抽油杆疲劳性能实验分析
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摘要
目的有效地预防和减少因抽油杆断裂导致的油井修井作业,进一步降低油田开发成本。方法采用岛津电液伺服疲劳试验机,对D级和H级抽油杆进行材质成分分析,测试力学性能、空气和腐蚀介质下疲劳强度、拉压载荷对疲劳性能的影响,并进行对比分析。结果 H级抽油杆的力学性能优于D级抽油杆。随着含水量的增加,两种抽油杆的抗疲劳性能均降低,在空气中,H级抽油杆的疲劳性能均优于D级抽油杆。在腐蚀环境中,D级抽油杆的疲劳性能优于H级抽油杆,并且两种抽油杆所受拉压载荷对疲劳均有一定影响。结论含水是影响抽油杆腐蚀疲劳性能的关键因素,H级抽油杆应在低含水区块应用,D级抽油杆在中高含水区块应用。抽油杆中和点以下产生的附加拉应力是导致抽油杆偏磨的直接原因,在中和点以下应优化扶正防磨设计。在中高含水区块,应加大对服役年限较长抽油杆的更换力度,以减少和预防抽油杆断裂事故的发生。
Objective To effectively prevent and reduce the workover of oil wells caused by sucker rod breakage, and further reduce the cost of oil field development. Methods In this paper, Shimadzu electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine was used to analyze the material composition of sucker rods of classes D and H, and the mechanical properties, fatigue strength under air and corrosive media, and the effect of tensile and compressive loads on fatigue performance were tested for comparison and analysis. Results The mechanical performance of Class H rods was better than that of Class D rods. The fatigue resistance of both rods decreased with the increase of water content. In the air, the fatigue performance of Class H rods was Superior to that of Class H sucker rods; in the corrosive environment, Class D sucker rods had better fatigue performance than Class H rods.The tension and compression load of both sucker rods had certain influences on fatigue. Conclusion Water content is a key factor that influences the corrosion fatigue performance of sucker rods. Class H sucker rods should be applied in low-water-bearing blocks. Class D sucker rods should be used in mid-high water-cut blocks. The additional pulling stress produced below the neutral point of sucker rods is a direct cause of eccentric wear of sucker rods. The design of righting and anti-wear should be optimized below the neutral point; in mid-high water cut areas, the replacement of sucker rods with longer service life should be used to reduce and prevent fracture of sucker rods.
Objective To effectively prevent and reduce the workover of oil wells caused by sucker rod breakage, and further reduce the cost of oil field development. Methods In this paper, Shimadzu electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine was used to analyze the material composition of sucker rods of classes D and H, and the mechanical properties, fatigue strength under air and corrosive media, and the effect of tensile and compressive loads on fatigue performance were tested for comparison and analysis. Results The mechanical performance of Class H rods was better than that of Class D rods. The fatigue resistance of both rods decreased with the increase of water content. In the air, the fatigue performance of Class H rods was Superior to that of Class H sucker rods; in the corrosive environment, Class D sucker rods had better fatigue performance than Class H rods.The tension and compression load of both sucker rods had certain influences on fatigue. Conclusion Water content is a key factor that influences the corrosion fatigue performance of sucker rods. Class H sucker rods should be applied in low-water-bearing blocks. Class D sucker rods should be used in mid-high water-cut blocks. The additional pulling stress produced below the neutral point of sucker rods is a direct cause of eccentric wear of sucker rods. The design of righting and anti-wear should be optimized below the neutral point; in mid-high water cut areas, the replacement of sucker rods with longer service life should be used to reduce and prevent fracture of sucker rods.
引文
[1]黄伟,韩二涛,张岩.超高强度抽油杆许用应力的计算[J].西安石油大学学报, 2015, 30(4).
[2]张岩.一种超高强度抽油杆强度校核方法技术研究[J].化工管理, 2014, 21(7):119-120.
[3]张岩,韩二涛,常崇武,王新宇.一种“奥金格”许用应力计算方法技术研究[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2014, 23(12):58-59.
[4]王成文.抽油杆疲劳可靠性分析[D].大庆:东北石油大学, 2011.
[5]郝丽丽.抽油杆失效分析及剩余寿命的研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院, 2008.
[6]张连山.国外新结构和高强度抽油杆的技术发展[J].国外石油机械, 1998, 6(3):24-29.
[7]文志雄,易晓蓉. SY/T 6272—1997《超高强度抽油杆》标准验证研究[J].石油机械, 2005, 33(6):5-7.
[8]陈国明,东升方,方华灿.超高强度抽油杆的可靠性增长试验[J].石油大学(自然科版), 1993, 17(3):58-64.
[9]GB/T228—2002,中华人民共和国国家标准-金属材料室温拉伸试验方法[S].
[10]刘茂.确定抽油杆许用应力的古德曼应力图法剖析[J].石油矿场机械, 1986, 15(2):7-9.
[11]吕瑞典,许明.修正的古德曼应力图及许用安全系数[J].石油学报, 2001, 22(6):86-90.
