杨-油菜农林复合模式内油菜单位面积产量及品质的研究
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摘要
以长江流域滩地2011、2013、2015年造林的杨树林为研究对象,林下种植油菜,于油菜抽薹期观测林内小气候因子,成熟期测定油菜单位面积产量及品质指标,以期分析不同林龄下油菜单位面积产量的差异及小气候因子对油菜的影响。结果表明:2015年所栽杨树林内空气温度、土壤温度与含水量、光合有效辐射均高于2011、2013年; 2011、2013、2015年所栽杨树林内油菜每平方米产量分别为81. 5～222. 0、101. 0～264. 0、127. 5～399. 0 g,油菜籽脂肪含量分别为28.4%、30.6%、35.7%,其中2015年造林的复合模式内油菜单位面积产量差异率、平均产量及脂肪含量均最高。相关分析表明,平均产量、脂肪及芥酸含量均与小气候因子相关性较高。
The poplar forests afforested in 2011,2013 and 2015 in the Yangtze River valley were taken as the researched objects. Rape was cultivated under these poplar forests. The microclimatic factors in poplar-rape system at rapeseed bolting stage were observed,and the yield per unit area and quality indexes of rape at maturity stage were measured,in order to analyze the difference in rape yield per unit area under different aged poplar forests,and to understand the effects of microclimatic factors on rape. The results showed that the air temperature,soil temperature,soil moisture content,and photosynthetic active radiation in the poplar forest afforested in 2015 were all higher than those in the poplar forests afforested in 2011 and 2013. Under the poplar forests afforested in 2011,2013 and 2015,the rapeseed yield per square meter was 81.5 ～ 222,101 ～ 264 and 127.5 ～ 399 g,respectively,and the fat content in rapeseed was 28. 4%,30. 6% and 35. 7%,respectively. Under the poplar forest afforested in2015,the per-unit-area yield difference rate,average yield and fat content of rapeseed all were the highest. The correlation analysis revealed that the average yield,fat content and erucic acid content of rapeseed were highly correlated with the microclimatic factors.
The poplar forests afforested in 2011,2013 and 2015 in the Yangtze River valley were taken as the researched objects. Rape was cultivated under these poplar forests. The microclimatic factors in poplar-rape system at rapeseed bolting stage were observed,and the yield per unit area and quality indexes of rape at maturity stage were measured,in order to analyze the difference in rape yield per unit area under different aged poplar forests,and to understand the effects of microclimatic factors on rape. The results showed that the air temperature,soil temperature,soil moisture content,and photosynthetic active radiation in the poplar forest afforested in 2015 were all higher than those in the poplar forests afforested in 2011 and 2013. Under the poplar forests afforested in 2011,2013 and 2015,the rapeseed yield per square meter was 81.5 ～ 222,101 ～ 264 and 127.5 ～ 399 g,respectively,and the fat content in rapeseed was 28. 4%,30. 6% and 35. 7%,respectively. Under the poplar forest afforested in2015,the per-unit-area yield difference rate,average yield and fat content of rapeseed all were the highest. The correlation analysis revealed that the average yield,fat content and erucic acid content of rapeseed were highly correlated with the microclimatic factors.
引文
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[3]Reyes T,Quiroz R,Luukkanen O,et al. Spice crops agroforestry systems in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania:growth analysis[J]. Agroforestry Systems,2009,76(3):513-523.
[4]刘兴宇,曾德慧.农林复合系统种间关系研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(9):1464-1470.
[5]李峥,牛丽华,袁凤辉,等.辽西农林复合系统中杨树冠层导度特征[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):2975-2982.
[6]范兴海,黄寿波.我国农林系统小气候研究概述[J].林业科学研究,2000,13(2):197-202.
[7]林长存,王德利,曹勇宏,等.农林交错带界面的小气候边界影响域季节动态[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(11):1932-1936.
[8]张劲松,孟平,宋兆民,等.我国平原农区复合农林业小气候效应研究概述[J].中国农业气象,2004,25(3):52-55,62.
[9]俞涛.枣农间作系统小气候效应的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2009.
[10] Gurmel S,Arora Y K,Pratap N,et al. Agro-forestry research[M]. Dehar Dun(India),1990:212-225.
[11]裴保华,袁玉欣,贾玉彬,等.杨农间作光能利用的研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(3):13-18.
[12]张辉,朱德进,黄卉,等.不同施肥处理对油菜产量及品质的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(6):966-971.
[13]邬贤梦,官春云,李栒.油菜脂肪酸品质改良的研究进展[J].作物研究,2003,17(3):152-158.
[14] Rathke G W,Behrensb T,Diepenbrock W. Integrated nitrogen management strategies to improve seed yield oil content and nitrogen efficiency of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.):a review[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2006(117):80-118.
[15]Diepenbronck W. Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.):a review[J]. Field Crops Research,2000,67(1):35-49.
[16]张垚,李云昌,梅德圣,等.油菜油脂研究进展[J].植物学通报,2007,24(4):435-443.
[17]庄瑞林.中国油茶[M].第2版.北京:中国林业出版社,2008:310-336.
[18]赵忠宝.徐淮平原农林复合系统小气候效益研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2006.