揿针与浅刺法理论及治疗脾胃系疾病概况
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摘要
承淡安发明了揿针,浅刺体表可调节卫气,护卫肌表、抵御外邪等;起效迅速,疗效持久;操作简单,不影响活动。揿针刺法属浅刺法范畴,浅刺法起源于《黄帝内经》,较完整详细论述浅刺法理论、手法及应用范围,包括"浮刺""半刺""扬刺""直刺""毛刺"等5种浅刺手法,为浅刺法发展奠定基础。魏晋时期形成系统化理论体系,元明时期逐渐发展成熟。浅刺法中医理论基础系十二皮部与卫气及辨证论治,将揿针刺入皮下留针,长时间保留,产生微弱持续时间较长刺激。揿针直接刺激神经末梢,引起交感神经反射,传导到中枢,释放神经递质、相应激素、神经肽类物质,对免疫系统产生作用。揿针主要有麦粒型、图钉型两种类型。揿针可长时间留于皮下,持续刺激,强化疗效;治疗脾胃系疾病久泻、便秘、呕吐、呃逆等应用越来越广泛,均取得显著疗效。研究处于初始阶段,缺乏大样本研究,已逐步从临床观察向作用机制方向发展。
CHENG Dan'an invented thepress-needle, shallow needling can adjust the body surface to defend Qi, protect muscle and surface, resist external evil, etc. It has quick effect, lasting curative effect, simple operation, and does not affect activities. Acupuncture belongs to the category of shallow needling. Shallow needling originated from Huangdi Neijing. The theory, techniques and application scope of shallow needling method are discussed in detail, including five kinds of shallow needling techniques such as "floating needle", "half needle", "raising needle", "straight needle" and "burr", which laid a foundation for the development of shallow needling method. A systematic theoretical system was formed in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,and gradually developed and matured in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The theoretical basis of shallow needling in TCM is twelve skin parts, Weiqi and syndrome differentiation and treatment. Acupuncture directly stimulates nerve endings, causes sympathetic reflex, transmits to the central nervous system, releases neurotransmitters, hormones and neuropeptide substances, and exerts effects on the immune system. There are two main types of pins: wheat grain type and map pin type. Acupuncture can stay subcutaneously for a long time, stimulate continuously and strengthen the curative effect. It has been widely used to treat chronic diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, hiccup and other diseases of the spleen and stomach system, and has achieved remarkable curative effect. The research is in the initial stage, lacking of large sample research, and has gradually developed from clinical observation to mechanism of action
CHENG Dan'an invented thepress-needle, shallow needling can adjust the body surface to defend Qi, protect muscle and surface, resist external evil, etc. It has quick effect, lasting curative effect, simple operation, and does not affect activities. Acupuncture belongs to the category of shallow needling. Shallow needling originated from Huangdi Neijing. The theory, techniques and application scope of shallow needling method are discussed in detail, including five kinds of shallow needling techniques such as "floating needle", "half needle", "raising needle", "straight needle" and "burr", which laid a foundation for the development of shallow needling method. A systematic theoretical system was formed in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,and gradually developed and matured in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The theoretical basis of shallow needling in TCM is twelve skin parts, Weiqi and syndrome differentiation and treatment. Acupuncture directly stimulates nerve endings, causes sympathetic reflex, transmits to the central nervous system, releases neurotransmitters, hormones and neuropeptide substances, and exerts effects on the immune system. There are two main types of pins: wheat grain type and map pin type. Acupuncture can stay subcutaneously for a long time, stimulate continuously and strengthen the curative effect. It has been widely used to treat chronic diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, hiccup and other diseases of the spleen and stomach system, and has achieved remarkable curative effect. The research is in the initial stage, lacking of large sample research, and has gradually developed from clinical observation to mechanism of action
引文
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[17]肖德堂.揿针单穴治疗慢性顽固性腹泻68例[J].中国针灸,1994(S1):299-300.
[18]赵书刚.皮内针联合中药灌肠治疗溃疡性直肠炎脾虚湿热证的临床疗效及对IL-4、IL-23的影响[J].河北中医,2017,39(6):848-850.
[19]李立红,张海峰,陈晟.揿针对改善帕金森病患者便秘症状的作用[J].医学研究生学报,2017,30(7):762-766.
[20]白娜.腹结穴埋皮内针防治中风患者便秘的护理[J].辽宁中医杂志,2007,34(12):1801-1802.
