中小城市不同功能区降雨径流氮污染特征及其对水体的影响
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摘要
研究了典型中小城市滨州的不同功能区降雨径流中的氮污染特征及其对水体污染的影响。结果表明,滨州城区不同功能区降雨径流总无机氮(TIN)、氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度分别为0.22~10.19、0.01~1.73、0~6.61、0~1.84mg/L。部分降雨径流样品的TIN已经超过了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中总氮的Ⅴ类水体标准限值。各形态无机氮浓度在不同功能区存在显著差异。TIN浓度均值表现为:农业区>文教区>工业区>居住区>商业区>交通要道。降雨径流中的氮元素主要以硝酸盐氮形式存在。河流中TIN主要来自氨氮,其浓度水平与降雨径流相当。因此,降雨径流的氮污染对河流有重要影响,应引起重视。
Binzhou is a typical small-medium city in China.Nitrogen pollution characteristics of rainfall runoff and its impact on river water in different functional areas of Binzhou were investigated.Results showed that mass concentrations of total inorganic nitrogen(TIN),ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N)and nitrite nitrogen(NO_2~--N)in rainfall runoff of Binzhou were 0.22~10.19,0.01~1.73,0~6.61,0~1.84 mg/L,respectively.TIN of several rainfall runoff samples had exceeded total nitrogen classⅤ standard of"Environmental quality standards for surface water"(GB 3838-2002).The forms of inorganic nitrogen in different functional areas had great difference.TIN average concentration revealed agricultural area>cultural area>industrial area>residential area>commercial area>transportation artery.The main nitrogen form in the rainfall runoff was NO_3~--N while that in river NH_4~+-N.The concentrations of TIN and NH_4~+-N in the river were at the same level as that in rainfall runoff,indicating that nitrogen pollution in rainfall runoff had significant inffluence on river water.
Binzhou is a typical small-medium city in China.Nitrogen pollution characteristics of rainfall runoff and its impact on river water in different functional areas of Binzhou were investigated.Results showed that mass concentrations of total inorganic nitrogen(TIN),ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N)and nitrite nitrogen(NO_2~--N)in rainfall runoff of Binzhou were 0.22~10.19,0.01~1.73,0~6.61,0~1.84 mg/L,respectively.TIN of several rainfall runoff samples had exceeded total nitrogen classⅤ standard of"Environmental quality standards for surface water"(GB 3838-2002).The forms of inorganic nitrogen in different functional areas had great difference.TIN average concentration revealed agricultural area>cultural area>industrial area>residential area>commercial area>transportation artery.The main nitrogen form in the rainfall runoff was NO_3~--N while that in river NH_4~+-N.The concentrations of TIN and NH_4~+-N in the river were at the same level as that in rainfall runoff,indicating that nitrogen pollution in rainfall runoff had significant inffluence on river water.
引文
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[29]XING Guangxi,CAO Yacheng,SHI Shulian,et al.N pollution sources and denitrification in waterbodies in Taihu Lake region[J].Science in China:Series B Chemistry,2001,44(3):304-314.
[2]周栋,陈振楼,毕春娟,等.温州城市降雨径流磷的负荷及其初始冲刷效应[J].环境科学,2012,33(8).
[3]杨德敏,曹文志,陈能汪,等.厦门城市降雨径流氮、磷污染特征[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(6).
[4]FIELD R,PITT R E.Urban storm-induced discharge impacts:US Environmental Protection Agency research program review[J].Water Science and Technology,1988,22(10/11):1-7.
[5]NOVOTNY V,OLEM H.Water quality:prevention,identification and management of diffuse pollution[M].New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold,1994.
[6]BRAUNE M J,WOOD A.Best management practices applied to urban runoff quantity and quality control[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,39(12):117-121.
[7]SANSALONE J J,KORAN J M,SMITHSON J A,et al.Physical characteristics of urban roadway solids transported during rain events[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,1998,124(5):427-440.
[8]LEE J H,BANG K W.Characterization of urban storm-water runoff[J].Water Research,2000,34(6):1773-1780.
[9]GROMAIRE MERTZ M C,GARNAUD S,GONZALEZ A,et al.Characterization of urban runoff pollution in Paris[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,39(2):1-8.
[10]GRUM M,AALDERINK R H.A statistical approach to urban runoff pollution modelling[J].Water Science and Technology,1997,36(5):117-124.
[11]DAVIS A P,HUNT W F,TRAVER R G,et al.Bioretention technology:overview of current practice and future needs[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2009,135(3):109-117.
[12]DIBLASI C J,LI H,DAVIS A P,et al.Removal and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in an urban stormwater bioretention facility[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(2):494-502.
[13]USEPA.Meeting the environmental challenge[R].Washington,D.C.:USEPA,1990.
[14]王和意,刘敏,刘巧梅,等.城市降雨径流非点源污染分析与研究进展[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(6):283-285.
[15]李立青,吕书丛,朱仁肖,等.北京市新建城区不透水地表径流N、P输出形态特征研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(11):3760-3767.
[16]蒋海燕,刘敏,顾琦,等.上海城市降水径流营养盐氮负荷及空间分布[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(1).
[17]陈莹,赵剑强,胡博.西安市城市主干道路面径流污染及沉淀特性研究[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(2):331-336.
[18]赵建伟,单保庆,尹澄清.城市旅游区降雨径流污染特征——以武汉动物园为例[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(7):1062-1067.
[19]白津夫,袁晓勐,李学锋,等.中国中小城市发展报告(2014)[R].北京:中国城市经济学会中小城市经济发展委员会,2014.
[20]郭晓琳.滨州——环渤海经济圈依河傍海的美丽城市[J].中国地名,2014(6):69.
[21]PERRY W,MICHAEL C Y.Best-performing cities China2015[R].Santa Monica:Milken Institute,2015.
[22]李芸,刘红心,付云峰,等.滨州市城区水环境现状及治理对策[J].山东水利,2011(7):61-62.
[23]常静,刘敏,许世远,等.上海城市降雨径流污染时空分布与初始冲刷效应[J].地理研究,2006,25(6):994-1002.
[24]祁莹莹.城市降雨径流氮污染特征与生态箱净水技术研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2012.
[25]周玉文,汪明明,赵树旗,等.城市地表径流中营养物质来源的研究[R].北京:《给水排水》编辑部,2005.
[26]何强,彭述娟,王书敏,等.不同下垫面暴雨径流氮赋存形态分布特性及控制技术[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2012,34(5):141-147.
[27]黄金良,杜鹏飞,欧志丹,等.澳门城市小流域地表径流污染特征分析[J].环境科学,2006,27(9):1753-1759.
[28]王吉苹,朱木兰.厦门城市降雨径流氮磷非点源污染负荷分布探讨[J].厦门理工学院学报,2009,17(2):57-61.
[29]XING Guangxi,CAO Yacheng,SHI Shulian,et al.N pollution sources and denitrification in waterbodies in Taihu Lake region[J].Science in China:Series B Chemistry,2001,44(3):304-314.