叠前地震反演技术在苏里格气田的应用
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摘要
苏里格气田属于我国特大型气田之一,地震反演技术广泛应用在气田勘探开发阶段.对研究区已有的资料进行岩石物理分析发现,纵波阻抗不能够识别目的层段砂岩、泥岩以及含气层.为了克服这一困难,采用叠前反演技术对盒_8-山_1段岩性气藏进行了刻画.在测井资料质控下以分角度叠加数据体作为输入,可以输出阻抗剖面以及纵横波速度比、泊松比等岩石弹性参数,综合判储层的岩性、物性及含气性.研究结果表明:(1)纵波阻抗不能区分砂泥岩以及含气砂岩,砂岩含气后,纵波阻抗明显降低,且分偏移距叠加数据体的振幅随偏移距的增加而增加,属于第三类AVO;(2)利用Xu-White模型对缺失横波资料进行反演,反演横波与全波测井实测横波对比发现相似度极高;(3)从反演结果来看,砂岩含气后横波阻抗不变,可以指示砂岩,速度比和泊松比显示异常小值,可以刻画含气砂岩.实钻证明,叠前反演技术为最终的井位优选和储层评价提供了可靠的依据.
Sulige gas field is one of the largest gas field in China and seismic inversion is widely used in the stage of gas field exploration and development. According to the rock physical analysis of the data in a study field, P-wave impedance can't be used to identify the sandstone, mudstone of the target layer also the gas-bearing stratum. To overcome the difficulty, pre-stack inversion technology has been applied to describe lithologic gas reservoirs of the box8-shan1.Using the stacking data of different pre-stack angle as an input, quality controlled by logging data, impedance section, S-wave and P-wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio and other elastic parameters of rock can be output to comprehensively identify reservoir lithology, physical property and whether has gas. The result of the study is:(1)P-wave impedance can not distinguish mudstone and gas-bearing sandstone. For gas bearing sandstone, P-wave impedance decreases obviously and the amplitudes of stack gathers with different pre-stack offset increase as the angle increases, which belongs to the third class AVO;(2)when performing inversion lacking of S-wave data with the Xu-White model, the similarity is high compared inversion of S-wave with the S-wave measured by full-wave logging;(3)from the results of inversion, the S-wave impedance of gas-bearing sandstone does not changed, which can indicate the sandstone, also the velocity ratio and Poisson's ratio show abnormal small value, which can describe the gas-bearing sandstone. Above all, in the practical drilling, a reliable basis can be provided for the selection of wells and reservoir evaluation by pre-stack inversion.
Sulige gas field is one of the largest gas field in China and seismic inversion is widely used in the stage of gas field exploration and development. According to the rock physical analysis of the data in a study field, P-wave impedance can't be used to identify the sandstone, mudstone of the target layer also the gas-bearing stratum. To overcome the difficulty, pre-stack inversion technology has been applied to describe lithologic gas reservoirs of the box8-shan1.Using the stacking data of different pre-stack angle as an input, quality controlled by logging data, impedance section, S-wave and P-wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio and other elastic parameters of rock can be output to comprehensively identify reservoir lithology, physical property and whether has gas. The result of the study is:(1)P-wave impedance can not distinguish mudstone and gas-bearing sandstone. For gas bearing sandstone, P-wave impedance decreases obviously and the amplitudes of stack gathers with different pre-stack offset increase as the angle increases, which belongs to the third class AVO;(2)when performing inversion lacking of S-wave data with the Xu-White model, the similarity is high compared inversion of S-wave with the S-wave measured by full-wave logging;(3)from the results of inversion, the S-wave impedance of gas-bearing sandstone does not changed, which can indicate the sandstone, also the velocity ratio and Poisson's ratio show abnormal small value, which can describe the gas-bearing sandstone. Above all, in the practical drilling, a reliable basis can be provided for the selection of wells and reservoir evaluation by pre-stack inversion.
引文
Cai Gang,Yao Jun,Zhang Zhaohui,et al. 2013. Application of wave impedance inversion research of Permian reservoir in the slope area of Chenghai [J]. Natural Gas Geoscience (in Chinese),24(6): 1238-1245.蔡刚,姚军,张兆辉,等. 2013. 波阻抗反演在埕海斜坡区二叠系储层研究中的应用[J]. 天然气地球科学,24(6): 1238-1245.
