喷施宝叶面肥对农药胁迫下土壤脲酶活性的影响
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摘要
【目的】科学合理评价水溶性有机肥及杀虫剂的环境效应,探讨叶面肥喷施宝对3种农药(哒螨灵、联苯菊酯、毒死蜱)胁迫下茶园土壤脲酶活性的影响。【方法】模拟茶园喷施农药,采用苯酚-次氯酸钠比色法测定土壤脲酶活性。【结果】试验早期哒螨灵对茶园土壤脲酶活性影响不显著,后期表现为激活效应,脲酶活性比空白对照(喷施清水)高23%。整个试验周期联苯菊酯未对茶园土壤的脲酶活性产生显著影响。叶面肥喷施宝对哒螨灵或联苯菊酯胁迫下茶园土壤脲酶活性的影响表现为先明显抑制后逐渐减弱,最终恢复到原有水平。试验早期,喷施宝复配哒螨灵两个处理的脲酶活性分别比空白对照下降22%、24%,比单施哒螨灵下降25%、23%。喷施宝复配联苯菊酯处理的脲酶活性比对空白对照下降17%,比单施联苯菊酯下降15%。毒死蜱和叶面肥喷施宝对茶园土壤脲酶活性的影响均表现为先显著抑制后逐渐恢复的效应,试验早期叶面肥喷施宝对毒死蜱胁迫下脲酶活性的抑制作用有所缓解。【结论】叶面肥喷施宝复配3种杀虫剂的使用对茶园土壤脲酶活性产生不同影响。
【Objective】The environmental effects of water-soluble organic fertilizer and insecticides were evaluated in scientific and reasonable way, with an aim to delve into, the effect of Penshibao foliar fertilizer on the soil urease activity in the tea garden under three pesticide stresses(Pyridaben, Bifenthrin and Chlorpyrifos).【Method】The study was carried out by simulating the application of pesticide in tea garden and the soil urease activity was determined by phenol sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method.【Result】At the early stage of the experiment, Pyridaben had an insignificant effect on soil the urease activity, and showed an activating effect in the later stage, with the urease activity 23% higher than the control sample. Bifenthrin had an insignificant effect on the urease activity throughout the experiment. The significant inhibiting effect of Penshibao foliar fertilizer on the soil urease activity under the stress of Pyridaben or Bifenthrin weakened gradually, and finally returned to the original level. At the early stage of the experiment, upon applying the compound of Penshibao and Pyridaben, the urease activity reduced by 22% and 24% compared with the control sample, respectively, and by 25% and 23% compared with application of Pyridaben. Upon applying the compound of Penshibao and Bifenthrin, the urease activity decreased by 17% compared with the control sample, and by 15% compared with application of Bifenthrin. The inhibiting effect of both Chlorpyrifos and Penshibao foliar fertilizer on the soil urease activity in the tea garden was significant at the beginning, and then showed a gradual recovery. The early inhibiting effect of Penshibao foliar fertilizer on the urease activity under the stress of Chlorpyrifos was relieved. 【Conclusion】The use of compounding Penshibao foliar fertilizer with the three insecticides had different effects on soil the urease activity in tea garden.
【Objective】The environmental effects of water-soluble organic fertilizer and insecticides were evaluated in scientific and reasonable way, with an aim to delve into, the effect of Penshibao foliar fertilizer on the soil urease activity in the tea garden under three pesticide stresses(Pyridaben, Bifenthrin and Chlorpyrifos).【Method】The study was carried out by simulating the application of pesticide in tea garden and the soil urease activity was determined by phenol sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method.【Result】At the early stage of the experiment, Pyridaben had an insignificant effect on soil the urease activity, and showed an activating effect in the later stage, with the urease activity 23% higher than the control sample. Bifenthrin had an insignificant effect on the urease activity throughout the experiment. The significant inhibiting effect of Penshibao foliar fertilizer on the soil urease activity under the stress of Pyridaben or Bifenthrin weakened gradually, and finally returned to the original level. At the early stage of the experiment, upon applying the compound of Penshibao and Pyridaben, the urease activity reduced by 22% and 24% compared with the control sample, respectively, and by 25% and 23% compared with application of Pyridaben. Upon applying the compound of Penshibao and Bifenthrin, the urease activity decreased by 17% compared with the control sample, and by 15% compared with application of Bifenthrin. The inhibiting effect of both Chlorpyrifos and Penshibao foliar fertilizer on the soil urease activity in the tea garden was significant at the beginning, and then showed a gradual recovery. The early inhibiting effect of Penshibao foliar fertilizer on the urease activity under the stress of Chlorpyrifos was relieved. 【Conclusion】The use of compounding Penshibao foliar fertilizer with the three insecticides had different effects on soil the urease activity in tea garden.
