民机客舱危险状况下乘员应急撤离预测研究
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摘要
飞机应急撤离通常处于危险状况。为了预测危险状况下乘员应急撤离的竞争行为,基于元胞自动机和多智能体理论建立民机客舱应急撤离仿真模型,并在模型中引入竞争机制,将乘员属性转化为竞争成功的概率,同时引入竞争因子反映撤离过程中的乘员对峙状态。通过对民机客舱进行应急撤离建模并仿真,仿真结果显示在竞争机制下,乘员应急撤离时间显著增加。模型反映了实际应急撤离过程中由于乘员恐慌产生竞争的行为特点,并预测得出危险状况下民机客舱乘员整体撤离速度变慢导致撤离效率降低的结果。
Aircraft emergency evacuation is usually under dangerous situation. To predict the competitive behavior of occupant emergency evacuation in civil aircraft under dangerous situations,the model is established in civil aircraft cabin for occupant evacuation based on cellular automata and multi-agent theory. Through introducing competition mechanism in the model and transferring occupants' property into competitive success probability,the model can reflect that the occupants reach a state of confrontation in the process of evacuation while added competitive factor. Occupant emergency evacuation is simulated in aircraft cabin. Simulation results show that in a competitive mechanism,occupant emergency evacuation time increase significantly. The model reflects behavior characteristics in the actual process of emergency evacuation,and predicts that evacuation efficiency decreases with the overall velocity getting slower in aircraft cabin under dangerous conditions.
Aircraft emergency evacuation is usually under dangerous situation. To predict the competitive behavior of occupant emergency evacuation in civil aircraft under dangerous situations,the model is established in civil aircraft cabin for occupant evacuation based on cellular automata and multi-agent theory. Through introducing competition mechanism in the model and transferring occupants' property into competitive success probability,the model can reflect that the occupants reach a state of confrontation in the process of evacuation while added competitive factor. Occupant emergency evacuation is simulated in aircraft cabin. Simulation results show that in a competitive mechanism,occupant emergency evacuation time increase significantly. The model reflects behavior characteristics in the actual process of emergency evacuation,and predicts that evacuation efficiency decreases with the overall velocity getting slower in aircraft cabin under dangerous conditions.
引文
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[2]Garner J D.GPSS Computer Simulation of Aircraft Passenger Emergency Evacuations[R].DOT/FAA/AM-78-23,US De partment of Transport,Federal Aviation Administration,1978.
[3]Gourary Associates.Demonstration Manual for Microcomputer Model[R].User Documentation for Gourary Associates Evac uation Mode Version 6.1,1990.
[4]Galea,E.R.,A general Approach to Validating Evacuation Models with an Application to EXODUS[J].Journal of Fire Sciences.1998,16(6):414-436.
[5]Galea E R,Blake S J,Lawrence P J.Report on the testing and systematic evaluation of the airEXODUS aircraft evacua tion model[R].CAA Paper 2004/05,2005.
[6]Robbins C R,McKee S.Simulating the evacuation of a com mercial airliner[J].Aeronautical Journal,2001,105(1048):323-328.
[7]Xue Z,Bloebaum C.A Particle Swarm Optimization Based Aircraft Evacuation Simulation Model-VacateAir[C]//Aiaa Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.2008.96
[8]Sharad S,Stephen O,Han J X.Crowd simulation in emer gency aircraft evacuation using virtual reality[C].The 16th International Conference on Computer Games,2011:2-16.
[9]DU Hongbing.Study on the simulation model for occupant e mergency evacuation in aircraft[J].China Safety Science Jour nal,2010,20(7):14-20.
[10]SONG Weiguo,YU Yanfei,FAN Weicheng,et al.A Mod el of Human Evacuation Cellular Automata Considering Fric tion and Repulsion[J].Science in China(Series E)(中国科学E辑工程科学).2005,35(7):725-736.
[11]邹田春,潘庭,杜月娟,等.基于多智能体和元胞自动机民机应急撤离仿真[J].计算机仿真,2015,32(9):56-60..
[12]Muir H,Cobbett A.Aircraft Evacuation Tests-An Initial Assessment of the Influence of Various Aisle Configurations and Lighting Conditions Under Different Evacuation Scenarios[R].Transportation Development Center,Montreal,Canada,1996.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!