凝灰岩型含油层系特征与成因分析——以准噶尔盆地火烧山油田二叠系平地泉组为例
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摘要
新疆准噶尔盆地火烧山油田的中二叠统平地泉组(对应芦草沟组)是一套典型的黑色含油层系,长期被认为是裂谷盆地(或岛弧盆地)中富含生烃母质的深湖相泥岩。通过矿物学、岩石学等方面的综合分析认为:平地泉组的岩石碎屑主要来源于地幔碱性—过碱性的超基性岩浆岩(以碳酸岩为主)和中酸性岩浆岩(以安山岩和流纹岩为主)的喷爆物和溢流物,以出现碱性—过碱性的碱性长石、富铝石英、岩浆方解石、霓石、锂云母、硅钡钛石、蛇纹石等超基性岩浆矿物和以碱性—过碱性的碱性长石、石英等中酸性岩浆矿物为特征。上述喷爆的矿物碎屑与基质在富含地幔流体的滨湖—沼泽—热泉环境中发生热液蚀变,最终形成富含幔源岩浆矿物及热液矿物的凝灰质沉积系列,并参与生烃过程。凝灰物质提供的热及丰富的营养物质促进了滨湖—沼泽—热泉中藻类、微生物等生烃母质勃发,并导致液态烃早生成;凝灰岩类中丰富的原生粒间孔和方沸石溶蚀孔是烃类的主要储集空间。凝灰岩层厚度差异较大,多与正常沉积岩互层或夹于厚层沉积岩中。
The Pingdiquan Formation( also known as Lucaogou Formation) of middle Permian in Huoshaoshan oilfield,Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,is a well-known black oil-bearing series that has been considered as a set of deep,hydrocarbon-rich lacustrine mudstone in a rift basin. Comprehensive mineralogy and petrology analysis indicate that abundant rock fragments are from the explosion of alkaline-peralkaline ultrabasic magmatic rocks( mainly of carbonatite) and intermediate-acid magmatic rocks( mainly rhyolite and andesite). This is characterized by the fragments of bimodal volcanic rocks such as alkaline-peralkaline ultrabasic magmatic rocks( including alkaline feldspar,aluminum-rich quart,magma calcite,aegirine,lithium mica titanium,batisite,serpentine,etc.) and fragments of intermediate-acidic magmatic rocks( including alkaline feldspar,quart). The system of lake-swamp-hot spring is rich in mantle fluids contributing to hydrothermal alternation of above explosive matters and matrix,which was eventually deposited with normal sedimentary rock layers,and formed a set of tuff material-hydrothermal explosive rocks which are rich in mantle-derived fluids. The alternation also leads to hydrocarbon generated in deposited period. Tuff material provided heat and nutrients contributed the algae,microorganisms to promote hydrocarbons generation in lakeshore,marsh,and hydrothermal field. Abundant primary intergranular pores of tuff and analcite dissolution pores are the main reservoir space of hydrocarbons. The thickness of tuff layers varies greatly and they are intebeted in lacustrine sedimentary layers.
The Pingdiquan Formation( also known as Lucaogou Formation) of middle Permian in Huoshaoshan oilfield,Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,is a well-known black oil-bearing series that has been considered as a set of deep,hydrocarbon-rich lacustrine mudstone in a rift basin. Comprehensive mineralogy and petrology analysis indicate that abundant rock fragments are from the explosion of alkaline-peralkaline ultrabasic magmatic rocks( mainly of carbonatite) and intermediate-acid magmatic rocks( mainly rhyolite and andesite). This is characterized by the fragments of bimodal volcanic rocks such as alkaline-peralkaline ultrabasic magmatic rocks( including alkaline feldspar,aluminum-rich quart,magma calcite,aegirine,lithium mica titanium,batisite,serpentine,etc.) and fragments of intermediate-acidic magmatic rocks( including alkaline feldspar,quart). The system of lake-swamp-hot spring is rich in mantle fluids contributing to hydrothermal alternation of above explosive matters and matrix,which was eventually deposited with normal sedimentary rock layers,and formed a set of tuff material-hydrothermal explosive rocks which are rich in mantle-derived fluids. The alternation also leads to hydrocarbon generated in deposited period. Tuff material provided heat and nutrients contributed the algae,microorganisms to promote hydrocarbons generation in lakeshore,marsh,and hydrothermal field. Abundant primary intergranular pores of tuff and analcite dissolution pores are the main reservoir space of hydrocarbons. The thickness of tuff layers varies greatly and they are intebeted in lacustrine sedimentary layers.
引文
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[11]蒋宜勤,柳益群,杨召,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷凝灰岩型致密油特征与成因[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):741-749.[Jiang Yiqin,Liu Yiqun,Yang Zhao,et al.Characteristics and origin of tuff-type tight oil in Jimusar depression,Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):741-749.]
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[16]周中毅,盛国英,闵育顺.凝灰质岩生油岩的有机地球化学初步研究[J].沉积学报,1989,7(3):3-9.[Zhou Zhongyi,Sheng Guoying,Min Yushun.A primary study of tuffaceous source rock by organic geochemistry[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1989,7(3):3-9.]
[17]金强.裂谷盆地生油层中火山岩及其矿物与有机质的相互作用:油气生成的催化和加氢作用研究进展及展望[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(6):542-546.[Jin Qiang.Hydrocarbon generation in rift basins,eastern China:interaction between volcanic minerals and organic matter[J].Advances in Earth Science,1998,13(6):542-546.]
