,LI W,XU T S.A study on associative effects of three cultivvars of stylosanthes with king grass using in vitro gas production technique.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(12):3828-3835.
[6]吴征敏,王志敬,于辉,吴浩浩,苏智杰,林敏纯,曾进,尹福泉,赵志辉.皇竹草与喷浆玉米皮组合效应的研究.动物营养学报,2018,30(1):393-402.WU Z M,WANG Z J,YU H,WU H H,SU Z J,LIN M C,ZENG J,YIN F Q,ZHAO Z H.Combination effect of pennisetum sinese Roxb and spouting corn bran.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(1):393-402.
[7]MENKE K H,RAAB L,SALEWSKI A,STEINGASS H,FRITZ D,SCHNEIDER W.The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro.The Journal of Agricultural Science,1979,93(1):217-222.
[8]MAURICIO R M,MOULD F,OWEN E.Comparison of rumen liquor and faeces from cows as sources of micro-organisms for the in vitro gas production technique.Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia,1998,50(5):569-572.
[9]CUNNIFF P A,JEE M H.Official methods of analysis of AOAC international(16th ed).Trends in Food Science and Technology,1995,6(11):382.
[10]陈志龙,曾燕霞,王林,赵辰,郑琛.不同精粗比饲粮中添加甘露寡糖对绵羊体外瘤胃发酵的影响.动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3292-3300.CHEN Z L,ZENG Y X,WANG L,ZHAO C,ZHENG C.Effects of mannanoligosaccharides supplementation in diets with different concentrate to roughage ratios on in vitro ruminal fermentation of sheep.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(10):3292-3300.
[11]ZHANG S J,ABDUL S C,DI KY,AMERJAN O,GUO X F,GRANT R E,CHENG L.Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of high sugar forage sorghum as an alternative to forage maize for silage making in Tarim Basin,China.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016,15(01):175-182.
[12]冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学.北京:科学出版社,2004.FENG Y L.Ruminant Nutrition.Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[13]王之盛,李胜利.反刍动物营养学.北京:中国农业出版社,2016.WANG Z S,LI S L.Ruminant Nutrition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2016.
[14]王志敬,吴征敏,庄桂锋,吴浩浩,江镒成,刘钊明,招华兴,尹福泉.不同精粗比日粮对雷州山羊体外瘤胃发酵的影响.中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(8):2303-2310.WANG Z J,WU Z M,ZHUANG G F,WU H H,JIANG Y C,LIU Z M,ZHAO H X,YIN F Q.Effects of diets with different concentrate to forage ratios on in vitro rumen fermentation of Leizhou goats.China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(8):2303-2310.
[15]周安国,陈代文.动物营养学.北京:中国农业出版社,2013.ZHOU G A,CHEN D W.Animal Nutrition.Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,2013.
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[17]王海荣.不同日粮精粗比及氮源对绵羊瘤胃纤维降解菌群和纤维物质降解的影响.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学博士学位论文,2006.WANG H R.The effect of different forage to concentrate ratio and N sources on the population of sheep rumen cellulolytic microbes and fiber digestion.PhD Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2006.
[18]KUNG J L,SHEPERD A C,SMAGALA A M,ENDRES K M,BESSETT C A,RANJIT N K,GLANCEY J L.The effect of preservatives based on propionic acid on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage and a total mixed ration1.Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(5):1322-1330.
[19]陈光吉,宋善丹,彭忠利,王普昶,吴佳海,王小利,郭春华,王子苑,高彦华,李小冬,柏雪,付锡三.体外产气法研究不同NFC/NDF底物条件下外源纤维素酶的适宜添加水平.草业学报,2017,26(7):116-127.CHEN G J,SONG S D,PENG Z L,WANG P C,WU J H,WANG X L,GUO C H,WANG Z Y,GAO Y H,LI X D,BAI X,FU XS.Determination of appropriate levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplementation for substrates with different non-fiber carbohydrate/neutral detergent fiber ratios based on in vitro gas production.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(7):116-127.
[20]COPANI G,GINANE C,LE M A,NIDERKORN V.Patterns of in vitro rumen fermentation of silage mixtures including sainfoin and red clover as bioactive legumes.Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,208:220-224.
[21]ZHANG S J,CHAUDHRY A S,OSMAN A,SHI C Q,EDWARDS G R,DEWHURST R J,CHENG L.Associative effects of ensiling mixtures of sweet sorghum and alfalfa on nutritive value,fermentation and methane characteristics.Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,206:29-38.
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