大牛地低渗气田气井携液气量低的原因分析
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摘要
气井积液对气井产能有影响。预测气井临界携液气流量的理论有Turner模型(系数6.5)、Coleman模型(系数5.5)、杨川东模型(系数大于6.5)、椭球模型(系数2.5)和球帽模型(系数2.25)等,各模型计算结果相差较大。我国渗透性较好的川南气田对前三个模型应用较多,但渗透性较差的大牛地、苏里格、靖边、涩北、川西等气田,则对椭球模型和球帽模型应用较多。对高、低渗气田临界携液气量存在差异的原因目前缺乏合理的解释,导致对气井携液及积液规律认识不准确。以大牛地气田为例,从井筒流型、流压梯度分布分析了低渗气田气井临界携液气流量分布范围,并与现有的连续携液模型进行比较,说明低渗气田临界携液气量的特点。同时从井筒积液对地层气相渗流率、气井产能及生产数据曲线波动特征的影响揭示了低渗气田连续携液临界气量低的原因。有助于提高对低渗气藏气井的携液规律的认识,对优化低渗气田气井的工作制度和提高气井生产管理水平有重要的参考意义。
Liquid loading affects gas well production. Theories for prediction of minimum flow rate for the continuous removal of liquids from gas wells include Turner model(coefficient is 6.5), Coleman model(coefficient is 5.5),Yang model(coefficient is bigger than 6.5), Li model(ellipsoidal)(coefficient is 2.5),Wang(ball cap) model(coefficient is 2.25) and etc. Various entrained droplet models have been developed to calculate minimum flow rate for keeping gas wells unloaded. The predicted minimum gas rate by these models differs greatly from each other. However, the former three models are used more than the latter two models in high production gas wells in Chuannan high permeability gas field. The latter two models are used more than the former three at low production gas wells in Daniudi, Sulige, Jinbian, Sebei, Chuanxi, which are low permeability gas fields. In the study, multiphase flow pattern and flowing pressure gradient distribution in tubing were analyzed to study the range of the minimum flow rate and compared it with the predicted values by these models. The effect of liquid loading on the gas permeability, gas production and gas production curve was analyzed to reveal the reason of low minimum flow rate in low permeability gas field. The study can help understand the regularity of liquid loading of gas well in low permeability reservoir, and is benefit for optimizing production and management for gas well in low permeability gas field.
Liquid loading affects gas well production. Theories for prediction of minimum flow rate for the continuous removal of liquids from gas wells include Turner model(coefficient is 6.5), Coleman model(coefficient is 5.5),Yang model(coefficient is bigger than 6.5), Li model(ellipsoidal)(coefficient is 2.5),Wang(ball cap) model(coefficient is 2.25) and etc. Various entrained droplet models have been developed to calculate minimum flow rate for keeping gas wells unloaded. The predicted minimum gas rate by these models differs greatly from each other. However, the former three models are used more than the latter two models in high production gas wells in Chuannan high permeability gas field. The latter two models are used more than the former three at low production gas wells in Daniudi, Sulige, Jinbian, Sebei, Chuanxi, which are low permeability gas fields. In the study, multiphase flow pattern and flowing pressure gradient distribution in tubing were analyzed to study the range of the minimum flow rate and compared it with the predicted values by these models. The effect of liquid loading on the gas permeability, gas production and gas production curve was analyzed to reveal the reason of low minimum flow rate in low permeability gas field. The study can help understand the regularity of liquid loading of gas well in low permeability reservoir, and is benefit for optimizing production and management for gas well in low permeability gas field.
引文
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[2]Coleman S B,Clay H B,Mc Curdy D G,et al.A New Look at Predicting Gas-Well Load-Up[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1991,43(3):329-333.
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[6]何顺利,栾国华,杨志,等.一种预测低压气井积液的新模型[J].油气井测试,2010,19(5):9-13.He Shunli,Luan Guohua,Yang Zhi,et al.A New Model for Predicting Liquid Loading in Low Energy Wells[J].Well Testing,2010,19(5):9-13.