Chen Yongbo,Pan Jianguo,Gao Jianhu,et al. 2012. The key technology and application research of lithology reservoir-An example from FU 11 well area in eastern Junggar basin [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),27(4): 1598-1608,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.037.陈永波,潘建国,高建虎,等. 2012. 岩性油气藏关键技术攻关与应用研究—以准噶尔盆地准东阜11井区为例.[J] 地球物理学进展,27(4): 1598-1608,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.037.
Connolly P. 1999. Elastic Impedance [J]. The Leading Edge,(4): 438- 452.
Cui Xiaojie,Shi Songqun,Zhu Duanyin,et al. 2015. Integrated application of multiple seismic inversion techniques in reservoir prediction of A well block in the western Sulige Gas field [J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University: Natural Science Edition (in Chinese),30(04): 6-11,17.崔晓杰,史松群,朱端银,等. 2015. 多种地震反演技术在苏里格气田西区A井区储层预测中的综合应用[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),30(04): 6-11,17.
Duan Changjiang,Luo Shunshe,Zhou Biao. 2012. Sedimentary facies in the eighth member of the Middle Permian Lower Shihezi Formation in the Sulige region [J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology (in Chinese),32(1): 55- 61.段长江,罗顺社,周彪. 2012. 苏里格地区中二叠统下石盒子组盒8段沉积相研究[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质,32(1): 55- 61.
Gray D. 2002. Elastic inversion for LaméPARAMETERS [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 72nd Annual Internat SEG Mtg,213-216.
Huang R,Liu Z B. 2013. Application of prestack simultaneous inversion in sandstone oil reservoir prediction [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),28(1): 0380- 0386,doi: 10.6038/pg20130142.黄饶,刘志斌. 2013. 叠前同时反演在砂岩油藏预测中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,28(1): 380-386,doi: 10.6038/pg20130142.
Jia Lingxiao,Wang Yanchun,Jian Xiaofei,et al. 2016. Problems and progress in post-stack seismic inversion [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),31(5): 2018-2115,doi: 10.6038/pg20160530.贾凌霄,王彦春,菅笑飞,等. 2016. 叠后地震反演面临的问题与进展[J]. 地球物理学进展,31(05): 2108-2115,doi: 10.6038/pg20160530.
Ke Q,Yan Q,Pan H W,et al. 2012. Application of prestack inversion in Putaohua Reservoir of Northern Qianan Region [J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology (in Chinese),34(9): 64- 69.柯饮,闫群,潘红卫,等. 2012. 叠前反演技术在乾安北地区葡萄花油层的应用[J]. 石油天然气学报,34(9): 64- 69.
Li Guimei. 2013. Application of pre-stack seismic inversion to predicting hydrocarbon for conglomerate body in Minfeng area [J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency (in Chinese),20(2): 52-54.李桂梅. 2013. 叠前地震反演预测民丰地区沙四段盐下砂砾岩体含油气性[J]. 油气地质与采收率,20(2): 52-54.
Li Guofu,Su Yun,Huang Qian. 2010. Application of elastic wave impedance inversion technique [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs (in Chinese),22(S1): 80-84.李国福,苏云,黄倩. 2010. 弹性波阻抗反演技术的应用[J]. 岩性油气藏,22(S1): 80-84.
Liu B H,Li X Y,Li J H,et al. 2012. Gas-bearing reservoir prediction by elastic impedance inversion [J]. OGP. (in Chinese),47(Supplement 1): 72-77.刘百红,李学云,李建华,等. 2012. 弹性阻抗反演在储层含气性预测中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,47(增刊1): 72-77.
Liu Weihua,Gao Jianhu,Chen Qiyan,et al. 2009. Feasibility analysis of reservoir prediction in Sulige GasField [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs (in Chinese),21(2): 94-98.刘卫华,高建虎,陈启艳. 2009. 苏里格气田某工区储层预测可行性研究[J]. 岩性油气藏,12(2): 94-98.
Sa Liming,Yang Wuyang,Yao Fengchang,et al. 2015. Past,present,and future of geophysical inversion [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),50(1): 184-202.撒利明,杨午阳,姚逢昌,等. 2015. 地震反演技术回顾与展望[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,50(1): 184-202.
