珠江口盆地白云凹陷及其周缘CO_2分布与控制因素分析与启示
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摘要
南海北部各盆地普遍存在含CO_2气藏。莺歌海盆地CO_2主要受泥底辟带热流体上侵作用的控制,异常高CO_2仅在泥底辟带发现。然而珠江口盆地白云凹陷的泥底辟带与CO_2的关系暂不明确。通过收集分析珠江口盆地的60组(含/高含)CO_2气藏的气体组分和气体同位素地球化学数据,其R/Ra比值(样品的3 He/4 He与空气的3 He/4 He比值)均>2,CO_2成因主要为火山幔源型,不同于以壳源型为主的莺歌海盆地。位于白云凹陷中央泥底辟带的B1井,其CO_2碳同位素δ13 C值约-10.9‰~-10.5‰,根据自生片钠铝石的出现认为曾有CO_2大量聚集,而且CO_2分压高,推测为有机、无机成因混合气,不同于非泥底辟带的幔源无机成因。通过不同构造位置上的3口典型单井的对比分析及其与莺歌海盆地,以及泥底辟带和非泥底辟带的对比研究,认为凹陷周缘凸起上的断裂带和凹陷内的泥底辟带是高含CO_2气藏的主要分布区,认为白云凹陷泥底辟构造对于CO_2分布具有一定的控制作用。
CO_2 gas reservoirs are widespread in the northern marginal basin of South China Sea.The generation of the CO_2 in the Yinggehai basin is mainly controlled by the upward invasion of thermal fluids by mud diaper,where the CO_2 content is unusually high.60 data about gas compositions and gas isotopes from CO_2 gas reservoirs in Pearl River Mouth basin was collected so as to understand the relationship between mud diapir in the Baiyun sag and CO_2 gas.Because the R/Ra ratio is more than 2,the genesis of CO_2 is confirmed as mantle sourced volcanic type,different from CO_2 in Yinggehai basin.Carbon isotope 13 C of CO_2 in the B1 well which is related to mud diapir is in the range of 10.9‰~10.5‰.The appearance of dawsonite indicates that there was a large amount accumulation of CO_2 with high partial pressure CO_2 and the CO_2 is the mixture of organic and inorganic,different from inorganic genesis(mantle source)in the non-mud diapir zone.On the basis of analysis of 3 typical wells in different tectonic positions,compared with Yinggehai basin and combined with comparative study of mud diapir zone and non-mud diapir zone,it is proposed that fault zones on the uplift around the sag and mud diapir zones in the center of Baiyun sag is the main enrichment area of CO_2 gas.Mud diapirs play an important roll in controlling the distribution of CO_2.
CO_2 gas reservoirs are widespread in the northern marginal basin of South China Sea.The generation of the CO_2 in the Yinggehai basin is mainly controlled by the upward invasion of thermal fluids by mud diaper,where the CO_2 content is unusually high.60 data about gas compositions and gas isotopes from CO_2 gas reservoirs in Pearl River Mouth basin was collected so as to understand the relationship between mud diapir in the Baiyun sag and CO_2 gas.Because the R/Ra ratio is more than 2,the genesis of CO_2 is confirmed as mantle sourced volcanic type,different from CO_2 in Yinggehai basin.Carbon isotope 13 C of CO_2 in the B1 well which is related to mud diapir is in the range of 10.9‰~10.5‰.The appearance of dawsonite indicates that there was a large amount accumulation of CO_2 with high partial pressure CO_2 and the CO_2 is the mixture of organic and inorganic,different from inorganic genesis(mantle source)in the non-mud diapir zone.On the basis of analysis of 3 typical wells in different tectonic positions,compared with Yinggehai basin and combined with comparative study of mud diapir zone and non-mud diapir zone,it is proposed that fault zones on the uplift around the sag and mud diapir zones in the center of Baiyun sag is the main enrichment area of CO_2 gas.Mud diapirs play an important roll in controlling the distribution of CO_2.
引文
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[26]朱俊章,施和生,何敏,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区LW3-1-1井天然气地球化学特征及成因探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(2):229-233.
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[29]王存武,陈红汉,施和生,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起天然气成因研究[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):6-8.
[30]陈红汉,米立军,刘妍鷨,等.珠江口盆地深水区CO2成因、分布规律与风险带预测[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):119-134.
[31]高玉巧,刘立,曲希玉.片钠铝石的成因及其对CO2天然气运聚的指示意义[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(10):1 083-1 088.
[32]高玉巧,刘立.含片钠铝石砂岩的基本特征及地质意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(1):104-111.
[33]曲希玉,刘立,高玉巧,等.砂岩中片钠铝石的特征及其稳定性研究[J].地质论评,2008,54(6):837-844.
[34]杜韫华.一种次生的片钠铝石[J].地质科学,1982,(4):434-437.
[35]徐衍彬,陈平.海拉尔盆地碳钠铝石分布与油气的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,1994,(4):322-327.
[36]于淼,刘立,杨思玉,等.CO2-盐水-砂岩相互作用实验研究[J].矿物学报,2015(s1).
[37]王力娟,刘立,杨会东,等.松辽盆地南部红岗阶地和华字井阶地含片钠铝石砂岩中的黏土矿物特征[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(6):2 392-2 401.
