一种可改善失步振荡模式的风电虚拟惯性控制策略
|
摘要
高渗透率风电并网导致原有系统等值惯性下降,给电力系统失步振荡后的稳定控制过程带来新的挑战。但是目前尚未有文献将风电虚拟惯性控制应用于电力系统发生失步振荡后的稳定控制领域。提出一种可改善失步振荡模式的风电虚拟惯性控制策略,通过引入风机并网点频率偏差来修改风机有功输出,系统遭受大扰动后,风电机组可持续向系统提供大量功率支援。风电机组通过虚拟惯性控制向系统注入/吸收功率,能有效抑制系统群内功率振荡,使得群内同调,从而改善系统失步振荡模式。仿真结果验证了所提虚拟惯性控制策略的正确性和有效性。
High permeability wind power integration leads to the equivalent inertia decline of the original system, which brings new challenges to the power system stability control after the system is out-of-step. However, there are few literatures that apply the Virtual Inertia Control(VIC) in the power system stability control after the system is out-of-step. This paper proposes a VIC strategy of wind power to improve the out-of-step oscillation modes. Under the VIC, the Variable Speed Wind Turbine(VSWT) modifies the active output basing on the frequency deviation of the wind power grid connection point. When the system is subjected to severe disturbances, the VSWT provides plenty of active power support to the system. The active power provided by the VSWT under the VIC inhibits the intra group power oscillation. It can realize the process of non-coherent to coherent, thereby improving the out-of-step oscillation modes. Simulation results prove the correctness and effectiveness of the VIC strategy.
High permeability wind power integration leads to the equivalent inertia decline of the original system, which brings new challenges to the power system stability control after the system is out-of-step. However, there are few literatures that apply the Virtual Inertia Control(VIC) in the power system stability control after the system is out-of-step. This paper proposes a VIC strategy of wind power to improve the out-of-step oscillation modes. Under the VIC, the Variable Speed Wind Turbine(VSWT) modifies the active output basing on the frequency deviation of the wind power grid connection point. When the system is subjected to severe disturbances, the VSWT provides plenty of active power support to the system. The active power provided by the VSWT under the VIC inhibits the intra group power oscillation. It can realize the process of non-coherent to coherent, thereby improving the out-of-step oscillation modes. Simulation results prove the correctness and effectiveness of the VIC strategy.
引文
[1]刘巨,姚伟,文劲宇,等.一种基于储能技术的风电场虚拟惯量补偿策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1596-1604.LIU Ju,YAO Wei,WEN Jinyu,et al.A wind farm virtual inertia compensation strategy based on energy storage system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1596-1604.
[2]MORREN J,DE HAAN S W H,KLING W L,et al.Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(1):433-434.
[3]MAURICIO J M,MARANO A,GOMEZ-EXPOSITO A,et al.Frequency regulation contribution through variablespeed wind energy conversion systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(1):173-180.
[4]李世春,邓长虹,龙志君,等.适应于电网高风电渗透率下的双馈风电机组虚拟惯性控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):33-38.LI Shichun,DENG Changhong,LONG Zhijun,et al.An inertial control method of doubled fed induction generators suitable for power grid with high wind power penetration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):33-38.
[5]张祥宇,付媛,王毅,等.含虚拟惯性与阻尼控制的变速风电机组综合PSS控制器[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):159-169.ZHANG Xiangyu,FU Yuan,WANG Yi,et al.Integrated PSS Controller of variable speed wind turbines with virtual inertia and damping control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):159-169.
[6]张志恒,王毅,韩笑,等.基于功率追踪曲线切换的双馈风电机组虚拟惯性控制策略[J].电力科学与工程,2013,29(9):1-12.ZHANG Zhiheng,WANG Yi,HAN Xiao,et al.Inertia control strategy of DFIG-based wind turbine by switching power tracking curve[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2013,29(9):1-12.
