不同品种双季晚稻产量结构对干旱胁迫的响应
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摘要
干旱是湖南双季晚稻分蘖-幼穗分化期主要农业气象灾害,对晚稻生长和产量形成产生不利影响。本研究以常规晚稻和超级晚稻在分蘖-幼穗分化期进行干旱胁迫试验,于2014—2016年连续3年开展15、20、25、30d 4个干旱处理水平试验,探讨了干旱强度与不同品种双季晚稻产量结构的关系,从而确定双季晚稻干旱指标。试验研究结果表明,相同干旱胁迫处理下,土壤相对湿度是影响双季晚稻产量结构的关键因素,常规晚稻和超级晚稻产量结构对干旱胁迫的响应存在差异性。自晚稻分蘖普遍期开始干旱处理,对常规晚稻理论产量、有效穗数和结实粒数产生不利影响的土壤相对湿度阈值分别为92.5%、87.2%和98.6%;对超级晚稻理论产量、有效穗数和结实粒数产生不利影响的土壤相对湿度阈值分别为96.8%、97.1%和89.3%。根据晚稻产量结构对干旱持续时间和土壤湿度的响应,构建了常规晚稻和超级晚稻的分蘖-幼穗分化期干旱等级指标,可为双季晚稻的干旱监测和抗旱救灾提供理论依据和实践指导。
Drought is the main agricultural meteorological disaster in tillering-ear primordial stage of double-cropping late rice in Hunan province,and has adverse effects on the growth and yield formation of late rice.This test researches on conventional late rice and super late rice under condition of simulating drought stress during tillering-ear primordial stage,the duration of drought treatment is set 15,20,25 and 30 d respectively from 2014 to 2016.The relationship between drought intensity and yield structure of double-cropping late rice is discussed,in order to determine the drought index of different varieties of double-cropping late rice.The results show that under the same drought stress,relative soil moisture is the key factor that influences the yield components of the double-cropping late rice.The response of different varieties of conventional late rice and super late rice to drought stress are different.Drought stress begin in tillering period,when theoretical yield,effective panicle number and solid grain number of conventional late rice are affected,threshold values of relative soil moisture are 92.5%,87.2% and 98.6% respectively,when theoretical yield,effective panicle number and solid grain number of super late rice are affected,threshold values of relative soil moisture are 96.8%,97.1% and 89.3% respectively.According to yield components response to drought duration and soil moisture,the conventional late rice and the super late rice drought grade index in tillering-ear primordial stage are carried on.The test results provide an important theoretical basis and practical guide for drought monitoring,drought-resistant and relievable of double-cropping late rice.
Drought is the main agricultural meteorological disaster in tillering-ear primordial stage of double-cropping late rice in Hunan province,and has adverse effects on the growth and yield formation of late rice.This test researches on conventional late rice and super late rice under condition of simulating drought stress during tillering-ear primordial stage,the duration of drought treatment is set 15,20,25 and 30 d respectively from 2014 to 2016.The relationship between drought intensity and yield structure of double-cropping late rice is discussed,in order to determine the drought index of different varieties of double-cropping late rice.The results show that under the same drought stress,relative soil moisture is the key factor that influences the yield components of the double-cropping late rice.The response of different varieties of conventional late rice and super late rice to drought stress are different.Drought stress begin in tillering period,when theoretical yield,effective panicle number and solid grain number of conventional late rice are affected,threshold values of relative soil moisture are 92.5%,87.2% and 98.6% respectively,when theoretical yield,effective panicle number and solid grain number of super late rice are affected,threshold values of relative soil moisture are 96.8%,97.1% and 89.3% respectively.According to yield components response to drought duration and soil moisture,the conventional late rice and the super late rice drought grade index in tillering-ear primordial stage are carried on.The test results provide an important theoretical basis and practical guide for drought monitoring,drought-resistant and relievable of double-cropping late rice.
引文
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[10]汤广民,蒋尚明.水稻的干旱指标与干旱预报[J].水利水电技术,2011,42(8):54-58.
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[17]王成瑷,王伯伦,张文香,等.干旱胁迫时期对水稻产量及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(2):160-166.
[18]黎国喜,唐湘如,程艳波,等.水稻产量和构件对持续干旱胁迫的补偿效应初探[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2008,47(3):94-99.
[19]周广生,徐才国,靳德明,等.分蘖期节水处理对水稻生物学特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,39(9):1767-1773.