Su Hai,Li Hongwei. 2012. Study of AVO attributes for gas-bearing bed in Sulige Gas filed [J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University: Natural Science Edition,27(3): 21-24,28.苏海,李宏伟. 2012. 苏里格气田含气储层地震AVO特征[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),27(03): 21-24,28.
Verwest B,Masters A,Sena A. 2000. Elastic impedance inversion [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 70nd Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1580-1582.
Wang Jun,Zhou Donghong,Zhang Zhongqiao,et al. 2011. Application of pre-stack elastic wave impedance inversion technique in the fluid dection of AHD 29-2 area in Bohai Sea [J]. Geophysical Prospection Petroleum (in Chinese),50(5): 475- 480,486.王军,周东红,张中巧,等. 2011. 叠前弹性波阻抗反演在流体检测中的应用—以渤海海域QHD29-2区块为例[J]. 石油物探,50(5): 475- 480,486.
Wang Junjun,Gui Zhixian,Xie Xiaoqing,et al. Analysis and application of sensitive parameters of reservoir identification in Sulige Gas Field [J]. Fault-block Oil and Gas Field (in Chinese),20(2): 175-177.王俊骏,桂志先,谢晓庆,等. 2013. 苏里格气田储层识别敏感参数分析及应用[J]. 断块油气田,20(2): 175-177.
Wang K Y,Lin Y J,Huang M W,et al. 2016. Gas-bearing prediction of reservoirs based on pre-stack elastic inversion [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),31(5): 2150-2159,doi: 10.6038/pg20160537.王开燕,林雨佳,黄明威,等. 2016. 基于叠前弹性反演的含气储层预测技术[J]. 地球物理学进展,31(5): 2150-2159,doi: 10.6038/pg20160537.
Xu Minghua,Zhu Xinwan,Wang Daming,et al. 2007. Seismic reservoir inversion and prediction technique for the Block Su-5,Sulige Gas Field [J]. Natural Gas Industry (in Chinese),27(12): 33-35.
Yan Lingling,Liu Quanwen,Zhang Lijuan,et al. 2015. Post-stack geo-statistics inversion in the application of the carbonate rocks reservoir prediction: In Xinken area,Halahatang oil field as an example [J]. Earth Science Frontiers (in Chinese),22(6): 177-184.闫玲玲,刘全稳,张丽娟,等. 2015. 叠后地质统计学反演在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用:以哈拉哈塘油田新垦区块为例[J]. 地学前缘,22(06): 177-184.
Yang Hua,Fu Jinhua,Liu Xinshe,et al. 2012. Formation conditions and exploration technology of large-scale tight sandstone gas reservoir in Sulige [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese),33(S1): 27-36.杨华,付金华,刘新社,等. 2012. 苏里格大型致密砂岩气藏形成条件及勘探技术[J]. 石油学报,33(S1): 27-36.
Yang Hua,Liu Xingshe,Meng Peilong. 2011. New development in natural gas exploration of the Sulige gas fields [J]. Natural Gas Industry (in Chinese),31(2): 1-8.杨华,刘新社,孟培龙. 2011. 苏里格地区天然气勘探新进展[J]. 天然气工业,31(02): 1-8.
Yin X Y,Cao D P,Wang B L,et al. 2014. Research progress of fluid discrimination with pre-stack seismic inversion [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),49(1): 22-34,46.印兴耀,曹丹平,王保丽,等. 2014. 基于叠前地震反演的流体识别方法研究进展[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,49(1): 22-34,46.
Yuan S J. 2007. Progress of pre-stack inversion and application in exploration of the lithological reservoirs [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),22(3): 879-886,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.03.033.苑书金. 2007. 叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,22(3): 879-886,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.03.033.
Zhang Chuntao,Wang Shangxu. 2010. Review of joint inversion of PP and PS waves [J]. Science&Technology Review (in Chinese),28(10): 106-110.张春涛,王尚旭. 2010. PP波和PS波联合反演研究进展[J]. 科技导报,28(10): 106-110.
Zhao W J,Li H L,Shi S Q,et al. 2009. Application of prestack inversion and AVO to Sulige Gas Field [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology (in Chinese),30(3): 387-389.赵万金,李海亮,史松群,等. 2009. 叠前反演及AVO技术在苏里格气田的应用[J]. 新疆石油地质,30(03): 387-389.