[7]刘璋玮,刘锋,梅生伟,等.扩张状态观测器在双馈风机虚拟惯量控制转速恢复中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1207-1217.LIU Zhangwei,LIU Feng,MEI Shengwei,et al.Application of extended state observer in wind turbines speed recovery after inertia response control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1207-1217.
[8]刘彬彬,杨健维,廖凯,等.基于转子动能控制的双馈风电机组频率控制改进方案[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):17-22.LIU Binbin,YANG Jianwei,LIAO Kai,et al.Improved frequency control strategy for DFIG-based wind turbines based on rotor kinetic energy control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(16):17-22.
[9]汪洋子.基于振荡能量的电力系统失步振荡研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.
[10]FOUAD A A,STANTON S E.Transient stability of a multi-machine power system part I:investigation of system trajectories[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1981,1(7):3408-3416.
[11]FOUAD A A,STANTON S E.Transient stability of a multi-machine power system part II:critical transient energy[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1981,1(7):3417-3424.
[12]高鹏,王健全,周文平,等.关于振荡中心的研究[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(2):16-20.GAO Peng,WANG Jianquan,ZHOU Wenping,et al.Study on oscillation center[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2005,17(2):16-20.
[13]丁剑,马世英,吴丽华,等.长距离输电型电网振荡中心分布及解列措施[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(10):186-191.DING Jian,MA Shiying,WU Lihua,et al.Out-of-step oscillation centers distribution and islanding operation of long distance transmission interconnected power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(10):186-191.
[14]刘福锁,方勇杰,吴雪莲,等.导致振荡中心迁移的基本因素及其敏感性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1695-1701.LIU Fusuo,FANG Yongjie,WU Xuelian,et al.Basic factors leading to the migration of the oscillation center and its sensitivity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1695-1701.
[15]刘福锁,方勇杰,李威,等.多频振荡下的失步振荡中心变化规律及其定位[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(20):68-73.LIU Fusuo,FANG Yongjie,LI Wei,et al.Out-of-step oscillation center change rules and its location under multi-frequency oscillation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(20):68-73.
[16]郭珂,唐飞,廖清芬,等.多频失步振荡场景下大区互联电网失步中心电压频率演变规律研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3257-3263.GUO Ke,TANG Fei,LIAO Qingfen,et al.Study on out-of-step center in multi-frequency oscillation of interconnected power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3257-3263.
[17]夏成军,陈翠琼,涂亮,等.多频振荡下失步解列判据的适用性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(4):26-31.XIA Chengjun,CHEN Cuiqiong,TU Liang,et al.Applicability analysis of out-of-step splitting criteria under multi-frequency oscillation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(4):26-31.
[18]刘福锁,方勇杰,吴雪莲,等.基于相位角的失步解列判据在复杂场景下的适应性及对策[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(16):71-75.LIU Fusuo,FANG Yongjie,WU Xuelian,et al.Adaptability and countermeasures of splitting criterion based on phase angle in complex scenarios[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(16):71-75.
[19]周榆晓.电力系统振荡中心的特性与识别[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.
[20]薛禹胜.运动稳定性量化理论——非自治非线性多刚体系统的稳定性分析[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1999:166-186.
[21]崔晓丹,李兆伟,方勇杰,等.群内非同调对主导模式暂态稳定性的影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(21):61-70.CUI Xiaodan,LI Zhaowei,FANG Yongjie,et al.Influence analysis of interior non-coherence of leading generator cluster to the transient stability of dominant mode[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(21):61-70.
[22]殷明慧.轨迹稳定性与时变因素分析[D].南京:南京理工大学,2008.
[23]李威.大电网暂态稳定控制优化研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[24]何仰赞,温增银.电力系统分析[M].3版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002:46-69.
[25]赵冬梅,许瑞庆,郑立鑫.全风况下双馈风机参与调频的协调控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):53-59.ZHAO Dongmei,XU Ruiqing,ZHENG Lixin.Research on coordinated control strategy for DFIGs participating in system frequency regulation with different wind[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):53-59.