[20]邵玺文,阮长春,赵兰坡,等.分蘖期水分胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2005,27(1):6-10.
[21]蔡昆争,吴学祝,骆世明.不同生育时期土壤干旱后复水对水稻生长发育的补偿效应[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(5):34-36.
[22]邵玺文,张瑞珍,齐春艳,等.拔节孕穗期水分胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2004,26(3):237-241.
[23]段素梅,杨安中,黄义德,等.干旱胁迫对水稻生长、生理特性和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(6):1124-1132.
[24]钱银飞,关贤交,邵彩虹,等.不同生育期干旱胁迫对双季稻产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(6):6-9,14.
[25]朱旭东.水稻与陆稻的耐旱性及产量潜力的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006:25-45.
[26]段骅,唐琪,剧成欣,等.抽穗灌浆早期高温与干旱对不同水稻品种产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(22):4561-4573.
[27]中国气象局.GB/T 20481-2006 气象干旱等级[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[28]中国气象局.GB/T 32136-2015 农业干旱等级[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[2]张剑明,廖玉芳,彭嘉栋,等.湖南气象干旱日数的时空变化特征[J].中国农业气象,2013,34(6):621-628.
[3]李懿珈,叶涛,王尧,等.湖南省水稻气象灾害多致灾因子时空特征研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,53(1):99-104,2.
[4]赵宏伟,王新鹏,于美芳,等.分蘖期干旱胁迫及复水对水稻抗氧化系统及脯氨酸影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(2):1-7.
[5]江学海,李刚华,王绍华,等.不同生育阶段干旱胁迫对杂交稻产量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2015,38(2):173-181.
[6]周广生,靳德明,梅方竹.水稻孕穗期干旱对籽粒性状的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2003,22(3):219-222.
[7]段骅,唐琪,剧成欣,等.抽穗灌浆早期高温与干旱对不同水稻品种产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(22):4561-4573.
[8]丁雷,李英瑞,李勇,等.梯度干旱胁迫对水稻叶片光合和水分状况的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(1):65-70.
[9]杨建昌,王维,王志琴,等.水稻旱秧大田期需水特性与节水灌溉指标研究[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(2):34-42.
[10]汤广民,蒋尚明.水稻的干旱指标与干旱预报[J].水利水电技术,2011,42(8):54-58.
[11]叶秀梅.土壤缺水率法评估水稻干旱减产情况的分析研究[J].江淮水利科技,2014,9(2):29-30.
[12]廖玉芳,李超,彭嘉栋,等.湖南水稻干旱评估方法研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(9):16-24.
[13]陆魁东,帅细强,刘福来,等.湖南气候与作物气象[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2015:58-59.
[14]国家气象局.农业气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社,1993.
[15]蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系[J].华南农业大学学报,2003,24(3):1-4.
[16]王成瑷,王伯伦,张文香,等.不同生育时期干旱胁迫对水稻产量与碾米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(6):643-649.
[17]王成瑷,王伯伦,张文香,等.干旱胁迫时期对水稻产量及产量性状的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(2):160-166.
[18]黎国喜,唐湘如,程艳波,等.水稻产量和构件对持续干旱胁迫的补偿效应初探[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2008,47(3):94-99.
[19]周广生,徐才国,靳德明,等.分蘖期节水处理对水稻生物学特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,39(9):1767-1773.
[20]邵玺文,阮长春,赵兰坡,等.分蘖期水分胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2005,27(1):6-10.
[21]蔡昆争,吴学祝,骆世明.不同生育时期土壤干旱后复水对水稻生长发育的补偿效应[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(5):34-36.
[22]邵玺文,张瑞珍,齐春艳,等.拔节孕穗期水分胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2004,26(3):237-241.
[23]段素梅,杨安中,黄义德,等.干旱胁迫对水稻生长、生理特性和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(6):1124-1132.
[24]钱银飞,关贤交,邵彩虹,等.不同生育期干旱胁迫对双季稻产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(6):6-9,14.
[25]朱旭东.水稻与陆稻的耐旱性及产量潜力的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006:25-45.
[26]段骅,唐琪,剧成欣,等.抽穗灌浆早期高温与干旱对不同水稻品种产量和品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(22):4561-4573.
[27]中国气象局.GB/T 20481-2006 气象干旱等级[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[28]中国气象局.GB/T 32136-2015 农业干旱等级[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.