基于桨距控制的电力系统频率响应特性
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摘要
风电一次调频辅助控制技术是解决高风电渗透率引起电力系统频率特性恶化的有效手段。基于桨距控制的一次调频辅助控制是实现风电机组高于额定风速时的一次调频方法,传统的SFR(System Frequency Response)模型已不能适应含该控制技术的系统频率特性分析计算需求。对此采用传递函数模型定量表征风电场一次调频响应,结合再热式火电机组和水电机组的原动机—调速器模型,并针对含多个风电场/火电机组/水电机组的电力系统,基于加权等值法对各类型机组模型聚合,最终提出了含风电场桨距控制一次调频响应及水电/火电等值机组机电暂态行为的改进SFR解析计算等值模型。仿真结果表明,改进SFR模型能更真实地描述含风电桨距控制一次调频响应作用的电力系统频率特性,为客观评估高风电渗透率下的电力系统频率稳定运行状态提供了理论基础。
Wind power primary frequency regulation auxiliary control technique is a effective method to solve the deterioration of frequency characteristics of the power system by the integration of large-scale wind power into the power system. The primary frequency-modulation auxiliary control based on the pitch control is a primary frequency-modulation method to realize the primary FM transmission when the wind turbine is higher than the rated wind speed. However, the traditional SFR( System Frequency Response) model failed to meet the demands of system frequency characteristic analysis and calculation with the control techniques. Firstly,the transfer function is used to quantitatively characterize the primary frequency response of wind farm by combining with prime mover-governor model of reheat thermal power units and hydropower generation units. Secondly,for a power system with multiple wind farms,thermal power units and hydropower units,a model of different types of unit based on weighted parameter method is built. Lastly,a wind pitch control of primary frequency response and the modified SFR analytical calculation equivalent model with the equivalent unit,including wind power,hydropower and thermal power are proposed. The simulation results show that the modified SFR model can describe power system frequency characteristics with wind power pitch control of primary frequency response better,which provides a theoretical basis for frequency stability of power system with objective assessment of high wind power penetration.
Wind power primary frequency regulation auxiliary control technique is a effective method to solve the deterioration of frequency characteristics of the power system by the integration of large-scale wind power into the power system. The primary frequency-modulation auxiliary control based on the pitch control is a primary frequency-modulation method to realize the primary FM transmission when the wind turbine is higher than the rated wind speed. However, the traditional SFR( System Frequency Response) model failed to meet the demands of system frequency characteristic analysis and calculation with the control techniques. Firstly,the transfer function is used to quantitatively characterize the primary frequency response of wind farm by combining with prime mover-governor model of reheat thermal power units and hydropower generation units. Secondly,for a power system with multiple wind farms,thermal power units and hydropower units,a model of different types of unit based on weighted parameter method is built. Lastly,a wind pitch control of primary frequency response and the modified SFR analytical calculation equivalent model with the equivalent unit,including wind power,hydropower and thermal power are proposed. The simulation results show that the modified SFR model can describe power system frequency characteristics with wind power pitch control of primary frequency response better,which provides a theoretical basis for frequency stability of power system with objective assessment of high wind power penetration.
引文
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[17]李世春,黄悦华,王凌云,等.基于转速控制的双馈风电机组一次调频辅助控制系统建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(24):7077-7086.
[18]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[19]林卫星,文劲宇,艾小猛,等.风电功率波动特性的概率分布研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(1):38-46.
[20]刘延泉,王如蓓,杨堃.基于PSO-SVR的燃气轮机系统建模[J].电力科学与工程,2018,34(6):60-65.
[21]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[22]昆德.电力系统稳定与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.
[2]马晓博.基于小波变换和BP神经网络的短期风电功率预测[J].电力科学与技术学报,2015,30(2):92-97.
[3]LI J,YE L,ZENG Y,et al.A scenario-based robust transmission network expansion planning method for consideration of wind power uncertainties[J].Csee Journal of Power&Energy Systems,2016,2(1):11-18.
[4]刘巨,姚伟,文劲宇,等.大规模风电参与系统频率调整的技术展望[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):638-646.
[5]GB/T 19963-2011,风电场接入电力系统技术规定[S].
[6]ZERTEK A,VERBICG,PANTOM.Participation of DFIG wind turbines in frequency control ancillary service by optimized rotational kinetic energy[C]//Energy Market.IEEE Xplore,2010:1-6.
[7]ERLICH I,WILCH M.Primary frequency control by wind turbines[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting.IEEE,2010:1-8.
[8]FISCHER M,ENGELKEN S,MIHOV N,et al.Operational experiences with inertial response provided by type 4 wind turbines[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2016,10(1):17-24.
[9]ASMINE M,LANGLOIS C.Field measurements for the assessment of inertial response for wind power plants based on Hydro-Québec Transnergie requirements[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2016,10(1):25-32.
[10]汤蕾,沈沉.大规模风电接入对电力系统暂态稳定性影响机理研究[J].电力科学与技术学报,2014,29(4):25-33.
[11]吴瑕,马瑞,李晅,等.高风电穿透变电站母线净有功功率分布的随机模糊模型[J].电力科学与技术学报,2017,32(2):111-118.
[12]YAN R,SAHA T K.Frequency response estimation method for high wind penetration considering wind turbine frequency support functions[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2015,9(7):775-782.
[13]李世春,邓长虹,龙志君,等.风电场等效虚拟惯性时间常数计算[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):22-29.
[14]NAHID A M,YAN R,SAHA T K.A new tool to estimate maximum wind power penetration level:In perspective of frequency response adequacy[J].Applied Energy,2015,154:209-220.
[15]VOGLER F,FRH W G.Evolution of primary frequency control requirements in Great Britain with increasing wind generation[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2015,73:377-388.
[16]Asmine M,Langlois C.Field measurements for the assessment of inertial response for wind power plants based on Hydro-Québec Transnergie requirements[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2016,10(1):25-32.
[17]李世春,黄悦华,王凌云,等.基于转速控制的双馈风电机组一次调频辅助控制系统建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(24):7077-7086.
[18]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[19]林卫星,文劲宇,艾小猛,等.风电功率波动特性的概率分布研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(1):38-46.
[20]刘延泉,王如蓓,杨堃.基于PSO-SVR的燃气轮机系统建模[J].电力科学与工程,2018,34(6):60-65.
[21]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[22]昆德.电力系统稳定与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.