[38]桂丽黎,刘立,于志超,等.高岭石与片钠铝石成因联系的岩石学证据:以松辽盆地南部含片钠铝石砂岩为例[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(15):111-117.
[2]Song Y,Dai C S,Wang D R.Geochemistry and accumulation of carbon dioxide gases in China[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(10):1 615-1 626.
[3]Wycherley H,Heeta A,Shawb H.Some observations on the origins of large volumes of carbon dioxide accumulations in sedimentary basins[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1999,16:489-494
[4]刘宝明,夏斌,李绪宣,等.中国东部及南海西部陆缘CO2气藏形成机理[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2004,23(3):207-212.
[5]廖凤蓉,吴小奇,黄士鹏.中国东部CO2气地球化学特征及其气藏分布[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):939-948.
[6]赖万忠.中国南海北部二氧化碳气成因[J].中国海上油气,1994,(5):319-327.
[7]何家雄,祝有海,黄霞,等.南海北部边缘盆地不同类型非生物成因CO2成因成藏机制及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(6):935-942.
[8]熊斌辉.莺歌海盆地泥拱带天然气中CO2的分布及勘探开发建议[J].中国海上油气,1995,(6):367-373.
[9]何家雄,陈刚.莺歌海盆地CO2气的成因及其主气源[J].中国海上油气,1998,(3):164-167.
[10]王振峰,何家雄,裴秋波.莺-琼盆地和珠江口盆地西部CO2成因及运聚分布特征[J].中国海上油气,2003,17(5):293-297.
[11]何家雄,夏斌,刘宝明,等.莺歌海盆地泥底辟热流体上侵活动与天然气及CO2运聚规律剖析[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(4):349-358.
[12]张敏强,钟志洪,夏斌,等.莺歌海盆地泥-流体底辟构造成因机制与天然气运聚[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(2):118-125.
[13]何家雄,徐瑞松,刘全稳,等.莺歌海盆地泥底辟发育演化与天然气及CO2运聚成藏规律[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(1):91-98.
[14]张伟.南海北部主要盆地泥底辟/泥火山发育演化与油气及天然气水合物成矿成藏[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所),2016.
[15]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):209-213.
[16]石万忠,宋志峰,王晓龙,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷底辟构造类型及其成因[J].地球科学,2009,34(5):778-784.
[17]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世—中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):234-242.
[18]李云.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中新统珠江组深水沉积学[D].成都:成都理工大学,2012.
[19]张功成,杨海长,陈莹,等.白云凹陷——珠江口盆地深水区一个巨大的富生气凹陷[J].天然气工业,2014,34(11):11-25.
[20]孙金山,代一丁,姚振河,等.珠江口盆地南部深水区CO2对天然气成藏影响的探讨[A].中国科协年会—南海深水油气勘探开发技术研讨会论文集[C],2015,16.
[21]金晓辉,林青,傅宁,等.南海北部二氧化碳对天然气水合物形成与分布的影响[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(6):634-639.
[22]向凤典.珠江口盆地(东部)的CO2气藏及其对油气聚集的影响[J].中国海上油气,1994(3):155-162.
[23]何家雄,夏斌,刘宝明,等.中国东部陆上和海域CO2成因及运聚规律与控制因素分析[J].中国地质,2005,32(4):663-673.
[24]何家雄.中国东部及近海陆架盆地CO2成因及运聚规律与有利成藏富集区预测[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所),2007.
[25]何家雄,刘全稳.南海北部大陆架边缘盆地CO2成因和运聚规律的分析与预测[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(1):12-19.
[26]朱俊章,施和生,何敏,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区LW3-1-1井天然气地球化学特征及成因探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(2):229-233.
[27]戴金星.中国煤成大气田及气源[M].科学出版社,北京,2014.
[28]崔洁,何家雄,周永章,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷天然气成因及油气资源潜力分析[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(1):125-130.
[29]王存武,陈红汉,施和生,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起天然气成因研究[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):6-8.
[30]陈红汉,米立军,刘妍鷨,等.珠江口盆地深水区CO2成因、分布规律与风险带预测[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):119-134.
[31]高玉巧,刘立,曲希玉.片钠铝石的成因及其对CO2天然气运聚的指示意义[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(10):1 083-1 088.
[32]高玉巧,刘立.含片钠铝石砂岩的基本特征及地质意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(1):104-111.
[33]曲希玉,刘立,高玉巧,等.砂岩中片钠铝石的特征及其稳定性研究[J].地质论评,2008,54(6):837-844.
[34]杜韫华.一种次生的片钠铝石[J].地质科学,1982,(4):434-437.
[35]徐衍彬,陈平.海拉尔盆地碳钠铝石分布与油气的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,1994,(4):322-327.
[36]于淼,刘立,杨思玉,等.CO2-盐水-砂岩相互作用实验研究[J].矿物学报,2015(s1).
[37]王力娟,刘立,杨会东,等.松辽盆地南部红岗阶地和华字井阶地含片钠铝石砂岩中的黏土矿物特征[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(6):2 392-2 401.
[38]桂丽黎,刘立,于志超,等.高岭石与片钠铝石成因联系的岩石学证据:以松辽盆地南部含片钠铝石砂岩为例[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(15):111-117.