南岭及邻区中生代含锡花岗岩的多样性:显著的矿物特征差异
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摘要
南岭及邻区分布一系列与中生代花岗岩有关的锡矿床,这些岩石可以是含角闪石黑云母花岗岩,或是(黄玉)钠长石-(铁)锂云母花岗岩,其岩石化学特征指示它们分别对应于准铝质和过铝质花岗岩.细致的矿物学研究表明它们具有完全不同的矿物学特征.准铝质含锡花岗岩的矿物学特征表现为:(1)角闪石、黑云母、条纹长石等组成特征性的造岩矿物组合:(2)标志性副矿物榍石、磁铁矿等显示其原始岩浆具有较高的氧逸度;(3)含锡矿物为锡石、黑云母、榍石等;(4)锡石的成分比较纯,微量元素含量低.过铝质含锡花岗岩的矿物学特征主要表现为:(1)铁锂云母-锂云母、钾长石、钠长石为典型造岩矿物;(2)富铝矿物黄玉是较常见的副矿物,与花岗岩铝过饱和特征相符;(3)锡石是重要的锡矿物,且富含Nb、Ta.造成两类含锡花岗岩显著矿物学差异的原因可能包括熔体的氧逸度、挥发组分和岩浆分异程度的差异.氧化型准铝质花岗岩熔体中锡以四价为主,这导致锡容易富集在含钛的造岩矿物或副矿物中,在岩浆结晶分异阶段形成富锡矿物;这些富锡矿物可成为含锡花岗岩的标志性矿物.相对还原的过铝质花岗岩熔体中锡以二价为主,不易进入造岩矿物和副矿物,常常在岩浆结晶分异阶段形成岩浆成因的锡石;因此,岩浆成因锡石成为这类花岗岩的重要成矿和找矿标志.岩浆性质和锡在两类花岗岩岩浆中地球化学行为的差异,导致形成的矿床类型有所不同.准铝质花岗岩主要形成岩体浸染型、绿泥石-石英脉型、云英岩型、矽卡岩型等矿床,而过铝质花岗岩除形成云英岩型、矽卡岩型、石英脉型等矿床外,更易形成岩体浸染型锡矿化.
引文
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黄革非,龚述清,蒋希伟,谭双喜,黎传标,刘东红.2003.湘南骑田岭锡矿成矿规律探讨.地质通报,22:445-451
蒋少涌,赵葵东,姜耀辉,戴宝章.2008.十杭带湘南-桂北段中生代A型花岗岩带成岩成矿特征及成因讨论.高校地质学报,14:496—509
李晓峰,冯佐海,肖荣,宋慈安,杨峰,王翠云,康志强,毛伟.2012.桂东北钨锡稀有金属矿床的成矿类型、成矿时代及其地质背景.地质学报,86:1713-1725
雷泽恒,王晓甫,乔玉生,许以明,刘友勋.2009.湘南宜章界牌岭锡多金属矿床地质特征及成因浅析.华南地质与矿产,25:43-50
龙宝林,张生辉,蔺志永,董庆吉.2013.南岭地区重要找矿发现及“十二五”总体部署.高校地质学报,19:189-201
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钟江临,李楚平.2006.湘南香花岭矽卡岩型锡矿床地质特征及控矿因素分析.矿产与地质,20:147-151
朱金初,陈骏,王汝成,陆建军,谢磊.2008.南岭中西段燕山早期北东向含锡钨A型花岗岩带.高校地质学报,14:474-484
朱金初,王汝成,张佩华,谢才富,张文兰,赵葵东,谢磊,杨策,车旭东,于阿朋,王禄彬.2009.南岭中段骑田岭花岗岩基的锆石U-Pb年代学格架.中国科学D辑:地球科学,39:1112-1127
朱金初,王汝成,陆建军,张辉,张文兰,谢磊,章荣清.2011.湘南癞子岭花岗岩体分异演化和成岩成矿.高校地质学报,17:381-392
朱金初,张佩华,谢才富,张辉,杨策.2006.南岭西段花山-姑婆山侵入岩带锆石U-Pb年龄格架及其地质意义.岩石学报,22:2270-2278
Bhalla P,Holtz F,Linnen R L,Behrens H.2005.Solubility of cassiterite in evolved granitic melts:Effect of T,fO_2,and additional volatiles.Lithos,80:387-400
Blevin P L.2004.Redox and compositional parameters for interpreting the granitoid metallogeny of Eastern Australia:Implications for goldrich ore systems.Resour Geol,54:241-252
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Cerny P,Blevin P L,Cuney M,London D.2005.Granite-related ore deposits.Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume,Society of Economic Geologists.337-370
Cerny P,Meintzer R E,Anderson A J.1985.Extreme fractionation in rare-element granitic pegmatites:Selected examples of data and mechanisms.Can Mineral,23:381-421
Che X D,Wu F Y,Wang R C,Gerdes A,Ji W Q,Zhao Z H,Yang J H,Zhu Z Y.2015.In situ U-Pb isotopic dating of columbite-tantalite by LA-ICP-MS.Ore Geol Rev,65:979-989
Debon F,Le Fort P.1983.A chemical-mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations.Trans R Soc Edinb-Earth Sci,73:135-149
Farges F,Linnen R L,Brown G E.2006.Redox and speciation of tin in hydrous silicate glasses:A comparison with Nb,Ta,Mo and W.Can Mineral,44:795-810
Feng Z H,Kang Z Q,Yang F,Liao J F,Wang C Z.2013.Geochronology of the Limu W-Sn-Nb-Ta-bearing granite pluton in South China.Resour Geol,63:320-329
Huang F F,Wang R C,Xie L,Zhu J C,Erdmann S,Che X D,Zhang R Q.2015.Differentiated rare-element mineralization in an ongonite-topazite composite dike at the Xianghualingtin district,SouthernChina:An electron-microprobe study on the evolution from niobium-tantalum-oxides to cassiterite.Ore Geol Rev,65:761-778
Huang X L,Wang R C,Chen X M,Hu H,Liu C S.2002.Vertical variations in the mineralogy of the Yichun topaz lepidolite granite,Jiangxi Province,Southern China.Can Mineral,40:1047-1068
Lehmann B.1987.Tin granites,geochemical heritage,magmatic differentiation.Geol Rundsch,76:177-185
Lehmann B,Dietrich A,Wallianos A.2000.From rocks to ore.Int J Earth Sci,89:284-294
Li J,Huang X L,He P L,Li W X,Yu Y,Chen L L.2015.In situ analyses of micas in the Yashan granite,South China:Constraints on magmatic and hydrothermal evolutions of W and Ta-Nb bearing granites.Ore Geol Rev,65:793-810
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