[12]SY/T6272—1997,中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准-超高强度抽油杆[S].
[13]高建明,程晓敏,余新泉,等.材料力学性能[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社, 2003.
[14]黄东升,赵学胜,宋孟裕.超高强度抽油杆的疲劳筛选试验[J].石油机械, 1993, 21(10):22-27.
[15]李其.抽油杆表面裂纹及剩余寿命的可靠性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学, 2006.
[16]王国丽,魏嘉荃,钟伯明,等.抽油杆材料疲劳裂纹扩展规律的概率研究[J].大庆石油学院学报, 1993, 17(1):78-82.
[17]李晓秋.抽油杆可靠性及其剩余寿命研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院, 2007.
[18]姚红星,柳春图.抽油杆裂纹扩展的实验研究和剩余疲劳寿命的预测[J].机械强度, 2007, 29(5):865-869.
[19]胡雨人.抽油杆疲劳断裂研究—寿命预估[J].石油学报, 1989, 10(1):122-130
[20]林元华,张德平,骆发前,等.抽油杆疲劳寿命计算研究[J].石油钻采工艺, 2005, 27(6):66-69.
[21]李其,魏嘉荃,钟伯明,等.抽油杆剩余寿命的研究[J].大庆石油学院学报, 1994, 18(4):53-56.
[22]孟宪红,苏芳.抽油杆剩余寿命与初始表面裂纹形状关系研究[J].石油矿场机械, 2007, 36(10):8-10.
[23]张红.抽油机井检泵周期与杆柱寿命的可靠性预测方法[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学, 2012.
[24]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].东营:中国石油大学(华东)出版社, 2000:143-146.
[25]李年.D级抽油杆表面允许裂纹深度的估算[J].石油机械, 1995, 23(11):25-28.
[26]胡雨人.随机疲劳的寿命预估初探[J].航空学报, 1988,9(s1):32-35.
[2]张岩.一种超高强度抽油杆强度校核方法技术研究[J].化工管理, 2014, 21(7):119-120.
[3]张岩,韩二涛,常崇武,王新宇.一种“奥金格”许用应力计算方法技术研究[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2014, 23(12):58-59.
[4]王成文.抽油杆疲劳可靠性分析[D].大庆:东北石油大学, 2011.
[5]郝丽丽.抽油杆失效分析及剩余寿命的研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院, 2008.
[6]张连山.国外新结构和高强度抽油杆的技术发展[J].国外石油机械, 1998, 6(3):24-29.
[7]文志雄,易晓蓉. SY/T 6272—1997《超高强度抽油杆》标准验证研究[J].石油机械, 2005, 33(6):5-7.
[8]陈国明,东升方,方华灿.超高强度抽油杆的可靠性增长试验[J].石油大学(自然科版), 1993, 17(3):58-64.
[9]GB/T228—2002,中华人民共和国国家标准-金属材料室温拉伸试验方法[S].
[10]刘茂.确定抽油杆许用应力的古德曼应力图法剖析[J].石油矿场机械, 1986, 15(2):7-9.
[11]吕瑞典,许明.修正的古德曼应力图及许用安全系数[J].石油学报, 2001, 22(6):86-90.
[12]SY/T6272—1997,中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准-超高强度抽油杆[S].
[13]高建明,程晓敏,余新泉,等.材料力学性能[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社, 2003.
[14]黄东升,赵学胜,宋孟裕.超高强度抽油杆的疲劳筛选试验[J].石油机械, 1993, 21(10):22-27.
[15]李其.抽油杆表面裂纹及剩余寿命的可靠性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学, 2006.
[16]王国丽,魏嘉荃,钟伯明,等.抽油杆材料疲劳裂纹扩展规律的概率研究[J].大庆石油学院学报, 1993, 17(1):78-82.
[17]李晓秋.抽油杆可靠性及其剩余寿命研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院, 2007.
[18]姚红星,柳春图.抽油杆裂纹扩展的实验研究和剩余疲劳寿命的预测[J].机械强度, 2007, 29(5):865-869.
[19]胡雨人.抽油杆疲劳断裂研究—寿命预估[J].石油学报, 1989, 10(1):122-130
[20]林元华,张德平,骆发前,等.抽油杆疲劳寿命计算研究[J].石油钻采工艺, 2005, 27(6):66-69.
[21]李其,魏嘉荃,钟伯明,等.抽油杆剩余寿命的研究[J].大庆石油学院学报, 1994, 18(4):53-56.
[22]孟宪红,苏芳.抽油杆剩余寿命与初始表面裂纹形状关系研究[J].石油矿场机械, 2007, 36(10):8-10.
[23]张红.抽油机井检泵周期与杆柱寿命的可靠性预测方法[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学, 2012.
[24]张琪.采油工程原理与设计[M].东营:中国石油大学(华东)出版社, 2000:143-146.
[25]李年.D级抽油杆表面允许裂纹深度的估算[J].石油机械, 1995, 23(11):25-28.
[26]胡雨人.随机疲劳的寿命预估初探[J].航空学报, 1988,9(s1):32-35.