科尔沁沙地沙丘-丘间低地降雨前后土壤水分分布特征
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摘要
以科尔沁沙地固定沙丘-丘间低地景观单元为研究对象,在植被生长旺盛期且长时间干旱条件下,对中等降雨(22.6 mm)前后不同微地形土壤水分分布特征和降雨补给情况进行分析。结果表明:水平方向上,降雨前后不同部位0~90 cm深度平均土壤水分有显著差异,雨前其大小顺序为丘间低地(10.30%)>沙丘下部(1.18%)>沙丘顶部>(0.98%)>沙丘上部(0.75%);雨后沙丘顶部、上部、下部和丘间低地土壤水分分别增加了2.33、3.50、1.77和0.34个百分点;垂直方向上,降雨前后土壤水分的深度分布与水平位置有关;雨前表层土壤水分均很小,沙丘顶部、上部分别在40~100、20~50和120~200 cm深度有较弱的高值区,沙丘下部和丘间低地土壤水分随深度增大,直至饱和含水量;雨后沙丘顶部、上部、下部、丘间低地土壤储水量增加的深度范围分别是0~110、0~110、0~50和0~90 cm,其储水量增量分别占降雨的12.4%、13.3%、9.7%和14.6%,其中丘间低地0~10 cm土层储水量增量显著高于沙丘顶部和上部,其他深度不同部位储水量增量差异不显著(P<0.05);在长时间无降雨条件下,沙丘顶部和上部土壤水分状况趋于恶化,有必要采取一定间伐措施,使土壤水分维持动态平衡,才有利于植被恢复和沙漠化逆转。
In this paper,a typical landscape unit,dune- interdune in Horqin Sandy Land was selected as study object,and the characteristics of soil moisture distribution and rainfall recharge along terrain before and after a moderate rainfall event( 22. 6 mm) were analyzed. The results showed that,in the horizontal direction,there were significant differences among the mean soil moisture content( SMC) of 0- 90 cm depth at different locations. Before rainfall,the order of SMC at different locations was interdune( 10.30%),downslope( 1.18%),dune top( 0.98%)and upslope( 0.75%); after rainfall,the rate of SMC increment was 2.33% for dune top,3.50%for upslope,1.77% for downslope and 0.34% for interdune. In the vertical direction,soil moisture distribution with depth before and after rainfall was related with locations. Before rainfall,surface SMC was quite low and mean SMC was slightly higher at 40-100 cm depth of dune top,and at 20- 50 cm and 120- 200 cm depth of upslope. At downslope and interdune,SMC increased with depth up to saturated values. After rainfall,soil water storage increased at 0- 110 cm,0-110 cm,0-50 cm and 0-90 cm depth at dune top,upslope,downslope and interdune,which were 12.4%,13.3%,9.7% and 14.6% of rainfall,respectively. At 0- 10 cm layer,soil water storage increment at interdune was significantly higher than that of dune top and upslope,and there were no significant differences at other layers among different locations( P<0.05). During the period with no rain for long time,soil water at dune top and upslope was in deficit,and it is necessary to take measures to maintain a dynamic balance in soil water,which is good for vegetation restoration and desert reversal.
In this paper,a typical landscape unit,dune- interdune in Horqin Sandy Land was selected as study object,and the characteristics of soil moisture distribution and rainfall recharge along terrain before and after a moderate rainfall event( 22. 6 mm) were analyzed. The results showed that,in the horizontal direction,there were significant differences among the mean soil moisture content( SMC) of 0- 90 cm depth at different locations. Before rainfall,the order of SMC at different locations was interdune( 10.30%),downslope( 1.18%),dune top( 0.98%)and upslope( 0.75%); after rainfall,the rate of SMC increment was 2.33% for dune top,3.50%for upslope,1.77% for downslope and 0.34% for interdune. In the vertical direction,soil moisture distribution with depth before and after rainfall was related with locations. Before rainfall,surface SMC was quite low and mean SMC was slightly higher at 40-100 cm depth of dune top,and at 20- 50 cm and 120- 200 cm depth of upslope. At downslope and interdune,SMC increased with depth up to saturated values. After rainfall,soil water storage increased at 0- 110 cm,0-110 cm,0-50 cm and 0-90 cm depth at dune top,upslope,downslope and interdune,which were 12.4%,13.3%,9.7% and 14.6% of rainfall,respectively. At 0- 10 cm layer,soil water storage increment at interdune was significantly higher than that of dune top and upslope,and there were no significant differences at other layers among different locations( P<0.05). During the period with no rain for long time,soil water at dune top and upslope was in deficit,and it is necessary to take measures to maintain a dynamic balance in soil water,which is good for vegetation restoration and desert reversal.
