新疆阿克陶M_S6.7地震引起的新10井水位同震响应研究
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摘要
本文根据新10井数字化高频采样水位仪记录到的2016年11月25日新疆阿克陶MS6.7地震所引起的水震波,对比分析了该井水位与地表垂向运动的相关性特征,并对二者与井-含水层系统水文参数的关系进行了深入探讨.分析结果显示:(1)与地震波信号相似,新疆阿克陶MS6.7地震引起的新10井水震波存在两个显著的周期,即6—10s和15—30s;(2)新10井水震波响应幅度与地表垂向运动幅度整体呈正相关,且在高频阶段(频率大于0.08Hz)二者的振幅比随着频率的减小而增大,表明该井水位对周期大于12s的信号放大效能较高;(3)利用水震波与地震波的振幅比估算新10井观测含水层渗透系数的量级为10-2 cm/s,且在地震波作用过程中含水层的水文参数也存在波动.本研究表明,井水位的同震响应机理较为复杂,在分析水位同震响应特征时,高采样率的水位数据是获得可靠结果与认识的基础.
A hydroseismogram induced by the Akto MS6.7 earthquake in Xinjiang on November 25,2016 was recorded by digital high frequency sampling level gauge.We comparatively analyzed the correlation characteristics between the water level and the vertical ground motion,and the relationship between the above two and the hydrological parameters of well-aquifer system was carried out by a thorough discussion.The results suggested that:(1) similar to the seismic signal,there are two significant periods,6--10 sand 15--30 sin the hydroseismogram of Xin10 well induced by the Akto MS6.7 earthquake.(2)overall,the response amplitude of hydroseismogram in Xin10 well was positively correlated to the amplitude of vertical ground motion,and the amplitude ratio of the two increased with the reduction in frequency at high frequency(greater than 0.08 Hz),which indicated that the water level of Xin10 well could enlarge signals with period more than 12 smore effectively.(3) permeability coefficient of Xin10 well-aquifer system was estimated at about 10-2 cm/s by using the amplitude ratio of the hydroseismogram and seismic waves,and the hydrogeological parameters in aquifer also fluctuated during the process of seismic wave action.The results in this paper also showed that the coseismic response mechanism of well water level is more complicated,and high sampling rate of water level data is the guarantee to obtain reliable results and knowledge in coseismic response of water level analysis.
A hydroseismogram induced by the Akto MS6.7 earthquake in Xinjiang on November 25,2016 was recorded by digital high frequency sampling level gauge.We comparatively analyzed the correlation characteristics between the water level and the vertical ground motion,and the relationship between the above two and the hydrological parameters of well-aquifer system was carried out by a thorough discussion.The results suggested that:(1) similar to the seismic signal,there are two significant periods,6--10 sand 15--30 sin the hydroseismogram of Xin10 well induced by the Akto MS6.7 earthquake.(2)overall,the response amplitude of hydroseismogram in Xin10 well was positively correlated to the amplitude of vertical ground motion,and the amplitude ratio of the two increased with the reduction in frequency at high frequency(greater than 0.08 Hz),which indicated that the water level of Xin10 well could enlarge signals with period more than 12 smore effectively.(3) permeability coefficient of Xin10 well-aquifer system was estimated at about 10-2 cm/s by using the amplitude ratio of the hydroseismogram and seismic waves,and the hydrogeological parameters in aquifer also fluctuated during the process of seismic wave action.The results in this paper also showed that the coseismic response mechanism of well water level is more complicated,and high sampling rate of water level data is the guarantee to obtain reliable results and knowledge in coseismic response of water level analysis.
引文
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Barbour A J.2015.Pore pressure sensitivities to dynamic strains:Observations in active tectonic regions[J].J Geophys Res,120(8):5863-5883.
Blanchard F B,Byerly P.1935.A study of a well gauge as a seismograph[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,25(40):313-321.
Brodsky E E,Roeloffs E A,Woodcock D,Gall I,Manga M.2003.A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,108(B8):2390.doi:10.1029/2002JB002321.
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He A H,Fan X F,Zhao G,Liu Y,Singh R P,Hu Y L.2017.Co-seismic response of water level in the Jingle well(China)associated with the Gorkha Nepal(M W7.8)earthquake[J].Tectonophysics,714/715:82--89.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2016.08.019.
Hsieh P A,Bredehoeft J D,Farr J M.1987.Determination of aquifer transmissivity from earth tide analysis[J].Water Resour Res,23(10):1824--1832.
Liu L B,Roeloffs E,Zheng X Y.1989.Seismically induced water level fluctuations in the Wali well,Beijing,China[J].J Geophys Res,94(B7):9453--9462.doi:10.1029/JB094iB07p09453.
