农业组织与有害生物风险管理研究综述
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摘要
随着全球气候变暖、农药滥用、外来有害生物入侵等因素,我国农业病虫害逐年呈快速增长之势。而以广大农户家庭、合作组织、农业企业为单元的社会灾害管理系统是生物灾害管理体系中重要的组成部分,但却存在着规模分散、管理混乱等问题。有害生物是公共品,具有外部性的特征,而我国分散化的管理组织形式,不利于对有害生物的统一治理。现阶段我国关于农业组织化对有害生物防控影响的文献较少,为此,通过分别梳理农业组织风险管理和有害生物风险管理的研究进展,探讨不同农业组织风险管理、有害生物风险管理、有害生物造成的经济损失以及有害生物综合治理的方法与模式。在未来的研究中,应进一步加强不同农业组织对有害生物防控效果、有害生物造成经济损失的影响因素、不同农业组织对有害生物"统防统治"参与行为的研究,通过农业组织化防控治理体系的改革,提升有害生物的防控效率,以更好的为政府相关部门决策提供必要的参考依据。
With global warming,pesticide abuse,exotic pest invasions,and other factors,China' s agricultural pests and diseases are increasing rapidly every year. The social disaster management system is composed of many farmers,cooperative organizations,and agricultural enterprises,which is fundamental for biological disaster management systems. However,there are some problems are necessary to overcome, such as small scales, scale decentralization, and ineffective management. Harmful organisms are public goods with externality characteristics,and the decentralized management of China is not conducive to their unified prevention and control. Presently,there are limited studies about the impact of agricultural organization on pest prevention and control. Based on the complexity of pest management in China,this review discusses methods and models of risk management of different agricultural organizations(governance structures),pest risk assesment and management by summarizing the research progress of agricultural organization risk management,and pest risk management. In future research,we should determine the effect of different agricultural governance structures on harmful organism control,factors affecting economic loss caused by harmful organisms,and participation of different agricultural organizations in the "unified prevention and control"of harmful organisms. Through the reform of agricultural organizational controls and their systems,the prevention and control efficiency of harmful organisms would be enhanced to provide a necessary reference for relevant government departments to make more effective decisions.
With global warming,pesticide abuse,exotic pest invasions,and other factors,China' s agricultural pests and diseases are increasing rapidly every year. The social disaster management system is composed of many farmers,cooperative organizations,and agricultural enterprises,which is fundamental for biological disaster management systems. However,there are some problems are necessary to overcome, such as small scales, scale decentralization, and ineffective management. Harmful organisms are public goods with externality characteristics,and the decentralized management of China is not conducive to their unified prevention and control. Presently,there are limited studies about the impact of agricultural organization on pest prevention and control. Based on the complexity of pest management in China,this review discusses methods and models of risk management of different agricultural organizations(governance structures),pest risk assesment and management by summarizing the research progress of agricultural organization risk management,and pest risk management. In future research,we should determine the effect of different agricultural governance structures on harmful organism control,factors affecting economic loss caused by harmful organisms,and participation of different agricultural organizations in the "unified prevention and control"of harmful organisms. Through the reform of agricultural organizational controls and their systems,the prevention and control efficiency of harmful organisms would be enhanced to provide a necessary reference for relevant government departments to make more effective decisions.
引文
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