引文
阿拉木萨,慈龙骏,杨晓晖,等.2006.科尔沁沙地不同密度小叶锦鸡儿灌丛水量平衡研究.应用生态学报,17(1)31-35.
阿拉木萨,蒋德明,李雪华.2007.科尔沁沙地典型人工植被区土壤水分动态研究.干旱区研究,24(5):604-609.
阿拉木萨,蒋德明,裴铁璠.2003.沙地人工小叶锦鸡儿植被根系分布与土壤水分关系研究.水土保持学报,17(3):78-81.
阿拉木萨,蒋德明,裴铁璠.2004.科尔沁沙地人工小叶锦鸡儿植被水分入渗动态研究.生态学杂志,23(1):56-59.
崔利强,吴波,杨文斌,等.2010.毛乌素沙地东南缘不同植被盖度下土壤水分特征分析.干旱区资源与环境,24(2):177-182.
冯起,程国栋.1999.我国沙地水分状况及其意义.土壤学报,36(2):225-236.
冯伟,杨文斌,李卫,等.2014.毛乌素沙地沙柳固定沙丘土壤水分对降雨的响应.水土保持学报,28(5):95-99.
何志斌,赵文智.2002.半干旱地区流动沙地土壤湿度变异及其对降水的依赖.中国沙漠,22(4):359-362.
黄昌勇.2000.土壤学.北京:中国农业出版社.
李东方,刘廷玺,王冠丽,等.2013.科尔沁沙地沙丘-草甸区土壤水、地下水对降雨的响应.干旱区资源与环境,27(4):123-128.
李和平,牛海,赵萌莉,等.2008.毛乌素沙地土壤水分日动态变化分析.灌溉排水学报,27(4):102-105.
李新荣,马凤云,龙立群,等.2001.沙坡头地区固沙植被土壤水分动态研究.中国沙漠,21(3):217-222.
李衍青,孙英杰,张铜会,等.2013.小叶锦鸡儿灌丛下土壤水分对降雨的响应.生态学杂志,32(5):1097-1103.
刘新平,张铜会,赵哈林,等.2006.流动沙丘干沙层厚度对土壤水分蒸发的影响.干旱区地理,29(4):523-526.
鲁瑞洁,唐清亮,魏殿生,等.2013.青海湖湖东沙地不同沙丘降雨入渗研究.中国沙漠,33(3):797-803.
吕晶洁,胡春元,贺晓.2005.采煤塌陷对固定沙丘土壤水分动态的研究.干旱区资源与环境,19(7):152-155.
邱扬,傅伯杰,王军,等.2007.土壤水分时空变异及其与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,26(1):100-107.
王冠丽,刘廷玺,孙铁军,等.2008.不同利用方式下沙地土壤凝结水变化规律野外试验分析.中国沙漠,29(5):254-258.
王新平,李欣荣,张景光,等.2002.沙坡头人工植被固沙区天然降水的入渗和分配研究.中国沙漠,22(6):534-540.
伍永秋,张健枫,杜世松,等.2015.毛乌素沙地南缘不同活性沙丘土壤水分时空变化.中国沙漠,35(6):1613-1619.
肖洪浪,李新荣,段争虎,等.2003.流沙固定过程中土壤-植被系统演变.中国沙漠,23(6):605-611.
杨志鹏,李小雁,伊万娟.2010.荒漠灌木树干茎流及其生态水文效应研究进展.中国沙漠,30(2):303-311.
原鹏飞,丁国栋,王炜炜,等.2008.毛乌素沙地降雨入渗和蒸发特征.中国水土保持科学,6(4):23-27.
岳祥飞,崔建垣,张铜会,等.2013.科尔沁沙地雨后黄柳灌丛内外土壤水分动态分析.干旱区资源与环境,27(12):74-80.