引文
[1]张丽莉,陈利军,刘桂芬,武志杰.污染土壤的酶学修复研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(12):2342-2346.ZHANG L L,CHEN L J,LIU G F,WU Z J.Advance in enzymological remediation of polluted soils[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(12):2342-2346.
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[4]陈小锦,沈鹏飞,陈博阳,王露,曹雪林,张文清,余彬彬,姚粉霞,盛海君,钱晓晴.不同蚓粪添加量对红壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(11):443-445.CHEN X J,SHEN P F,CHEN B Y,WANG L,CAO X L,ZHANG W Q,YU B B,YAO F X,SHENG H J,QIAN X Q.Effects of different amount of earthworm manure on microorganism and enzyme activity in red soil[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2016,44(11):443-445.
[5]李燕婷,李秀英,肖艳,赵秉强,王丽霞.叶面肥的营养机理及应用研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):166-167.LI Y T,LI X Y,XIAO Y,ZHAO B Q,WANG L X.Advances in study on mechanism of foliar nutrition and development of foliar fertilizer application[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(1):166-167.
[6]蔡玉琪,石利利,单正军.哒螨灵农药在土壤中的降解吸附和移动特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(9):1948-1951.CAI Y Q,SHI L L,SHAN Z J.Degradation,adsorption and migration of pyridaben in soils[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(9):1948-1951.
[7]李霞,潘开文,高平,王进闯,蔡登高.农药对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(21):6510-6512.LI X,PAN K W,GAO P,WANG J C,CAI D G.Effect of the pesticide on soil microbe and enzyme activity[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science,2007,35(21):6510-6512.
[8]谢勇波,周清明,龚道新.不同化学农药对土壤脲酶活性的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2010(3):63-65.XIE Y B,ZHOU Q M,GONG D X.Effects of different chemical pesticides on activity of soil urease[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2010(3):63-65.
[9]谢慧,朱鲁生,谭梅英.哌虫啶在土壤中的降解动态及对土壤微生物的影响[J].土壤,2016,53(1):232-240.XIE H,ZHU L S,TAN M Y.Degradation dynamics of IPP in soil and its effects on soil microorganisms[J].Soils,2016,53(1):232-240.
[10]NAZIMA R,ZAFAR A R,MANZOOR A S.Effect of butachlor(G)on soil enzyme activity[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2014,61:94-100.
[11]ABDEL M A Y,MOHARRAM A M,ABDEL K M.Effect of soil treatment with the organophosphorus insecticide profenfos on the fungal flora and some microbial activities[J].Microbiological Research,1994,149(2):167-171.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.BAO S D.Analysis of Agrochemical Soil[M].Third Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2002.
[13]郭明,尹亚梅.农用化学物质对土壤脲酶活性的影响[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(2):68-71.GUO M,YIN Y M.Effects of agricultural chemicals on soil urease activity[J].Agro-environmental Protection,2000,19(2):68-71.
[14]李蓓.哒螨灵在土壤中的残留消解及其生态毒性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.LI B.Dissipation and Ecotoxicological Effects of Pesticide Pyridaben in Soil[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2009.
[15]JANUSKAITIENE I,KACIENE G.The effect of foliar spray fertilizers on the tolerance of Hordeum rulgare to UV-B radiation and drought stress[J].Cereal Research Communications,2017,45(3):1-11.
[16]杨彩宏,张妤,崔烨,冯莉,郭爱玲,田兴山.二氯喹啉酸在水旱条件下对土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(6):74-79.YANG C H,ZHANG Y,CUI Y,FENG L,GUO A L,TIAN X S.Effects of quinclorac on soil enzymes activities and microbial community under flooded and non-flooded conditions[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2015,42(6):74-79.