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[9]张耀刚,李治,于淑珍.靖边气田产水气井连续携液模型的优化与应用[J].石油化工应用,2009,28(8):78-80.Zhang Yaogang,Li Zhi,Yu Shuzhen.Optimization and Application of Water Production Gaswells Continuous Liquids Carrying Model[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2009,28(8):78-80.
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[11]刘志森.塔河凝析气井井筒积液判断标准[J].断块油气田,2009,16(3):68-70.Liu Zhisen.Diagnosing Criteria of Wellbore Liquid Loading in Condensate Gas Well of Tahe Oilfield[J].Fault Block Oil and Gas Field,2009,16(3):68-70.
[12]李文魁,周广厚,毕国强,等.涩北气田排水采气优选模式[J].天然气工业,2009,29(9):60-63.Li Wenkui,Zhou Guanghou,Bi Guoqiang.The Optimal Method Selection for Dewatering Production at Sebei Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(9):60-63.
[13]徐卫峰,徐嘉.大牛地气田气井临界携液模型及应用[J].科技创新导报,2010,(11):114-115.Xu Weifeng,Xu Jia.Model and Application of Liquid Carrying of Gas Producer in Daniudi Gas Field[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2010,(11):114-115.
[14]曹光强,李文魁,严弦,等.气井临界流量计算模型的优选[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(1):53-56.Cao Guangqiang,Li Wenkui,Yan Xian.Study on the Gas Well Critical Rate Model Optimize[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(1):53-56.
[15]吴志均,何顺利.低气液比携液临界流量的确定方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(4):108-111.Wu Zhijun,He Shunli.Determination of the Critical Liquid Carrying Flow Rate at Low Gas Liquid Ratio[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(4):108-111.
[16]栾国华,何顺利,舒绍屹,等.应用人工神经网络方法预测气井积液[J].断块油气田,2010,17(5):575-579.Luan Guohua,He Shunli,Shu Shaoyi,et al.Using Artificial Neural Network Method to Predict Liquid Loading in Gas Well[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2010,17(5):575-579.
[17]Belfroid S P C.Schiferli W,Alberts G J N,et al.Prediction Onset and Dynamic Behaviour of Liquid Loading Gas Wells[C].Paper SPE 115567 Presented at 2008 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,September 21-242008.Denver,Colorado:SPE,2008.
[18]Veeken C A M,Belfroid S P C.New Perspective on Gas-Well Liquid Loading and Unloading[C].Paper SPE 134483 Presented at SPE 2010 Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,September 20-22 2010.Florence,Italy:SPE,2010.
[19]Aziz K,Govier G W,Fogarasi M.Pressure Drop in Wells Producing Oil and Gas[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1972,11(3):38-48.
[20]Duns H,Ros NCJ.Vertical Flow of Gas and Liquid Mixtures in Wells[C].Paper WPC-10132 Presented at 6th World Petroleum Congress,June 19-26 1963.Frankfurt Am Main,Germany:WPC,1963.
[21]Kaya A S,Sarica C,Brill J P.Mechanistic Modeling of Two Phase Flow in Deviated Wells[J].SPE Production&Facilities,2001,16(3):156-165.
[2]Coleman S B,Clay H B,Mc Curdy D G,et al.A New Look at Predicting Gas-Well Load-Up[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1991,43(3):329-333.
[3]Zhou D,Yuan H.A New Model for Gas Well Loading Prediction[J].SPE Production&Operations,2010,25(2):172-181.
[4]Li M,Li S L,Sun L T.New View on Continuous-Removal Liquids from Gas Wells[J].SPE Production&Facilities,2002,17(1):42-46.
[5]王毅忠,刘庆文.计算气井最小携液临界流量的新方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(6):82-85.Wang Yizhong,Liu Qingwen.A New Method to Calculate the Minimum Critical Liquids Carrying Flow Rate for Gas Wells[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(6):82-85.
[6]何顺利,栾国华,杨志,等.一种预测低压气井积液的新模型[J].油气井测试,2010,19(5):9-13.He Shunli,Luan Guohua,Yang Zhi,et al.A New Model for Predicting Liquid Loading in Low Energy Wells[J].Well Testing,2010,19(5):9-13.