张宏俊,刘治国,巩和平,等.2009.固定沙丘土壤水分时空动态变化研究.内蒙古林业科技,35(1):23-26.
赵从举,康慕谊,雷加强.2004.古尔班通古特沙漠腹地土壤水分时空分异研究.水土保持学报,18(4):158-161.
赵景波,郁科科,邵天杰,等.2011.腾格里沙漠沙层水分状况初步研究.资源科学,33(2):259-264.
朱震达.1991.中国脆弱生态带与土地荒漠化.中国沙漠,11(4):11-22.
宗芹,阿拉木萨,骆永明,等.2012.科尔沁沙地沙丘迎风坡面干沙层的空间分布.应用生态学报,23(4):875-880.
Berndtsson R,Nodomi K,Yasuda H,et al.1996.Soil water and temperature patterns in an arid desert dune sand.Journal of Hydrology,185:221-240.
Chen G,Dong Z,Yan P.1996.Desertification:Internationa research topics and research strategies of China.Exploration of Nature,15:1-5.
Grayson RB,Western AW,Chiew FHS,et al.1997.Preferred states in spatial soil moisture patterns:Local and nonloca controls.Water Resources Research,33:2897-2908.
Kremer RG,Hunt JRE,Running SW,et al.1996.Simulating vegetational and hydrologic responses to natural climatic variation and GCM-predicted climate change in a semi-arid ecosystem in Washington,USA.Journal of Arid Environments,33:23-38.
Levia DF,Frost EE.2003.A review and evaluation of stemflow literature in the hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles of forested and agricultural ecosystems.Journal of Hydrology,274:1-29.
Nash MS,Wierenga PJ,Butlernance A,et al.1989.Variation in tension,water content,and drainage rate along a 91-m transect.Soil Science,148:94-101.
Niu C,Musa A,Liu Y.2015.Analysis of soil moisture condition under different land uses in the arid region of Horqin sandy land,northern China.Solid Earth,6:1157-1167.
Pan YX,Wang XP.2009.Factors controlling the spatial variability of surface soil moisture within revegetated-stabilized desert ecosystems of the Tengger Desert,Northern China.Hydrological Processes,23:1591-1601.
Zuo XA,Zhao HL,Zhao XY,et al.2008.Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of soil properties in sand dunes under grazing and restoration in Horqin Sandy Land,Northern China.Soil&Tillage Research,99:202-212.
阿拉木萨,蒋德明,李雪华.2007.科尔沁沙地典型人工植被区土壤水分动态研究.干旱区研究,24(5):604-609.
阿拉木萨,蒋德明,裴铁璠.2003.沙地人工小叶锦鸡儿植被根系分布与土壤水分关系研究.水土保持学报,17(3):78-81.
阿拉木萨,蒋德明,裴铁璠.2004.科尔沁沙地人工小叶锦鸡儿植被水分入渗动态研究.生态学杂志,23(1):56-59.
崔利强,吴波,杨文斌,等.2010.毛乌素沙地东南缘不同植被盖度下土壤水分特征分析.干旱区资源与环境,24(2):177-182.
冯起,程国栋.1999.我国沙地水分状况及其意义.土壤学报,36(2):225-236.
冯伟,杨文斌,李卫,等.2014.毛乌素沙地沙柳固定沙丘土壤水分对降雨的响应.水土保持学报,28(5):95-99.
何志斌,赵文智.2002.半干旱地区流动沙地土壤湿度变异及其对降水的依赖.中国沙漠,22(4):359-362.
黄昌勇.2000.土壤学.北京:中国农业出版社.
李东方,刘廷玺,王冠丽,等.2013.科尔沁沙地沙丘-草甸区土壤水、地下水对降雨的响应.干旱区资源与环境,27(4):123-128.
李和平,牛海,赵萌莉,等.2008.毛乌素沙地土壤水分日动态变化分析.灌溉排水学报,27(4):102-105.
李新荣,马凤云,龙立群,等.2001.沙坡头地区固沙植被土壤水分动态研究.中国沙漠,21(3):217-222.
李衍青,孙英杰,张铜会,等.2013.小叶锦鸡儿灌丛下土壤水分对降雨的响应.生态学杂志,32(5):1097-1103.