Chen Yongbo,Pan Jianguo,Gao Jianhu,et al. 2012. The key technology and application research of lithology reservoir-An example from FU 11 well area in eastern Junggar basin [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),27(4): 1598-1608,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.037.陈永波,潘建国,高建虎,等. 2012. 岩性油气藏关键技术攻关与应用研究—以准噶尔盆地准东阜11井区为例.[J] 地球物理学进展,27(4): 1598-1608,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.04.037.
Connolly P. 1999. Elastic Impedance [J]. The Leading Edge,(4): 438- 452.
Cui Xiaojie,Shi Songqun,Zhu Duanyin,et al. 2015. Integrated application of multiple seismic inversion techniques in reservoir prediction of A well block in the western Sulige Gas field [J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University: Natural Science Edition (in Chinese),30(04): 6-11,17.崔晓杰,史松群,朱端银,等. 2015. 多种地震反演技术在苏里格气田西区A井区储层预测中的综合应用[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),30(04): 6-11,17.
Duan Changjiang,Luo Shunshe,Zhou Biao. 2012. Sedimentary facies in the eighth member of the Middle Permian Lower Shihezi Formation in the Sulige region [J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology (in Chinese),32(1): 55- 61.段长江,罗顺社,周彪. 2012. 苏里格地区中二叠统下石盒子组盒8段沉积相研究[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质,32(1): 55- 61.
Gray D. 2002. Elastic inversion for LaméPARAMETERS [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 72nd Annual Internat SEG Mtg,213-216.
Huang R,Liu Z B. 2013. Application of prestack simultaneous inversion in sandstone oil reservoir prediction [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),28(1): 0380- 0386,doi: 10.6038/pg20130142.黄饶,刘志斌. 2013. 叠前同时反演在砂岩油藏预测中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,28(1): 380-386,doi: 10.6038/pg20130142.
Jia Lingxiao,Wang Yanchun,Jian Xiaofei,et al. 2016. Problems and progress in post-stack seismic inversion [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),31(5): 2018-2115,doi: 10.6038/pg20160530.贾凌霄,王彦春,菅笑飞,等. 2016. 叠后地震反演面临的问题与进展[J]. 地球物理学进展,31(05): 2108-2115,doi: 10.6038/pg20160530.
Ke Q,Yan Q,Pan H W,et al. 2012. Application of prestack inversion in Putaohua Reservoir of Northern Qianan Region [J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology (in Chinese),34(9): 64- 69.柯饮,闫群,潘红卫,等. 2012. 叠前反演技术在乾安北地区葡萄花油层的应用[J]. 石油天然气学报,34(9): 64- 69.
Li Guimei. 2013. Application of pre-stack seismic inversion to predicting hydrocarbon for conglomerate body in Minfeng area [J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency (in Chinese),20(2): 52-54.李桂梅. 2013. 叠前地震反演预测民丰地区沙四段盐下砂砾岩体含油气性[J]. 油气地质与采收率,20(2): 52-54.
Li Guofu,Su Yun,Huang Qian. 2010. Application of elastic wave impedance inversion technique [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs (in Chinese),22(S1): 80-84.李国福,苏云,黄倩. 2010. 弹性波阻抗反演技术的应用[J]. 岩性油气藏,22(S1): 80-84.
Liu B H,Li X Y,Li J H,et al. 2012. Gas-bearing reservoir prediction by elastic impedance inversion [J]. OGP. (in Chinese),47(Supplement 1): 72-77.刘百红,李学云,李建华,等. 2012. 弹性阻抗反演在储层含气性预测中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,47(增刊1): 72-77.
Liu Weihua,Gao Jianhu,Chen Qiyan,et al. 2009. Feasibility analysis of reservoir prediction in Sulige GasField [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs (in Chinese),21(2): 94-98.刘卫华,高建虎,陈启艳. 2009. 苏里格气田某工区储层预测可行性研究[J]. 岩性油气藏,12(2): 94-98.
Sa Liming,Yang Wuyang,Yao Fengchang,et al. 2015. Past,present,and future of geophysical inversion [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),50(1): 184-202.撒利明,杨午阳,姚逢昌,等. 2015. 地震反演技术回顾与展望[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,50(1): 184-202.
Su Hai,Li Hongwei. 2012. Study of AVO attributes for gas-bearing bed in Sulige Gas filed [J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University: Natural Science Edition,27(3): 21-24,28.苏海,李宏伟. 2012. 苏里格气田含气储层地震AVO特征[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),27(03): 21-24,28.
