含钾盐添加剂的火药燃烧产物导电特性研究
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摘要
为提高火药燃烧产物的导电特性,基于气体热电离理论,在火药中添加电离电位较低的碳酸钾碱金属化合物以提高其电离度。通过对火药燃烧反应的化学物理过程进行分析,结合内弹道理论和等离子体理论建立火药燃气的热电离模型,数值计算了火药燃烧过程的压力、燃气温度等热力学变化过程。应用Saha方程和交错法,分析了火药力、燃烧室容积和钾盐含量变化对燃烧产物电子密度和电导率的影响规律,并采用光谱测量法试验测试了无钾盐添加剂和加入钾盐后火药燃烧产物的发射光谱强度。研究结果表明:添加电离种子碳酸钾后能够使火药燃气具有较高的导电性;火药力和药室容积的增加可以相应地提高燃气电导率。
In order to improve the electrical properties of propellant combustion products,the alkali metal compound K2 CO3 with low ionization potential is added to improve the degree of ionization based on the theory of thermal ionization of gases. Through the analysis of physical and chemical processes of combustion reaction of propellant,a thermoelectric model of propellant gas is established by means of the interior ballistic theory and plasma theory. The thermodynamic processes of combustion pressure and combustion temperature are simulated,and the feasibility of the proposed model is verified by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data. Saha equation and staggered method are used to analyze the effects of propellant force,combustion chamber volume and potassium content on the electron density and conductivity of combustion products. The emission spectrum intensities of combustion products without or with potassium salt are measured using spectrometry. The results show that K2 CO3 can make the propellant gas have higher conductivity,the increase in propellant force and chamber volume can improve the conductivity of combustion gas.
In order to improve the electrical properties of propellant combustion products,the alkali metal compound K2 CO3 with low ionization potential is added to improve the degree of ionization based on the theory of thermal ionization of gases. Through the analysis of physical and chemical processes of combustion reaction of propellant,a thermoelectric model of propellant gas is established by means of the interior ballistic theory and plasma theory. The thermodynamic processes of combustion pressure and combustion temperature are simulated,and the feasibility of the proposed model is verified by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data. Saha equation and staggered method are used to analyze the effects of propellant force,combustion chamber volume and potassium content on the electron density and conductivity of combustion products. The emission spectrum intensities of combustion products without or with potassium salt are measured using spectrometry. The results show that K2 CO3 can make the propellant gas have higher conductivity,the increase in propellant force and chamber volume can improve the conductivity of combustion gas.
引文
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[2]Richard J R,Charles H K.Plasmas in MHD power generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,1991,19(6):1-15.
[3]周霖,廖英强,徐更光.爆轰产物导电性的实验测量[J].含能材料,2005,13(3):148-153.ZHOU Lin,LIAO Ying-qiang,XU Geng-guang.Experimental measurement of electrical conductivity of detonation products[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2005,13(3):148-153.(in Chinese)
[4]赵倩,聂建新,王秋实,等.含铝炸药水下爆炸及其对舰船毁伤的数值模拟[J].兵工学报,2017,38(2):298-304.ZHAO Qian,NIE Jian-xin,WANG Qiu-shi,et al.Numerical simulation on underwater explosion of aluminized explosives and its damage to ship[J].Acta Armamentarii,2017,38(2):298-304.(in Chinese)
[5]李希南,严陆光.爆炸磁流体发电机研究进展及其关键问题[J].华北电力技术,2005,5(1):13-17.LI Xi-nan,YAN Lu-guang.Progress of explosively-driven MHD generator and its key problems[J].North China Electric Power,2005,5(1):13-17.(in Chinese)
[6]贲驰,何勇,潘绪超,等.爆炸式电磁感应脉冲发生器[J].爆炸与冲击,2016,36(1):44-49.BEN Chi,HE Yong,PAN Xu-chao,et al.Explosion-driven electromagnetic induction pulse generator[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2016,36(1):44-49.(in Chinese)
[7]张亚舟,李贞晓,田慧,等.基于反向开关晶体管的脉冲电源在电磁发射中的应用[J].兵工学报,2017,38(4):659-663.ZHANG Ya-zhou,LI Zhen-xiao,TIAN Hui,et al.Application of pulse power supply with RSD switch in electromagnetic launch[J].Acta Armamentarii,2017,38(4):659-663.(in Chinese)
[8]李宏哲.火药能转化为大功率电磁能理论与关键技术研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2008.LI Hong-zhe.Research on the key technologies of propellant power conversion to high power electromagnetic energy[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2008.(in Chinese)
[9]谢中元,周霖.燃烧型脉冲磁流体发电机实验研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2011,31(2):183-186.XIE Zhong-yuan,ZHOU Lin.Experimental study on propellant driven magnetohydrodynamic generator[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2011,31(2):183-186.(in Chinese)
[10]居滋象,吕友昌,荆伯弘.开环磁流体放电[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1998:16-19.JU Zi-xiang,LYU You-chang,JING Bo-hong.Open loop magnetic fluid discharge[M].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology Press,1998:16-19.(in Chinese)
[11]罗乔,张小兵.基于FLUENT软件和内弹道模型双向耦合的超高射频火炮发射过程模拟[J].兵工学报,2016,37(10):1950-1955.LUO Qiao,ZHANG Xiao-bing.Simulation for launch process of ultrahigh firing rate guns based on two-way coupling of fluent and interior ballistic model[J].Acta Armamentarii,2016,37(10):1950-1955.(in Chinese)
[12]Wu L L,Ma Z B,Weng G F,et al.Diagnosis of high-pressure microwave-induced hydrogen plasma using atomic emission spectroscopy[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2010,22(9):2027-2031.
[13]Cowling T G.Magnetohydrodynamics[M].New York,NY,US:Interscience Publisher,1957.
[14]Spitzer L.Physics of fully ionized gasses[M].New York,NY,US:Interscience Publisher,1956.
[15]周前红,董志伟.弱电离大气等离子体电子能量分布函数的理论研究[J].物理学报,2013,62(1):238-244.ZHOU Qian-hong,DONG Zhi-wei.Theoretical study on the electron energy distribution function of weakly ionized air plasma[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(1):238-244.(in Chinese)
[16]蒋淑园,季晓松,王浩,等.大口径长药室平衡炮发射装药多点点火特性[J].含能材料,2015,23(5):477-483.JIANG Shu-yuan,JI Xiao-song,WANG Hao,et al.Multi-point ignition characteristics in large caliber balance gun propellant with long-chamber charge[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2015,23(5):477-483.(in Chinese)
[17]Li J J,Yuan Q H,Chang X W,et al.Deposition of organosilicone thin film from HMDSO with 50KHz/33MHz dual-frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jet[J].Plasma Science and Technology,2017,19(4):92-98.
[18]谢承利,陆继东,李勇,等.用LIBS方法测量铝合金中的合金元素[J].华中科技大学学报,2008,36(10):114-117.XIE Cheng-li,LU Ji-dong,LI Yong,et al.Quantitative aluminum alloys analysis using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2008,36(10):114-117.(in Chinese)
[19]Charles H C,William R B.Experimental transition probabilities for spectral lines of seventy elements[M].NY,US:National Bureau of Standards Monograph,1962:167-168.