[18]王强,付晓文,徐志明,等.稳定碳同位素在油气地球化学中的应用及存在的问题[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2):233-237.[Wang Qiang,Fu Xiaowen,Xu Zhiming,et al.Development and application of stable carbon iostopes in natural gas and oil geochemistry[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(2):233-237.]
(1)柳益群,李红,周鼎武,等.准东北部平地泉组致密油储层综合评价与潜力分析.中国石油新疆油田分公司准东油田报告,2015.
(2)柳益群,李红,周鼎武,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油储层成因及成岩相研究.中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院研究报告,2014.
(3)柳益群,李红,南云,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油优势储层成因及分布探讨.中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院研究报告,2015.
[2]夏林圻,夏祖春,李向民,等.中国中西部及邻区大陆板内火山作用[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.[Xia Linqi,Xia Zuchun,Li Xiangmin,et al.Continental intraplate volcanism in mid-western China and its neighboring areas[M].Beijing:Sciences Press,2013.]
[3]邱家骧.岩浆岩岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,1985.[Qiu Jiaxiang.Magmatic petrology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1985.]
[4]刘铁庚.岩浆碳酸岩与沉积碳酸盐岩造岩元素的鉴别特征[J].矿物岩石,1988,8(2):50-59.[Liu Tiegeng.Criterion distinguishing magmatic carbonatite and sedimentary carbonate rocks by rockforming elements[J].Minerals and Rocks,1988,8(2):50-59.]
[5]秦朝建,裘愉卓.岩浆(型)碳酸岩研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(4):501-507.[Qin Chaojian,Qiu Yuzhuo.Recent progress in carbonatitie research[J].Advances in Earth Sciences,2001,16(4):501-507.]
[6]叶海敏,张翔.碳酸岩研究新进展[J].资源调查与环境,2015,36(1):21-27.[Ye Haimin,Zhang Xiang.Advances on the carbonatite research in recent years[J].Resources Survey and Environment,2015,36(1):21-27.]
[7]le Bas M J.Carbonatite magmas[J].Mineralogical Magazine,1981,44(334):133-140.
[8]Woolley A R.The spatial and temporal distribution of carbonatites[C]//Bell K.Carbonatites:Genesis and Evolution.London:Unwin Hyman,1989:15-37.
[9]Kresten R.Carbonatite nomenclature[J].Geologische Rundschau,1983,72(1):389-395.
[10]Le Bas M J.Sovite and alvikite:two chemically distinct calciocarbonatites C1 and C2[J].South African Journal of Geology,1999,102(2):109-121.
[11]蒋宜勤,柳益群,杨召,等.准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷凝灰岩型致密油特征与成因[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(6):741-749.[Jiang Yiqin,Liu Yiqun,Yang Zhao,et al.Characteristics and origin of tuff-type tight oil in Jimusar depression,Junggar Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(6):741-749.]
[12]柳益群,周鼎武,焦鑫,等.一类新型沉积岩:地幔热液喷积岩:以中国新疆三塘湖地区为例[J].沉积学报,2013,31(5):773-781.[Liu Yiqun,Zhou Dingwu,Jiao Xin,et al.A new type of sedimentary rocks:mantle originated hydroclastites and hydrothermal exhalites,Santanghu area,Xinjiang,NW China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(5):773-781.]
[13]陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,等.准噶尔盆地烃源岩与原油地球化学特征[J].地质学报,2016,90(1):37-67.[Chen Jianping,Wang Xulong,Deng Chunping,et al.Geochemical features of source rocks and crude oil in the Junggar Basin,Northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(1):37-67.]
[14]Carroll A R,Brassell S C,Graham S A.Upper Permian lacustrine oil shales,southern Junggar Basin,Northwest China[J].AAPGBulletin,1992,76(12):1874-1902.
[15]陈建平,王绪龙,邓春萍,等.准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律:典型类型原油油源对比[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):160-171.[Chen Jianping,Wang Xulong,Deng Chunping,et al.Oil-source correlation of typical crude oils in the southern margin,Junggar Basin,northwestern China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):160-171.]
[16]周中毅,盛国英,闵育顺.凝灰质岩生油岩的有机地球化学初步研究[J].沉积学报,1989,7(3):3-9.[Zhou Zhongyi,Sheng Guoying,Min Yushun.A primary study of tuffaceous source rock by organic geochemistry[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1989,7(3):3-9.]
[17]金强.裂谷盆地生油层中火山岩及其矿物与有机质的相互作用:油气生成的催化和加氢作用研究进展及展望[J].地球科学进展,1998,13(6):542-546.[Jin Qiang.Hydrocarbon generation in rift basins,eastern China:interaction between volcanic minerals and organic matter[J].Advances in Earth Science,1998,13(6):542-546.]
[18]王强,付晓文,徐志明,等.稳定碳同位素在油气地球化学中的应用及存在的问题[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2):233-237.[Wang Qiang,Fu Xiaowen,Xu Zhiming,et al.Development and application of stable carbon iostopes in natural gas and oil geochemistry[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(2):233-237.]
(1)柳益群,李红,周鼎武,等.准东北部平地泉组致密油储层综合评价与潜力分析.中国石油新疆油田分公司准东油田报告,2015.
(2)柳益群,李红,周鼎武,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油储层成因及成岩相研究.中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院研究报告,2014.
(3)柳益群,李红,南云,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油优势储层成因及分布探讨.中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院研究报告,2015.