Verwest B,Masters A,Sena A. 2000. Elastic impedance inversion [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 70nd Annual Internat SEG Mtg,1580-1582.
Wang Jun,Zhou Donghong,Zhang Zhongqiao,et al. 2011. Application of pre-stack elastic wave impedance inversion technique in the fluid dection of AHD 29-2 area in Bohai Sea [J]. Geophysical Prospection Petroleum (in Chinese),50(5): 475- 480,486.王军,周东红,张中巧,等. 2011. 叠前弹性波阻抗反演在流体检测中的应用—以渤海海域QHD29-2区块为例[J]. 石油物探,50(5): 475- 480,486.
Wang Junjun,Gui Zhixian,Xie Xiaoqing,et al. Analysis and application of sensitive parameters of reservoir identification in Sulige Gas Field [J]. Fault-block Oil and Gas Field (in Chinese),20(2): 175-177.王俊骏,桂志先,谢晓庆,等. 2013. 苏里格气田储层识别敏感参数分析及应用[J]. 断块油气田,20(2): 175-177.
Wang K Y,Lin Y J,Huang M W,et al. 2016. Gas-bearing prediction of reservoirs based on pre-stack elastic inversion [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),31(5): 2150-2159,doi: 10.6038/pg20160537.王开燕,林雨佳,黄明威,等. 2016. 基于叠前弹性反演的含气储层预测技术[J]. 地球物理学进展,31(5): 2150-2159,doi: 10.6038/pg20160537.
Xu Minghua,Zhu Xinwan,Wang Daming,et al. 2007. Seismic reservoir inversion and prediction technique for the Block Su-5,Sulige Gas Field [J]. Natural Gas Industry (in Chinese),27(12): 33-35.
Yan Lingling,Liu Quanwen,Zhang Lijuan,et al. 2015. Post-stack geo-statistics inversion in the application of the carbonate rocks reservoir prediction: In Xinken area,Halahatang oil field as an example [J]. Earth Science Frontiers (in Chinese),22(6): 177-184.闫玲玲,刘全稳,张丽娟,等. 2015. 叠后地质统计学反演在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用:以哈拉哈塘油田新垦区块为例[J]. 地学前缘,22(06): 177-184.
Yang Hua,Fu Jinhua,Liu Xinshe,et al. 2012. Formation conditions and exploration technology of large-scale tight sandstone gas reservoir in Sulige [J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese),33(S1): 27-36.杨华,付金华,刘新社,等. 2012. 苏里格大型致密砂岩气藏形成条件及勘探技术[J]. 石油学报,33(S1): 27-36.
Yang Hua,Liu Xingshe,Meng Peilong. 2011. New development in natural gas exploration of the Sulige gas fields [J]. Natural Gas Industry (in Chinese),31(2): 1-8.杨华,刘新社,孟培龙. 2011. 苏里格地区天然气勘探新进展[J]. 天然气工业,31(02): 1-8.
Yin X Y,Cao D P,Wang B L,et al. 2014. Research progress of fluid discrimination with pre-stack seismic inversion [J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),49(1): 22-34,46.印兴耀,曹丹平,王保丽,等. 2014. 基于叠前地震反演的流体识别方法研究进展[J]. 石油地球物理勘探,49(1): 22-34,46.
Yuan S J. 2007. Progress of pre-stack inversion and application in exploration of the lithological reservoirs [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),22(3): 879-886,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.03.033.苑书金. 2007. 叠前地震反演技术的进展及其在岩性油气藏勘探中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展,22(3): 879-886,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2007.03.033.
Zhang Chuntao,Wang Shangxu. 2010. Review of joint inversion of PP and PS waves [J]. Science&Technology Review (in Chinese),28(10): 106-110.张春涛,王尚旭. 2010. PP波和PS波联合反演研究进展[J]. 科技导报,28(10): 106-110.
Zhao W J,Li H L,Shi S Q,et al. 2009. Application of prestack inversion and AVO to Sulige Gas Field [J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology (in Chinese),30(3): 387-389.赵万金,李海亮,史松群,等. 2009. 叠前反演及AVO技术在苏里格气田的应用[J]. 新疆石油地质,30(03): 387-389.