[26]TANG F,YANG J,LIAO Q,et al.Out-of-step oscillation splitting criterion based on bus voltage frequency[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2015,3(3):341-352.
[27]李欣然,黄际元,陈远扬,等.大规模储能电源参与电网调频研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(7):145-153.LI Xinran,HUANG Jiyuan,CHEN Yuanyang,et al.Review on large-scale involvement of energy storage in power grid fast frequency regulation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(7):145-153.
[28]丁磊,尹善耀,王同晓,等.结合超速备用和模拟惯性的双馈风机频率控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2385-2391.DING Lei,YIN Shanyao,WANG Tongxiao,et al.Integrated frequency control strategy of DFIGs based on virtual inertia and over-speed control[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2385-2391.
[29]杨健,党杰,廖清芬,等.基于改进ucos?的电网振荡解列判据研究[J].陕西电力,2013,41(9):1-4.YANG Jian,DANG Jie,LIAO Qingfen,et al.Research on splitting criterion based on modified ucos?[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2013,41(9):1-4.
[30]王乙斐,吴佳军,云雷,等.基于无功功率捕捉振荡中心的方法研究[J].陕西电力,2013,41(5):21-26.WANG Yifei,WU Jiajun,YUN Lei,et al.A new method to capture the oscillation center based on reactive power integral[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2013,41(5):21-26.
[2]MORREN J,DE HAAN S W H,KLING W L,et al.Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2006,21(1):433-434.
[3]MAURICIO J M,MARANO A,GOMEZ-EXPOSITO A,et al.Frequency regulation contribution through variablespeed wind energy conversion systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2009,24(1):173-180.
[4]李世春,邓长虹,龙志君,等.适应于电网高风电渗透率下的双馈风电机组虚拟惯性控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):33-38.LI Shichun,DENG Changhong,LONG Zhijun,et al.An inertial control method of doubled fed induction generators suitable for power grid with high wind power penetration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):33-38.
[5]张祥宇,付媛,王毅,等.含虚拟惯性与阻尼控制的变速风电机组综合PSS控制器[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):159-169.ZHANG Xiangyu,FU Yuan,WANG Yi,et al.Integrated PSS Controller of variable speed wind turbines with virtual inertia and damping control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):159-169.
[6]张志恒,王毅,韩笑,等.基于功率追踪曲线切换的双馈风电机组虚拟惯性控制策略[J].电力科学与工程,2013,29(9):1-12.ZHANG Zhiheng,WANG Yi,HAN Xiao,et al.Inertia control strategy of DFIG-based wind turbine by switching power tracking curve[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2013,29(9):1-12.
[7]刘璋玮,刘锋,梅生伟,等.扩张状态观测器在双馈风机虚拟惯量控制转速恢复中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(5):1207-1217.LIU Zhangwei,LIU Feng,MEI Shengwei,et al.Application of extended state observer in wind turbines speed recovery after inertia response control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(5):1207-1217.
[8]刘彬彬,杨健维,廖凯,等.基于转子动能控制的双馈风电机组频率控制改进方案[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(16):17-22.LIU Binbin,YANG Jianwei,LIAO Kai,et al.Improved frequency control strategy for DFIG-based wind turbines based on rotor kinetic energy control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(16):17-22.
[9]汪洋子.基于振荡能量的电力系统失步振荡研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.
[10]FOUAD A A,STANTON S E.Transient stability of a multi-machine power system part I:investigation of system trajectories[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1981,1(7):3408-3416.
[11]FOUAD A A,STANTON S E.Transient stability of a multi-machine power system part II:critical transient energy[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1981,1(7):3417-3424.
[12]高鹏,王健全,周文平,等.关于振荡中心的研究[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(2):16-20.GAO Peng,WANG Jianquan,ZHOU Wenping,et al.Study on oscillation center[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2005,17(2):16-20.
[13]丁剑,马世英,吴丽华,等.长距离输电型电网振荡中心分布及解列措施[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(10):186-191.DING Jian,MA Shiying,WU Lihua,et al.Out-of-step oscillation centers distribution and islanding operation of long distance transmission interconnected power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(10):186-191.