[21]王德伟.“便秘点”埋针为主治疗便秘35例[J].中国针灸,2001,21(7):408.
[22]张怡芝,温庆贵,薛秀娟,等.耳穴埋针治疗功能性便秘50例[J].河北中医药学报,2000,15(2):41.
[23]马新蓉.合谷穴与内关穴揿针治疗直肠癌术后化疗相关性恶心、呕吐的临床观察[J].全科护理,2017,15(13):1599-1600.
[24]Kotani N,Hashimoto H,Sato Y,et al.Preoperative intradermal acupuncture reduces postoperative pain,nausea and vomiting,analgesic requirement,and sympathoadrenal responses[J].Anesthesio logy,2001,95(2):349-356.
[25]张咏梅,计芬琴,孙黎.耳穴埋针预防乳腺癌化疗引起的恶心、呕吐反应40例疗效观察[J].中国中医药科技,2013,20(2):134.
[26]王宏.耳针疗法辨证治疗呃逆[J].中国医药导报,2009,6(6):59-60.
[27]朱光涛,张跃东,于绍宏.耳针治疗呃逆[J].大家健康(学术版),2014,8(22):34.
[28]梁秀莉.膈俞穴埋皮内针防治中风患者呃逆的护理[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2008,10(5):132-133.
[2]黄帝内经灵枢[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012.
[3]皇甫谧.针灸甲乙经[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.
[4]杨继洲.针灸大成[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,1997.
[5]夏有兵.承淡安研究[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2011:5-9.
[6]曹洪欣.中医基础理论[M].6版.北京:中国中医药出版社,2011.
[7]黄帝内经素问[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012.
[8]董勤.针灸学[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,2016:12.
[9]李灿东.中医诊断学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2012:8.
[10]徐凤.针灸大全[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1958:62-63.
[11]Bowe W,Patel N B,Logan A C.Acne vulgaris,probiotics and the gutbrain-skin axis:From anecdote to translational medicine.Benef Microbes,2014,5(2):185-199.
[12]鞠大宏,杨介宾,宋开源.针刺镇痛的神经内分泌免疫调节环路的实验研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,1998,4(2):30-35.
[13]贾红玲,张永臣.针刺镇痛的中医理论与西医神经内分泌免疫网络调节[J].针灸临床杂志,2006,22(9):6-7.
[14]方剑乔,王富春.刺法灸法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:6.
[15]周仲瑛.中医内科学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2009.
[16]董瑞.针灸治疗慢性泄泻36例[J].甘肃中医学院学报,2006,23(4):35-36.
[17]肖德堂.揿针单穴治疗慢性顽固性腹泻68例[J].中国针灸,1994(S1):299-300.
[18]赵书刚.皮内针联合中药灌肠治疗溃疡性直肠炎脾虚湿热证的临床疗效及对IL-4、IL-23的影响[J].河北中医,2017,39(6):848-850.
[19]李立红,张海峰,陈晟.揿针对改善帕金森病患者便秘症状的作用[J].医学研究生学报,2017,30(7):762-766.
[20]白娜.腹结穴埋皮内针防治中风患者便秘的护理[J].辽宁中医杂志,2007,34(12):1801-1802.
[21]王德伟.“便秘点”埋针为主治疗便秘35例[J].中国针灸,2001,21(7):408.
[22]张怡芝,温庆贵,薛秀娟,等.耳穴埋针治疗功能性便秘50例[J].河北中医药学报,2000,15(2):41.
[23]马新蓉.合谷穴与内关穴揿针治疗直肠癌术后化疗相关性恶心、呕吐的临床观察[J].全科护理,2017,15(13):1599-1600.
[24]Kotani N,Hashimoto H,Sato Y,et al.Preoperative intradermal acupuncture reduces postoperative pain,nausea and vomiting,analgesic requirement,and sympathoadrenal responses[J].Anesthesio logy,2001,95(2):349-356.
[25]张咏梅,计芬琴,孙黎.耳穴埋针预防乳腺癌化疗引起的恶心、呕吐反应40例疗效观察[J].中国中医药科技,2013,20(2):134.
[26]王宏.耳针疗法辨证治疗呃逆[J].中国医药导报,2009,6(6):59-60.
[27]朱光涛,张跃东,于绍宏.耳针治疗呃逆[J].大家健康(学术版),2014,8(22):34.
[28]梁秀莉.膈俞穴埋皮内针防治中风患者呃逆的护理[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2008,10(5):132-133.