[17]周世萍,段昌群,韩青辉.毒死蜱对土壤蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].生态环境,2005,14(5):672-674.ZHOU S P,DUAN C Q,HAN Q H.Effect of chlorpyrifos on soil sucrase activitiy[J].Ecology and Environment,2005,14(5):672-674.
[18]李永红,高玉葆.土壤中单嘧磺隆对谷子生长及土壤微生物若干生化功能的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(4):78-82.LI Y H,GAO Y B.Effects of monosulfuron on growth of millet and soil microbial function[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2004,23(4):78-82.
[19]肖明礼,刘高,韦建玉,金亚波,王军,王行,王维.烤烟根系分泌物对植烟土壤酶及养分活化作用的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(12):59-66.XIAO M L,LIU G,WEI J Y,JIN Y B,WANG J,WANG H,WANG W.Effects of root exudates of flue-cured tobacco on soil enzymes and nutrient activation in tobacco planting[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2017,44(12):59-66.
[20]杨冬艳,桑婷,冯海萍,王学梅.日光温室豆科绿肥作物还田前后土壤生物活性差异特征初探[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(8):74-78.YANG D Y,SANG T,FENG H P,WANG X M.Difference characteristics of soil bioactivities in greenhouse after returned green manure of leguminous plant to the field[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2017,44(8):74-78.
[21]马积彪,付立杰,张涛,范艳霞,杨瑞生,金英.叶面肥喷施宝对柞树和柞蚕的增产效应[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2000,31(2):200-202.MA J B,FU L J,ZHANG T,FAN Y X,YANG R S,JIN Y.Effect of Penshibao on production of oak tree Silkworm[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2000,31(2):200-202.
[22]傅金民,张庚灵,史春余,颜环环,苏芳.大豆开花后叶片衰老规律的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(5):796-801.FU J M,ZHANG G L,SHI C Y,YAN H H,SU F.Senescence law of leaf after soybean flowering[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2000,20(5):796-801.
[23]唐玉妹,魏朝富,颜廷梅,杨林章,慈恩.土壤质量生物学指标研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(2):157-163.TANG Y S,WEI C F,YAN T M,YANG L Z,CI E.Biological indicator of soil quality:A review[J].Soils,2007,39(2):157-163.
[2]奚旦立,孙裕生,刘秀英.环境监测[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995.XI D L,SUN Y S,LIU X Y.Environmental Monitoring[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1995.
[3]JUAN C.SANCHE Z H,MARCO S,ANTOINE P.Short-term response of soil enzyme activities in a chlorpyrifos-treated mesocosm:Use of enzyme-based indexes[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,73:525-535.
[4]陈小锦,沈鹏飞,陈博阳,王露,曹雪林,张文清,余彬彬,姚粉霞,盛海君,钱晓晴.不同蚓粪添加量对红壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(11):443-445.CHEN X J,SHEN P F,CHEN B Y,WANG L,CAO X L,ZHANG W Q,YU B B,YAO F X,SHENG H J,QIAN X Q.Effects of different amount of earthworm manure on microorganism and enzyme activity in red soil[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2016,44(11):443-445.
[5]李燕婷,李秀英,肖艳,赵秉强,王丽霞.叶面肥的营养机理及应用研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):166-167.LI Y T,LI X Y,XIAO Y,ZHAO B Q,WANG L X.Advances in study on mechanism of foliar nutrition and development of foliar fertilizer application[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(1):166-167.
[6]蔡玉琪,石利利,单正军.哒螨灵农药在土壤中的降解吸附和移动特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(9):1948-1951.CAI Y Q,SHI L L,SHAN Z J.Degradation,adsorption and migration of pyridaben in soils[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(9):1948-1951.
[7]李霞,潘开文,高平,王进闯,蔡登高.农药对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(21):6510-6512.LI X,PAN K W,GAO P,WANG J C,CAI D G.Effect of the pesticide on soil microbe and enzyme activity[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science,2007,35(21):6510-6512.
[8]谢勇波,周清明,龚道新.不同化学农药对土壤脲酶活性的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2010(3):63-65.XIE Y B,ZHOU Q M,GONG D X.Effects of different chemical pesticides on activity of soil urease[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2010(3):63-65.
