手推式杭白菊梳齿摘花机结构设计与试验
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摘要
针对杭白菊采摘耗费人力、采摘效率低、尚未实现机械化等问题,设计了一种杭白菊梳齿摘花机。该摘花机主要由采花梳齿、带安装孔链条、链轮、传动轴、分花齿、刷子、箱体、机架、车轮、步进电动机及控制部分等组成。采花梳齿间隙大于花蕾直径小于胎菊直径,利用冲击力将花朵强行摘下。试验表明,杭白菊梳齿摘花机能够可靠实现杭白菊花朵的采摘。在花朵含水率为82.5%,杭白菊梳齿摘花机采花梳齿间隙为7.5~9.0 mm时,梳齿摘花机采摘效果较佳,花朵落地率为0~4.06%,花朵破碎率为0~1.00%,花朵摘除率为92.43%~98.11%。正交试验表明,当采花梳齿间隙为8.5 mm、分花齿间隙为17 mm、喂入深度为200 mm、主动轴转速为60 r/min时,梳齿摘花机工作状况较佳,此时,花朵摘除率为97.61%,花朵落地率为0.65%,花朵破碎率为0.03%。
In order to solve the human cost,low efficiency,non-mechanization and other issues of picking,a Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine was designed. The picking machine was mainly composed of comb-teeth,two chains with installation holes,four sprockets,a driven shaft,separating teeth,a box,a machine frame,four wheels,a stepping motor and control part. The gap between comb-teeth was larger than the diameter of bud and less than the diameter of tire chrysanthemum. The flowers were forced to take off by the impact. The test showed that Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine can take off the Chrysanthemum morifolium flower reliably. The test was done when the flower moisture content was 82. 5%. The single test of comb-teeth gap selected five levels( 7. 0 mm,7. 5 mm,8. 0 mm,8. 5 mm,9. 0 mm). The Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine worked well at the gap of 7. 5 ~ 9. 0 mm. The drop rate was 0 ~ 4. 06%,the broken rate was 0 ~ 1. 00% and the removal rate was 92. 43% ~ 98. 11%. The orthogonal tests showed the best combination of comb-teeth gap,separating teeth gap,feeding depth and rotational speed. Four levels were selected such as 7. 5 mm,8. 0 mm,8. 5 mm and 9. 0 mm for comb-teeth gap. Separating teeth gap included four levels such as 13 mm,15 mm,17 mm and 19 mm. Four levels( 125 mm,150 mm,175 mm,200 mm) were chosen for feeding depth. Rotational speed selected four levels such as30 r / min,40 r / min,50 r / min and 60 r / min. The test showed that when the comb-teeth gap was8. 5 mm,the separating teeth was 17 mm,the feeding depth was 200 mm and the rotational speed was60 r / min,Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine would work better. The removal rate was 97. 61%,the drop rate was 0. 65% and the broken rate was 0. 03% at this time.
In order to solve the human cost,low efficiency,non-mechanization and other issues of picking,a Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine was designed. The picking machine was mainly composed of comb-teeth,two chains with installation holes,four sprockets,a driven shaft,separating teeth,a box,a machine frame,four wheels,a stepping motor and control part. The gap between comb-teeth was larger than the diameter of bud and less than the diameter of tire chrysanthemum. The flowers were forced to take off by the impact. The test showed that Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine can take off the Chrysanthemum morifolium flower reliably. The test was done when the flower moisture content was 82. 5%. The single test of comb-teeth gap selected five levels( 7. 0 mm,7. 5 mm,8. 0 mm,8. 5 mm,9. 0 mm). The Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine worked well at the gap of 7. 5 ~ 9. 0 mm. The drop rate was 0 ~ 4. 06%,the broken rate was 0 ~ 1. 00% and the removal rate was 92. 43% ~ 98. 11%. The orthogonal tests showed the best combination of comb-teeth gap,separating teeth gap,feeding depth and rotational speed. Four levels were selected such as 7. 5 mm,8. 0 mm,8. 5 mm and 9. 0 mm for comb-teeth gap. Separating teeth gap included four levels such as 13 mm,15 mm,17 mm and 19 mm. Four levels( 125 mm,150 mm,175 mm,200 mm) were chosen for feeding depth. Rotational speed selected four levels such as30 r / min,40 r / min,50 r / min and 60 r / min. The test showed that when the comb-teeth gap was8. 5 mm,the separating teeth was 17 mm,the feeding depth was 200 mm and the rotational speed was60 r / min,Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine would work better. The removal rate was 97. 61%,the drop rate was 0. 65% and the broken rate was 0. 03% at this time.
引文
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2 李传友,王晓平,徐振兴,等.京郊玉米种植农机农艺融合问题探究[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(1):40-45,61.LI Chuanyou,WANG Xiaoping,XU Zhenxing,et al.Exploration of corn planting with agricultural machinery and agronomic fusion problem of in Beijing suburb[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(1):40-45,61.(in Chinese)
3 JIMENEZ A R,JAIN A K,CERES R,et al.Automatic fruit recognition:a survey and new results using Range/Attenuation images[J].Pattern Recognition,1999,32(10):1719-1736.
4 翟大鹏.手提式菊花采摘器:中国,200820117042.3[P].2009-04-08.
5 马红勇,唐国平,王维维.一种采花器:中国,200920111667.3[P].2010-06-09.
6 牛国玲,姜永成,李镖镖,等.万寿菊机械式采摘现状分析[J].机械工程师,2014(5):32-34.
7 苏秀荣.自动金银花采花机:中国,201320050683.2[P].2013-09-11.
8 李宝筏.农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:31-32.
9 濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].8版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006:177-178.
10 袁建宁,李显旺,张晓文,等.梳脱式收获机设计理论的研究[J].农业机械学报,1998,29(2):37-43.YUAN Jianning,LI Xianwang,ZHANG Xiaowen,et al.Researchs of the theory for striping harvester design[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1998,29(2):37-43.(in Chinese)
11 吕有界,赵华海,王玉兴.摘穗式收割机摘脱过程的理论分析与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2004,26(5):197-200.LV Youjie,ZHAO Huahai,WANG Yuxing.Theoretical analyses of and experimental study on stripping process of stripper harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2004,26(5):197-200.(in Chinese)
12 镇江农业机械学院.农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1981:43-48.
13 罗特军,魏泳涛.理论力学[M].2版.成都:四川大学出版社,2007:261-286.
14 凌邦国.碰撞过程中碰撞力定量计算[J].南通工学院学报:社会科学版,2001,17(4):7-9.LING Bangguo.The quantitative calculation of impact in the process of collision[J].Journal of Nantong Institute of Technology:Social Science Edition,2001,17(4):7-9.(in Chinese)
15 郑焕武.碰撞时间的定量计算[J].四川师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001,24(3):307-309.ZHENG Huanwu.The quantitative calculation of collision time[J].Journal of Sichuan Normal University:Natural Science,2001,24(3):307-309.(in Chinese)
16 陈建东,郭辉,韩长杰,等.小型啤酒花采摘机的结构设计及试验[J].新疆农业大学学报,2010,33(6):513-516.CHEN Jiandong,GUO Hui,HAN Changjie,et al.Structural design and experiment of hops’minitype-pick machine[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2010,33(6):513-516.(in Chinese)