[7]Wang Zhibin,Bai Huifang,Zhu Shuyang,et al.An Entrained-Droplet Model for Prediction of Minimum Flow Rate for the Continuous Removal of Liquids from Gas Wells[J].SPE Journal,2015,3(8):1041-1052.
[8]王志彬,李颖川.气井连续携液机理研究[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):681-687.Wang Zhibin,Li Yingchuan.Mechanism Study on Continuously Removing Liquids from Gas Wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):681-687.
[9]张耀刚,李治,于淑珍.靖边气田产水气井连续携液模型的优化与应用[J].石油化工应用,2009,28(8):78-80.Zhang Yaogang,Li Zhi,Yu Shuzhen.Optimization and Application of Water Production Gaswells Continuous Liquids Carrying Model[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2009,28(8):78-80.
[10]郑军,闫长辉,张文洪,等.大牛地气田气井最小携液产量研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(1):70-73.Zheng Jun,Yan Changhui,Zhang Wenhong,et al.Study on Minimum Liquid-Carrying Production of Gas Producer in Daniudi Gas Field[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(1):70-73.
[11]刘志森.塔河凝析气井井筒积液判断标准[J].断块油气田,2009,16(3):68-70.Liu Zhisen.Diagnosing Criteria of Wellbore Liquid Loading in Condensate Gas Well of Tahe Oilfield[J].Fault Block Oil and Gas Field,2009,16(3):68-70.
[12]李文魁,周广厚,毕国强,等.涩北气田排水采气优选模式[J].天然气工业,2009,29(9):60-63.Li Wenkui,Zhou Guanghou,Bi Guoqiang.The Optimal Method Selection for Dewatering Production at Sebei Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(9):60-63.
[13]徐卫峰,徐嘉.大牛地气田气井临界携液模型及应用[J].科技创新导报,2010,(11):114-115.Xu Weifeng,Xu Jia.Model and Application of Liquid Carrying of Gas Producer in Daniudi Gas Field[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2010,(11):114-115.
[14]曹光强,李文魁,严弦,等.气井临界流量计算模型的优选[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(1):53-56.Cao Guangqiang,Li Wenkui,Yan Xian.Study on the Gas Well Critical Rate Model Optimize[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2011,33(1):53-56.
[15]吴志均,何顺利.低气液比携液临界流量的确定方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(4):108-111.Wu Zhijun,He Shunli.Determination of the Critical Liquid Carrying Flow Rate at Low Gas Liquid Ratio[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(4):108-111.
[16]栾国华,何顺利,舒绍屹,等.应用人工神经网络方法预测气井积液[J].断块油气田,2010,17(5):575-579.Luan Guohua,He Shunli,Shu Shaoyi,et al.Using Artificial Neural Network Method to Predict Liquid Loading in Gas Well[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2010,17(5):575-579.
[17]Belfroid S P C.Schiferli W,Alberts G J N,et al.Prediction Onset and Dynamic Behaviour of Liquid Loading Gas Wells[C].Paper SPE 115567 Presented at 2008 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,September 21-242008.Denver,Colorado:SPE,2008.
[18]Veeken C A M,Belfroid S P C.New Perspective on Gas-Well Liquid Loading and Unloading[C].Paper SPE 134483 Presented at SPE 2010 Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,September 20-22 2010.Florence,Italy:SPE,2010.
[19]Aziz K,Govier G W,Fogarasi M.Pressure Drop in Wells Producing Oil and Gas[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1972,11(3):38-48.
[20]Duns H,Ros NCJ.Vertical Flow of Gas and Liquid Mixtures in Wells[C].Paper WPC-10132 Presented at 6th World Petroleum Congress,June 19-26 1963.Frankfurt Am Main,Germany:WPC,1963.
[21]Kaya A S,Sarica C,Brill J P.Mechanistic Modeling of Two Phase Flow in Deviated Wells[J].SPE Production&Facilities,2001,16(3):156-165.