[9]谢慧,朱鲁生,谭梅英.哌虫啶在土壤中的降解动态及对土壤微生物的影响[J].土壤,2016,53(1):232-240.XIE H,ZHU L S,TAN M Y.Degradation dynamics of IPP in soil and its effects on soil microorganisms[J].Soils,2016,53(1):232-240.
[10]NAZIMA R,ZAFAR A R,MANZOOR A S.Effect of butachlor(G)on soil enzyme activity[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2014,61:94-100.
[11]ABDEL M A Y,MOHARRAM A M,ABDEL K M.Effect of soil treatment with the organophosphorus insecticide profenfos on the fungal flora and some microbial activities[J].Microbiological Research,1994,149(2):167-171.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.BAO S D.Analysis of Agrochemical Soil[M].Third Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2002.
[13]郭明,尹亚梅.农用化学物质对土壤脲酶活性的影响[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(2):68-71.GUO M,YIN Y M.Effects of agricultural chemicals on soil urease activity[J].Agro-environmental Protection,2000,19(2):68-71.
[14]李蓓.哒螨灵在土壤中的残留消解及其生态毒性研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.LI B.Dissipation and Ecotoxicological Effects of Pesticide Pyridaben in Soil[D].Changsha:Hunan Agriculture University,2009.
[15]JANUSKAITIENE I,KACIENE G.The effect of foliar spray fertilizers on the tolerance of Hordeum rulgare to UV-B radiation and drought stress[J].Cereal Research Communications,2017,45(3):1-11.
[16]杨彩宏,张妤,崔烨,冯莉,郭爱玲,田兴山.二氯喹啉酸在水旱条件下对土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(6):74-79.YANG C H,ZHANG Y,CUI Y,FENG L,GUO A L,TIAN X S.Effects of quinclorac on soil enzymes activities and microbial community under flooded and non-flooded conditions[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2015,42(6):74-79.
[17]周世萍,段昌群,韩青辉.毒死蜱对土壤蔗糖酶活性的影响[J].生态环境,2005,14(5):672-674.ZHOU S P,DUAN C Q,HAN Q H.Effect of chlorpyrifos on soil sucrase activitiy[J].Ecology and Environment,2005,14(5):672-674.
[18]李永红,高玉葆.土壤中单嘧磺隆对谷子生长及土壤微生物若干生化功能的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(4):78-82.LI Y H,GAO Y B.Effects of monosulfuron on growth of millet and soil microbial function[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2004,23(4):78-82.
[19]肖明礼,刘高,韦建玉,金亚波,王军,王行,王维.烤烟根系分泌物对植烟土壤酶及养分活化作用的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(12):59-66.XIAO M L,LIU G,WEI J Y,JIN Y B,WANG J,WANG H,WANG W.Effects of root exudates of flue-cured tobacco on soil enzymes and nutrient activation in tobacco planting[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2017,44(12):59-66.
[20]杨冬艳,桑婷,冯海萍,王学梅.日光温室豆科绿肥作物还田前后土壤生物活性差异特征初探[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(8):74-78.YANG D Y,SANG T,FENG H P,WANG X M.Difference characteristics of soil bioactivities in greenhouse after returned green manure of leguminous plant to the field[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2017,44(8):74-78.
[21]马积彪,付立杰,张涛,范艳霞,杨瑞生,金英.叶面肥喷施宝对柞树和柞蚕的增产效应[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2000,31(2):200-202.MA J B,FU L J,ZHANG T,FAN Y X,YANG R S,JIN Y.Effect of Penshibao on production of oak tree Silkworm[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2000,31(2):200-202.
[22]傅金民,张庚灵,史春余,颜环环,苏芳.大豆开花后叶片衰老规律的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000,20(5):796-801.FU J M,ZHANG G L,SHI C Y,YAN H H,SU F.Senescence law of leaf after soybean flowering[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2000,20(5):796-801.
[23]唐玉妹,魏朝富,颜廷梅,杨林章,慈恩.土壤质量生物学指标研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(2):157-163.TANG Y S,WEI C F,YAN T M,YANG L Z,CI E.Biological indicator of soil quality:A review[J].Soils,2007,39(2):157-163.