Ma Y C,Huang F Q.2017.Coseismic water level changes induced by two distant earthquakes in multiple wells of the Chinese mainland[J].Tectonophysics,694:57--68.
Manga M,Beresnev I,Brodsky E E,Elkhoury J E,Elsworth D,Ingebritsen S E,Mays D C,Wang C Y.2012.Changes in permeability caused by transient stresses:Field observations,experiments,and mechanisms[J].Rev Geophys,50(2):RG2004.doi:10.1029/2011RG000382.
Manga M,Wang C Y,Shirzaei M.2016.Increased stream discharge after the 3September 2016 M W5.8 Pawnee,Oklahoma earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,43(22):11588--11594.doi:10.1002/2016GL071268.
Mays D C.2010.Contrasting clogging in granular media filters,soils,and dead-end membranes[J].J Environ Eng,136(5):475--480.doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000173.
Montgomery D R,Manga M.2003.Streamflow and water well responses to earthquakes[J].Science,300:2047--2049.doi:10.1126/science.1082980.
Pride S R,Berryman J G,Harris J M.2004.Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow[J].J Geophys Res,109(B1):B01201.doi:10.1029/2003JB002639.
Rexin E E,Oliver J,Prentiss D.1962.Seismically-induced fluctuations of the water level in the Nunn-Bush Well in Milwaukee[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,52(1):17--25.
Shalev E,Kurzon I,Doan M L,Lyakhovsky V.2015.Water-level oscillations caused by volumetric and deviatoric dynamic strains[J].Geophys J Int,204(2):841--851.
Shi Z,Wang G,Manga M,Wang C Y.2015.Continental-scale water-level response to a large earthquake[J].Geofluids,15(1/2):310--320.
Shih D C F,Wu Y M,Chang C H.2013.Significant coherence for groundwater and Rayleigh waves:Evidence in spectral response of groundwater level in Taiwan using 2011Tohoku earthquake,Japan[J].J Hydrol,486:57--70.
Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.1996.Localization of the complex spectrum:The S transform[J].IEEE Trans Signal Process,44(4):998--1001.
Sun X L,Wang G C,Yang X H.2015.Coseismic response of water level in Changping well,China,to the M W9.0Tohoku earthquake[J].J Hydrol,531:1028--1039.
Wang C Y,Wang C H,Manga M.2004.Coseismic release of water from mountains:Evidence from the 1999(M W7.5)Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake[J].Geology,32(9):769--772.doi:10.1130/G20753.1.
Weingarten M,Ge S M.2014.Insights into water level response to seismic waves:A 24year high-fidelity record of global seismicity at Devils Hole[J].Geophys Res Lett,41(1):74--80.
Yan R,Woith H,Wang R J.2014.Groundwater level changes induced by the 2011Tohoku earthquake in China mainland[J].Geophys J Int,199(1):533--548.
Yan R,Wang G C,Shi Z M.2016.Sensitivity of hydraulic properties to dynamic strain within a fault damage zone[J].JHydrol,543:721--728.
Zhang Y,Fu L Y,Huang F Q,Chen X Z.2015.Coseismic water-level changes in a well induced by teleseismic waves from three large earthquakes[J].Tectonophysics,651:232--241.
舒优良,张世民,黄辅琼.2006.印尼8.7级和8.5级两次强震周至深井的震时效应研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,27(2):16-22.Shu Y L,Zhang S M,Huang F Q.2006.A study on earthquake-time effect of Zhouzhi deep borehole on two strong earthquakes:Magnitude 8.7and magnitude 8.5in Indonesia[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,27(2):16-22(in Chinese).
舒优良,张世民,黄辅琼.2014.汶川8.0级地震周至深井水震波的记录特征[J].震灾防御技术,9(增刊):572-580.Shu Y L,Zhang S M,Huang F Q.2014.Characteristics of water level depth vibration of Zhouzhi deep well during Wenchuan M8.0earthquake[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,9(S):572-580(in Chinese).
Barbour A J.2015.Pore pressure sensitivities to dynamic strains:Observations in active tectonic regions[J].J Geophys Res,120(8):5863-5883.
Blanchard F B,Byerly P.1935.A study of a well gauge as a seismograph[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,25(40):313-321.
Brodsky E E,Roeloffs E A,Woodcock D,Gall I,Manga M.2003.A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,108(B8):2390.doi:10.1029/2002JB002321.
Cooper Jr H H,Bredehoeft J D,Papadopulos I S,Bennett R R.1965.The response of well-aquifer systems to seismic waves[J].J Geophys Res,70(16):3915-3926.doi:10.1029/JZ070i016p03915.