刘新平,张铜会,赵哈林,等.2006.流动沙丘干沙层厚度对土壤水分蒸发的影响.干旱区地理,29(4):523-526.
鲁瑞洁,唐清亮,魏殿生,等.2013.青海湖湖东沙地不同沙丘降雨入渗研究.中国沙漠,33(3):797-803.
吕晶洁,胡春元,贺晓.2005.采煤塌陷对固定沙丘土壤水分动态的研究.干旱区资源与环境,19(7):152-155.
邱扬,傅伯杰,王军,等.2007.土壤水分时空变异及其与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,26(1):100-107.
王冠丽,刘廷玺,孙铁军,等.2008.不同利用方式下沙地土壤凝结水变化规律野外试验分析.中国沙漠,29(5):254-258.
王新平,李欣荣,张景光,等.2002.沙坡头人工植被固沙区天然降水的入渗和分配研究.中国沙漠,22(6):534-540.
伍永秋,张健枫,杜世松,等.2015.毛乌素沙地南缘不同活性沙丘土壤水分时空变化.中国沙漠,35(6):1613-1619.
肖洪浪,李新荣,段争虎,等.2003.流沙固定过程中土壤-植被系统演变.中国沙漠,23(6):605-611.
杨志鹏,李小雁,伊万娟.2010.荒漠灌木树干茎流及其生态水文效应研究进展.中国沙漠,30(2):303-311.
原鹏飞,丁国栋,王炜炜,等.2008.毛乌素沙地降雨入渗和蒸发特征.中国水土保持科学,6(4):23-27.
岳祥飞,崔建垣,张铜会,等.2013.科尔沁沙地雨后黄柳灌丛内外土壤水分动态分析.干旱区资源与环境,27(12):74-80.
张宏俊,刘治国,巩和平,等.2009.固定沙丘土壤水分时空动态变化研究.内蒙古林业科技,35(1):23-26.
赵从举,康慕谊,雷加强.2004.古尔班通古特沙漠腹地土壤水分时空分异研究.水土保持学报,18(4):158-161.
赵景波,郁科科,邵天杰,等.2011.腾格里沙漠沙层水分状况初步研究.资源科学,33(2):259-264.
朱震达.1991.中国脆弱生态带与土地荒漠化.中国沙漠,11(4):11-22.
宗芹,阿拉木萨,骆永明,等.2012.科尔沁沙地沙丘迎风坡面干沙层的空间分布.应用生态学报,23(4):875-880.
Berndtsson R,Nodomi K,Yasuda H,et al.1996.Soil water and temperature patterns in an arid desert dune sand.Journal of Hydrology,185:221-240.
Chen G,Dong Z,Yan P.1996.Desertification:Internationa research topics and research strategies of China.Exploration of Nature,15:1-5.
Grayson RB,Western AW,Chiew FHS,et al.1997.Preferred states in spatial soil moisture patterns:Local and nonloca controls.Water Resources Research,33:2897-2908.
Kremer RG,Hunt JRE,Running SW,et al.1996.Simulating vegetational and hydrologic responses to natural climatic variation and GCM-predicted climate change in a semi-arid ecosystem in Washington,USA.Journal of Arid Environments,33:23-38.
Levia DF,Frost EE.2003.A review and evaluation of stemflow literature in the hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles of forested and agricultural ecosystems.Journal of Hydrology,274:1-29.
Nash MS,Wierenga PJ,Butlernance A,et al.1989.Variation in tension,water content,and drainage rate along a 91-m transect.Soil Science,148:94-101.
Niu C,Musa A,Liu Y.2015.Analysis of soil moisture condition under different land uses in the arid region of Horqin sandy land,northern China.Solid Earth,6:1157-1167.
Pan YX,Wang XP.2009.Factors controlling the spatial variability of surface soil moisture within revegetated-stabilized desert ecosystems of the Tengger Desert,Northern China.Hydrological Processes,23:1591-1601.
Zuo XA,Zhao HL,Zhao XY,et al.2008.Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of soil properties in sand dunes under grazing and restoration in Horqin Sandy Land,Northern China.Soil&Tillage Research,99:202-212.