[14]刘福锁,方勇杰,吴雪莲,等.导致振荡中心迁移的基本因素及其敏感性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(6):1695-1701.LIU Fusuo,FANG Yongjie,WU Xuelian,et al.Basic factors leading to the migration of the oscillation center and its sensitivity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(6):1695-1701.
[15]刘福锁,方勇杰,李威,等.多频振荡下的失步振荡中心变化规律及其定位[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(20):68-73.LIU Fusuo,FANG Yongjie,LI Wei,et al.Out-of-step oscillation center change rules and its location under multi-frequency oscillation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(20):68-73.
[16]郭珂,唐飞,廖清芬,等.多频失步振荡场景下大区互联电网失步中心电压频率演变规律研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(13):3257-3263.GUO Ke,TANG Fei,LIAO Qingfen,et al.Study on out-of-step center in multi-frequency oscillation of interconnected power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(13):3257-3263.
[17]夏成军,陈翠琼,涂亮,等.多频振荡下失步解列判据的适用性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(4):26-31.XIA Chengjun,CHEN Cuiqiong,TU Liang,et al.Applicability analysis of out-of-step splitting criteria under multi-frequency oscillation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(4):26-31.
[18]刘福锁,方勇杰,吴雪莲,等.基于相位角的失步解列判据在复杂场景下的适应性及对策[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(16):71-75.LIU Fusuo,FANG Yongjie,WU Xuelian,et al.Adaptability and countermeasures of splitting criterion based on phase angle in complex scenarios[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(16):71-75.
[19]周榆晓.电力系统振荡中心的特性与识别[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.
[20]薛禹胜.运动稳定性量化理论——非自治非线性多刚体系统的稳定性分析[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1999:166-186.
[21]崔晓丹,李兆伟,方勇杰,等.群内非同调对主导模式暂态稳定性的影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(21):61-70.CUI Xiaodan,LI Zhaowei,FANG Yongjie,et al.Influence analysis of interior non-coherence of leading generator cluster to the transient stability of dominant mode[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(21):61-70.
[22]殷明慧.轨迹稳定性与时变因素分析[D].南京:南京理工大学,2008.
[23]李威.大电网暂态稳定控制优化研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.
[24]何仰赞,温增银.电力系统分析[M].3版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002:46-69.
[25]赵冬梅,许瑞庆,郑立鑫.全风况下双馈风机参与调频的协调控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):53-59.ZHAO Dongmei,XU Ruiqing,ZHENG Lixin.Research on coordinated control strategy for DFIGs participating in system frequency regulation with different wind[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):53-59.
[26]TANG F,YANG J,LIAO Q,et al.Out-of-step oscillation splitting criterion based on bus voltage frequency[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2015,3(3):341-352.
[27]李欣然,黄际元,陈远扬,等.大规模储能电源参与电网调频研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(7):145-153.LI Xinran,HUANG Jiyuan,CHEN Yuanyang,et al.Review on large-scale involvement of energy storage in power grid fast frequency regulation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(7):145-153.
[28]丁磊,尹善耀,王同晓,等.结合超速备用和模拟惯性的双馈风机频率控制策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2385-2391.DING Lei,YIN Shanyao,WANG Tongxiao,et al.Integrated frequency control strategy of DFIGs based on virtual inertia and over-speed control[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2385-2391.
[29]杨健,党杰,廖清芬,等.基于改进ucos?的电网振荡解列判据研究[J].陕西电力,2013,41(9):1-4.YANG Jian,DANG Jie,LIAO Qingfen,et al.Research on splitting criterion based on modified ucos?[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2013,41(9):1-4.
[30]王乙斐,吴佳军,云雷,等.基于无功功率捕捉振荡中心的方法研究[J].陕西电力,2013,41(5):21-26.WANG Yifei,WU Jiajun,YUN Lei,et al.A new method to capture the oscillation center based on reactive power integral[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2013,41(5):21-26.