Eaton J P,Takasaki K J.1959.Seismological interpretation of earthquake-induced water-level fluctuations in wells[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,49(3):227--245.
Elkhoury J E,Brodsky E E,Agnew D C.2006.Seismic waves increase permeability[J].Nature,441(7097):1135--1138.doi:10.1038/nature04798.
Elkhoury J E,Niemeijer A,Brodsky E E,Marone C.2011.Laboratory observations of permeability enhancement by fluid pressure oscillation of in situ fractured rock[J].J Geophys Res,116(B2):B02311.doi:10.1029/2010JB007759.
He A H,Fan X F,Zhao G,Liu Y,Singh R P,Hu Y L.2017.Co-seismic response of water level in the Jingle well(China)associated with the Gorkha Nepal(M W7.8)earthquake[J].Tectonophysics,714/715:82--89.doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2016.08.019.
Hsieh P A,Bredehoeft J D,Farr J M.1987.Determination of aquifer transmissivity from earth tide analysis[J].Water Resour Res,23(10):1824--1832.
Liu L B,Roeloffs E,Zheng X Y.1989.Seismically induced water level fluctuations in the Wali well,Beijing,China[J].J Geophys Res,94(B7):9453--9462.doi:10.1029/JB094iB07p09453.
Ma Y C,Huang F Q.2017.Coseismic water level changes induced by two distant earthquakes in multiple wells of the Chinese mainland[J].Tectonophysics,694:57--68.
Manga M,Beresnev I,Brodsky E E,Elkhoury J E,Elsworth D,Ingebritsen S E,Mays D C,Wang C Y.2012.Changes in permeability caused by transient stresses:Field observations,experiments,and mechanisms[J].Rev Geophys,50(2):RG2004.doi:10.1029/2011RG000382.
Manga M,Wang C Y,Shirzaei M.2016.Increased stream discharge after the 3September 2016 M W5.8 Pawnee,Oklahoma earthquake[J].Geophys Res Lett,43(22):11588--11594.doi:10.1002/2016GL071268.
Mays D C.2010.Contrasting clogging in granular media filters,soils,and dead-end membranes[J].J Environ Eng,136(5):475--480.doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000173.
Montgomery D R,Manga M.2003.Streamflow and water well responses to earthquakes[J].Science,300:2047--2049.doi:10.1126/science.1082980.
Pride S R,Berryman J G,Harris J M.2004.Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow[J].J Geophys Res,109(B1):B01201.doi:10.1029/2003JB002639.
Rexin E E,Oliver J,Prentiss D.1962.Seismically-induced fluctuations of the water level in the Nunn-Bush Well in Milwaukee[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,52(1):17--25.
Shalev E,Kurzon I,Doan M L,Lyakhovsky V.2015.Water-level oscillations caused by volumetric and deviatoric dynamic strains[J].Geophys J Int,204(2):841--851.
Shi Z,Wang G,Manga M,Wang C Y.2015.Continental-scale water-level response to a large earthquake[J].Geofluids,15(1/2):310--320.
Shih D C F,Wu Y M,Chang C H.2013.Significant coherence for groundwater and Rayleigh waves:Evidence in spectral response of groundwater level in Taiwan using 2011Tohoku earthquake,Japan[J].J Hydrol,486:57--70.
Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.1996.Localization of the complex spectrum:The S transform[J].IEEE Trans Signal Process,44(4):998--1001.
Sun X L,Wang G C,Yang X H.2015.Coseismic response of water level in Changping well,China,to the M W9.0Tohoku earthquake[J].J Hydrol,531:1028--1039.
Wang C Y,Wang C H,Manga M.2004.Coseismic release of water from mountains:Evidence from the 1999(M W7.5)Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake[J].Geology,32(9):769--772.doi:10.1130/G20753.1.
Weingarten M,Ge S M.2014.Insights into water level response to seismic waves:A 24year high-fidelity record of global seismicity at Devils Hole[J].Geophys Res Lett,41(1):74--80.
Yan R,Woith H,Wang R J.2014.Groundwater level changes induced by the 2011Tohoku earthquake in China mainland[J].Geophys J Int,199(1):533--548.
Yan R,Wang G C,Shi Z M.2016.Sensitivity of hydraulic properties to dynamic strain within a fault damage zone[J].JHydrol,543:721--728.
Zhang Y,Fu L Y,Huang F Q,Chen X Z.2015.Coseismic water-level changes in a well induced by teleseismic waves from three large earthquakes[J].Tectonophysics,651:232--241.